What’s New in LAB & Life Sciences Feb/Mar 2014

FEBRUARY/MARCH 2014 VOL.24 NO.6PP100008671

Immunotherapy is now a reality

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lab & LIFE SCIENCES

FEB/MAR 2014

Your copy of What's New in Lab & Life Sciences is now available as an online eMag.

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04 The $1000 genome

06 Immunotherapy is paying off at last

15 Protecting critical data assets

from seismic events

21 Sending messages via molecules

27 An online resource for tracking

gene patents

30 Discrete or continuous flow

analysis - which is better?

33 A mini microscope from

a mobile phone camera

34 My Lab

Cover Image © iStockphoto.com/Egorych

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The $1000 genome

Sydney’s Garvan Institute of Medical Research has been chosen as one of the first facilities in the world to acquire machines that can sequence a whole human genome at a base cost below US$1000.

The HiSeq X Ten Sequencing System, from Illumina, was introduced by CEO Jay Flatley at the JP Morgan 32nd Annual Healthcare Conference in San Francisco. Flatley described the product as “a dramatic technology advance that will enable researchers at the Garvan In-stitute to undertake studies of unprecedented scale”.

The system is said to be the world’s first platform to deliver full coverage human genomes for less than $1000, inclusive of typical instrument depreciation, DNA extraction, library prepa-ration and estimated labour, though it does not include the cost of obtaining samples nor the analysis and interpretation of the data. It is sold as a set of 10 or more ultrahigh throughput sequencing systems, each generating up to 1.8 terabases (Tb) of sequencing data in less than three days or up to 600 gigabases (Gb) per day, per system.

Purpose-built for population-scale, whole genome sequencing, the product is suitable for scientists and institutions focused on the discovery of genotypic variation to enable a deeper understanding of human biology and genetic disease. It can sequence tens of thousands of samples annually, delivering a comprehensive catalogue of human variation within and outside coding regions.

Flatley said Illumina approached Garvan “due to its strength in the analysis and interpreta-tion of genomic data, and its close affiliation with St Vincent’s Hospital”. With the support of The Kinghorn Foundation, the institute was able to purchase the sequencing system, which is capable of sequencing around 350 genomes a week, or 18,000 a year.

“Just over a decade ago it cost over a billion dollars to sequence the first human genome,” noted Professor John Mattick, executive director of Garvan. “Illumina’s new system makes it possible to address the pressing clinical needs of the thousands of people in Australia with genetic diseases and the tens of thousands diagnosed with cancer each year.

“We will start by using our new system for large-scale research projects and for problem-dependent diagnostic purposes, specifically the routine analysis of cancer biopsies and people with genetic disorders. We will also begin to analyse the genomes of people suffering from other conditions, such as diabetes and Parkinson’s disease.”

In the future, says Professor Mattick, genome sequencing could be available widely enough for personal health management. For example, Associate Professor Marcel Dinger, Garvan Head of Clinical Genomics, had his own genome sequenced recently, alerting him to a likely sensitivity to a commonly used general anaesthetic - a problem he can now avoid.

As for Garvan’s future, Professor Mattick anticipates it will go on to “serve as a genom-ics hub for Australia and possibly the region”; however, he noted that the system “will need massive global databases to support interpretation of the data”. Thus, he expects the purchase will “underpin a new phase of collaboration between government, industry and other medical research stakeholders”.

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www.LabOnline.com.au6 WHAT’S NEW IN LAB & LIFE SCIENCES - February/March 2014

Detect, destroy, remember is the mantra of the immune system as it campaigns against infectious invaders and the body’s own abnormal cells.

Immunotherapy is paying off at last

© iStockphoto.com/vitanovski

For decades, researchers have strived to use the immune system to destroy cancer cells. In addition to recognising, destroying and re-

membering viral and bacterial infections, the immune system routinely does the same thing to the body’s own abnormal cells, the type that develop into cancer. However, vaccines and other immune therapies developed to hit cancer were bedevilled by tumour defences, resulting in minimal impact on the cancer if not outright treatment failure.

Now, immunotherapy is finally offering viable treatment options for some cancers.

