•When a substance dissolves, it goes intosolution.•A solution is a mixture in which the particlesof one substance are evenly mixed with the particles of another substance.•There are many different types of solutions.•Alloys are solid solutions of two or moremetals. They are made by melting the metalsbefore combining them.

•solute :Substance that dissolves in a solvent.•Solvent :Substance in which the solute dissolves •Soluble : able to dissolve.• solubility : Given amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given quantity of a solvent at a given temperature.•Insoluble: Unable to dissolve.

Water is some time called as the universal solvent because most of the solute dissolved easily in itPolar molecule: Molecule in which one end has positive charge and other end has a negative charged .

By stirring a solutionBy increasing the temperature of a liquid . Smaller the size of the solute particles, thefaster solute dissolves.By increasing the pressure.

Polar solvents will dissolve compounds made up of polar molecules and compounds that separate into ions. (Water and vinegar) Compounds made up of non polar molecules will dissolve in non polar molecules( Oil and butter)Polar solvent does not dissolve in non polar substance.(Ex: water and oil)

• A dilute solution is weak solution• A concentrated solution is strong.• An unsaturated solution contains less

dissolved solute than it can hold at a given temp.

• A saturated solution contains all of the solute

it can hold at a given temp.• A Super saturated solution containing

more solute than it can normally hold at a given temp.

( Crystals are often seen in this type of solution).

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Always shows reading between 0-14 pH between 0-7 is an acid pH between 7-14 is a base pH 7 is neutral. neutral: neither acidic nor basic

*Tastes sour*Conducts electricity*Corrosive to skin*Can eat through metal*Formulas starts with “H”*Always releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water*pH is between 0-7

*Tastes Bitter*Conducts electricity*Corrosive to skin*Feel slippery*Formulas ends with “OH”*Always releases hydroxide ions (OH¯) when dissolved in water *Red litmus paper into Blue (indicator)*pH between 7-14

substance that changes color in an acid or a base

reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water

electrolyte : substance that conducts an electric current when it is dissolved in water

ionization : formation of ions nonelectrolyte: substance that will not

conduct an electric current when it is dissolved in water .