Amazing results against metastatic melanomaDr Jim Allison, chair of Immunology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, has developed an entirely different way of treating cancer by targeting the im-mune system, not the tumour itself.

Allison’s basic science research on the biology of T cells, immune system attack cells primed to identify and destroy infec-tions and the body’s abnormal cells, has led to several discoveries:

• Identification of the receptor on T cells used to recognise and bind to antigens - abnormalities that mark defective cells or viruses and bacteria for attack.

• The discovery that T cells require a second molecular signal from co-stim-ulatory molecules to launch a response after they’ve bound to an antigen.

• A discovery involving a receptor on T cells called CTLA-4 that acts as a built-in off switch to stop T cells from attacking. These immune checkpoints usually protect normal tissues from autoimmunity and aren’t effective on abnormal cells. Cancer cells, however, activate CTLA-4.

Allison then developed an antibody that led to development of ipilimumab to block CTLA-4. In clinical trials against stage 4 melanoma, the drug extinguished the dis-ease in 24% of patients for up to 12 years and counting - unprecedented results against metastatic melanoma. The drug, now called Yervoy, was approved to treat melanoma by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2011.

Allison’s basic research on the biology of T cells - the supremely targeted shock troops of the immune system - revealed an important reason why. He found that a receptor on T cells acts as an ‘off switch’

to shut down activated T cells. Designed to protect normal cells from T cell attack, tumour cells also are equipped to fire up the receptor CTLA-4 to stop a targeted immune system assault.

Additional immune checkpoints and experimental drugs to block them are now being developed by others. Clinical trials of these agents and ipilimumab focusing on melanoma, lymphoma, lung, breast, gastric and prostate cancers are already in progress, with more to come.

Targeting cancer stem cells in brain cancersAn early-phase clinical trial of an experi-mental vaccine that targets cancer stem cells in patients with recurrent glioblas-toma multiforme, the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumour, has been launched by researchers at Cedars-Sinai’s Department of Neurosurgery, Johnnie L. Cochran, Jr. Brain Tumour Center and Department of Neurology.

Like normal stem cells, cancer stem cells have the ability to self-renew and generate new cells, but instead of produc-ing healthy cells, they create cancer cells. In theory, if the cancer stem cells can be destroyed, a tumour may not be able to sustain itself, but if the cancer originators are not removed or destroyed, a tumour will continue to return despite the use of existing cancer-killing therapies.

The Phase I study, which will enrol about 45 patients and last two years, evaluates safety and dosing of a vaccine created individually for each participant and designed to boost the immune sys-tem’s natural ability to protect the body against foreign invaders called antigens. The drug targets a protein, CD133, found on cancer stem cells of some brain tumours and other cancers.

Immune system cells called dendritic cells will be derived from each patient’s blood, combined with commercially pre-pared glioblastoma proteins and grown in the laboratory before being injected under the skin as a vaccine weekly for four weeks and then once every two months, according to Jeremy Rudnick, MD, neuro-oncologist in the Cedars-Sinai Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neurology, the study’s principal investigator. Dendritic cells are the immune system’s most powerful

www.LabOnline.com.au WHAT’S NEW IN LAB & LIFE SCIENCES - February/March 2014 7


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antigen-presenting cells - those responsible for helping the immune system recognise invaders. By being loaded with specific pro-tein fragments of CD133, the dendritic cells become ‘trained’ to recognise the antigen as a target and stimulate an immune response when they come in contact.

The cancer stem cell study is the lat-est evolution in Cedars-Sinai’s history of dendritic cell vaccine research, which was introduced experimentally in patient trials in 1998.

Immune cell response to cervical precancer vaccinePreliminary results of a small clinical trial show that a vaccine used to treat women with high-grade precancerous cervical le-sions triggers an immune cell response within the damaged tissue itself. The Johns Hopkins scientists who conducted the trial said the finding is significant because meas-uring immune system responses directly in the lesions may be a more accurate way to evaluate so-called ‘therapeutic’ vaccines than by the conventional means of blood analysis.

“It’s difficult to measure immune cell responses to therapeutic vaccines, but we believe that clinical studies could tell us more about the value and function of the vaccines if we check for the response in the lesions, where the immune system is fighting precancerous cells,” says Con-nie Trimble, MD, associate professor of gynaecology and obstetrics, oncology and pathology at Johns Hopkins’ Kimmel Can-cer Center. Each of the 12 women in the clinical trial was diagnosed with high-grade

precancerous cervical lesions linked to a strain of the human papillomavirus (HPV16) most commonly associated with cervical cancer. In a bid to treat the lesions and prevent cervical cancer, they received three vaccine injections in the upper arm over an eight-week period.

Two types of vaccines were used for the study: one constructed with genetically en-gineered DNA molecules that teach immune system cells to recognise premalignant cells expressing HPV16 E7 proteins and one that is a non-infectious, engineered virus that targets and kills precancerous cells marked by HPV16 and HPV18 E6 and E7 proteins.

Seven weeks after the third vaccination, the investigators surgically removed cervi-cal lesions from all of the women. Blood samples and cervical tissue were collected from each patient at the beginning and end of the trial, letting scientists compare immune cell responses before and after vaccination.

In three of six patients treated with the highest dose of the vaccine, and one patient in each of the two groups receiving lower doses of the vaccine, the cervical lesions disappeared. The first patient was treated in 2008 and the 12th in 2012. None of the 12 patients has, so far, developed more lesions.

Among those vaccinated, the investigators found significant increases of CD8 T-cells, the ‘killer’ cells of the immune system, in cervical tissue. Blood samples failed to show as strong a pre- and post-vaccination ef-fect. The investigators also said the vaccine did not have the unwanted consequence of altering the number of T-regulatory cells, which suppress immune system responses.

“We found striking immune system changes within cervical lesions, which were not as evident in the patients’ pe-ripheral blood samples,” says Trimble.

The investigators also measured gene expression of post-vaccinated cervical cells in three of the patients and found increased expression of several genes (CXCR3, Tbet and IFN ) associated with activation of the immune system. They found many similarities in T-cell recep-tors in the cervical tissue of two of the vaccinated patients, “suggesting that the T-cells are seeing the same thing”, says Trimble.

The Johns Hopkins team says it plans to enrol some 20 more patients, testing a combination of the vaccines and a topical cream to enhance the immune response locally.

Trimble says that the conventional practice of measuring vaccine effective-ness via blood tests probably began with mouse models used for immunotherapy research. “But the way that HPV and the immune system behave in humans may be far different,” she says.

HPV causes nearly all cervical, anal, vaginal and penile cancers and nearly two-thirds of oral cancers. In the cervix, about 20 to 25% of high-grade lesions will disappear spontaneously. Because there is no standard way to predict lesions that will disappear, the current standard of care for these lesions is surgical removal. Current preventive vaccines for HPV are not effective on women already exposed to the ubiquitous virus.

. . . MEASURING IMMUNE SYSTEM

RESPONSES DIRECTLY IN THE LESIONS

MAY BE A MORE ACCURATE WAY TO

EVALUATE SO-CALLED ‘THERAPEUTIC’

VACCINES THAN BY THE CONVENTIONAL

MEANS OF BLOOD ANALYSIS.

www.eppendorf.com/X1Eppendorf®, the Eppendorf logo and Eppendorf Mastercycler® are registered trademarks of Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany. All rights reserved, including graphics and images. Copyright © 2013 by Eppendorf AG.

Pure SilverThe new Eppendorf Mastercycler® X1 The new Mastercycler nexus X1 combines the modern and intuitive software from the Mastercycler nexus with a fast 96-well silver block for increased heating and cooling rates. It is fast, easy to use, does not need much space or energy and sends you an e-mail when it is done—what else do you need from a PCR cycler?

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Culture vesselsCell culture vessels, extending from open to closed systems, are available in various formats from Corning to

meet research needs and support bioproduction.

To grow more attachment-dependent cells, the company has added the Falcon Multi-Flask to its range of

scale-up culture vessels. Falcon’s 3- and 5-layer multiflasks simplify scale-up, enabling the user to grow more

cells faster and easier. The multiflasks offer the same footprint as a T175, with the same volume and same cell

seeding densities. For users who want more layers for more cells using the T175 footprint, the Corning HYPER

Flask offers 10 interconnected layers for 10-fold higher cell

yields than a T175 flask. For ensuring flask-like conditions and

supporting bioproduction, Corning offers the CellSTACK Culture

Chamber ranging from 1 to 40 layers with a corresponding

growth area of 636 to 25,440 cm2.

When growing cells as rotating cultures in an open system

is preferred, Corning Roller Bottles are suitable. Disposable

polystyrene roller bottles are available in four sizes, with 490

through to 1750 cm2 growth areas. This is an economical option

for cultivating large quantities of attachment-dependent cells.

The cell growth chambers are available in standard configu-

rations as well as specialised advanced surfaces, including

CellBIND or ECM Mimetic surfaces.

In Vitro Technologies Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/V856

Stackable shaking incubatorsLabwit Scientific stackable shaking incubators

are designed for modern labs with versatile

functional requirements but limited space. The

ZWYR-D2403 series shaker can be stacked up

to three units high, providing laboratory profes-

sionals with tripled culture capacity while still

only occupying the same footprint of a single

shaker. Units are available in single, double and

triple stacks.

The series features a large touch-screen

panel which clearly indicates all parameters in

one page display. With PID and fuzzy logic to

control temperature, the unit creates suitable

temperature conditions ranging from 4-60°C with

0.1°C accuracy. Each stack unit features a fully insulated fold-down door with a double-glazed

glass window for high visibility. On all refrigerating models, a microprocessor controller provides

versatility by enabling users to create a personalised program (with up to nine segments, with

cycling) to automate changes to function parameters on a time basis.

The dedicated sliding shaking platform provides access to the user’s experiment products.

A heavy-duty, eccentric drive mechanism allows extended speed ranges from 30 to 300 rpm,

±1 rpm with minimised vibration, even when shakers are stacked three high. A robust, brushless

AC motor enables the shaking motion to be quiet and smooth, even when the unit is operating at

top speed with maximum workload. An interior chamber light enhances observation.

The shaker has a range of safety features. Its non-volatile memory saves settings during a power

outage and automatically restarts the unit after power is restored; the heater shuts off when the

high-temperature limit is exceeded; and the shaker stops when excess vibration is detected or the

door is opened. Audible and visual alarms alert the user of setpoint deviations and can be muted.

LABWIT Scientific Pty Ltd


Liquid nitrogen generatorThe Khione LN2 Generation Plant is

an efficient alternative to conventional

liquid nitrogen supplies. The product

removes the ongoing costs and safety

considerations of the delivery and

transportation of traditional liquid

gas supplies.

Using the ‘cryo-refrigerator’ design

of a cold head and helium compressor,

nitrogen gas is produced using the

PSA technique which is then cooled

to -196°C to produce liquid nitrogen.

The generators are controlled using

touch-screen technology to display

the process in real time, plus Dewar

liquid level, PSA nitrogen production,

trend graphs and more.

Applications include remote mining

laboratories, animal genetics, storage

of samples, hospitals and laborato-

ries, metal treatment, superconductiv-

ity, theme parks and film production.

Models with LN2 production from

10-240 L/day are available.

Rheology Solutions Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/W047

http://www.lims1.com


FunnelsRobust and lightweight, Kartell Buchner

Funnels are designed for ease of use

in the Buchner Filtration process.

The Buchner Filtration process uses

a Buchner Flask connected to a vacuum

pump to improve the filtration process.

The cylinder on top is designed to

hold extra material and is separated

from the funnel by a perforated plate.

The advantage of this system is that

more material can be filtered, and

the process is said to be faster than

the traditional method of allowing the

solvent to be filtered using the force

of gravity.

The funnels feature two-piece polypropylene construction. The base of

the top section is perforated to allow solvent to pass through and can be

used in conjunction with both the Kartell discs for Buchner Funnels and

filter paper to filter the solvent while trapping the original material. With a

weave of 250 µ, the optional discs are an extra method of avoiding clog-

ging the filter holes in the funnel.

The polypropylene used in the funnels is heat- and corrosion-resistant,

and features good chemical resistance. The top and bottom sections can be

separated for easy and total cleaning, and can be sterilised by autoclaving.

The funnels are available in eight sizes: from Art. 437, which has a filter

diameter of 42.5 mm and a capacity of 40 mL, up to Art. 445, which has

a 240 mm filter diameter and a capacity of 6000 mL.

Sieper & Co Pty Ltd


Single-channel pipettesLabGear Australia has introduced

the Capp Bravo range of single-

channel pipettes. The series is

available in variable and fixed vol-

umes and combines lightweight,

ergonomic design with innovations

in manual pipette design.

The product is constructed from

high-quality autoclavable materials

and features light plunger and

ejection forces in a user-friendly

package. The fully autoclavable

range is available in volumes

from 0.1 µL up to 10 mL and

is backed up by the LabGear

Australia technical support team.

LabGear Australia


Laboratory bottlesDuran laboratory bottles are widely used in scientific research for activities such

as sampling, storage, mixing and sterilisation of liquids. The Youtility bottle system

addresses the critical issues of safe handling and bottle identification through the

systematic design of the individual components.

The bottles, with their ergonomic hand grips, are made of highly resistant Duran

glass and are available in four sizes: 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mL. The ergonomi-

cally shaped screw closure can be safely and comfortably handled by all users,

especially those with smaller hands or who are wearing protective laboratory gloves.

The bottle bodies and closure feature dedicated areas for the attachment of

self-adhesive identification labels. Bottle tags fit around the bottle neck and allow

for the simple colour personalisation of bottles that are used in shared work areas.

Schott Australia Pty Ltd


Advanced Pharma Compliance means maximum operational safety and fully automatic self-monitoring in pharmaceutical laboratories.

Secura® guarantees better results with:

- LevelControl for total confidence in your results: No more incorrect results from an unleveled balance- isoCAL: Internal fully automatic calibration and adjustment function with configurable action level- SQmin: Active monitoring of the USP minimum sample weight requirement

Secura® guarantees compliance with documentation requirements through:

- Cal Audit Trail - GLP-compliant print-out - Password protection for setup settings

Sartorius Australia Phone: 03 8762 1800/1800 645 076 [email protected]

www.sartorius.com/secura

The new Secura®

Riskless weighing in regulated areas.

http://www.sartorius.com/secura


Wireless monitoring systemTempsys provides wireless laboratory monitor-

ing for fridges, freezers, CO2 chambers

and more. The Checkpoint monitoring

system uses existing infrastructure

and off-site software to reduce instal-

lation costs and equipment outlay.

A wide range of sensors for every

application use Wi-Fi technology to

send data securely over the internet

to cloud-hosted servers. Users can be

alerted as to equipment malfunction

via email, SMS or talking text service.

Bioline Global Pty Ltd


Cell staining kitsThe CytoPainter range of dyes from Abcam enables subcel-

lular visualisation and live cell tracking in a multicolour stain-

ing platform. The staining kits use fluorescent dyes with high

photostability and can be used on both fixed and live cells.

The kits are available in a variety of colours (far-red to blue) and

are suitable for co-localisation studies with transfected stable

cell lines (such as GFP, tomato or mCherry). The current range

includes stains for ER, golgi, F-actin, lysosome, mitochondria and

nucleolus, as well as cell tracking across multiple generations.

The staining protocol requires minimal hands-on time - simply

prepare cells, add dye, incubate and analyse. The non-toxic

formulation of the dyes minimises photobleaching and is suit-

able for extended imaging of live cells.

Sapphire Bioscience


Mycoplasma detection kitMycoplasma are among the smallest bacteria capable of independent

reproduction. They have a slow and parasitic growth and cause many

infections in animals and plants. They are also difficult to control, as they

lack the bacterial cell wall which is the main point of attack for many

antibiotics. For this reason, a complete retention with conventional cell

structure sterile filters (0.2 µm pore size) is not possible.

There are many methods for the identification of a mycoplasma

contamination. Growth-based methods are very common, but require a

cultivation time of at least 28 days before a contamination with these slow-

growing bacteria can be ruled out with certainty. During this period, the

sample must be visually inspected on a daily basis. Even with the aid of

fluorescence detection it takes at least eight days before a mycoplasma

infection can be ruled out. In addition, the user needs a trained eye, a lot

of experience and specific know-how for the interpretation of the results.

PCR-based detection kits such as the Microsart AMP Mycoplasma Kit

offer users a sensitive and robust detection within only 3 h. The method

is said to be simple and the kit is supplied ready for use. All that is

needed on top is a Realtime Thermocycler that is capable of detecting

the fluorescent dyes FAM and ROX. The PCR kit is suitable for a wide

variety of initial matrices. In combination with a Vivaspin 20 or Vivaspin

6 ultrafiltration unit, a volume of up to 18 mL can be processed, which

ensures an increase in sensitivity.

Sartorius Stedim Australia Pty Ltd


http://www.asurequality.com.au

WHAT’S NEW IN LAB & LIFE SCIENCES - February/March 2014 15www.LabOnline.com.au

CA

SE

STU

DY Protecting critical data assets

from seismic eventsVictoria University is one of New Zealand’s most respected universities, providing teaching and learning for nearly 21,000 students from around the world. Based in the seismically active area of Wellington and subject to several significant earthquakes in recent years, the university’s infrastructure services team was tasked with the development of a disaster recovery (DR) data centre.

Disaster recovery sites are traditionally located in another city, far from the threat of disaster. While a logical solution, this off-site option comes with two distinct disadvantages:

• IT services must travel for frequent data centre maintenance.• An off-site DR requires IT services to leave family and loved ones in the

face of disaster in order to attend to the disaster recovery site.With this in mind, Victoria University Infrastructure Services Manager

Phil Mansford and his team sought to develop a shockproof system that could manage earthquakes and disaster head on; a solution that could be maintained close at hand.

Victoria University had three key requirements: survivability, robustness and standalone operation. This led to the development of QuakeSurfer - a steel platform that essentially surfs over earthquakes. Two years in the making, the in-house innovation was conceived by the university’s own IT staff, developed by engineering firm Dunning Thornton and constructed by MJH Engineering.

During development the team took elements from existing seismic protection technology - ‘base isolators/low gliders’ that protect against horizontal forces. Using data collected from Christchurch quakes, Victoria University determined the necessity to protect against vertical forces as well.

“The QuakeSurfer has two main components: low gliders that use friction to provide the horizontal protection and a horizontal protection system called QuakeSurfer to protect against vertical forces. In this way we create 360° protection,” Mansford explained.

Victoria University chose Rittal to supply a single-source solution for complete data centre infrastructure after exploring the Rittal data centre container on-site at Christchurch’s Orion Energy - a prefabricated, plug-and-play solution. Victoria University found that the product met each of its requirements:

• A single-source data centre incorporating racks, power, cooling, security and remote management.

• Energy efficient thanks to direct free cooling (ensuring a lower PUE of approximately 1.3) and space-saving rack technology.

• Low-cost deployment.• A trusted brand in the New Zealand market.

Mansford and his team worked with Rittal New Zealand’s sales manager, Brad Riach, and his team to design, order and commission the Rittal data centre container. The Victoria University team saw major savings in the cost of design and development through to installation.

“The deployment time and financial costs are far lower when compared to bricks and mortar,” Mansford said. “The Rittal solution is very low cost for deployment. We believe the cost is considerably less than a comparable ‘in building’ installation when you consider the cost of building fit-out, ducting and fire suppression.”

Rittal’s prefabricated, precertified solution saves ample time in deployment and commissioning. Shipped from Germany 80% complete, the RDCC was completed at Rittal’s Wellington premises then delivered to the site. All this was completed in less than four weeks.

The QuakeSurfer-RDCC solution has received accolades for its flexibility and diversity. It can be deployed as either disaster recovery or a primary data centre space. The product is suitable for locations in the so-called ‘Ring of Fire’ around the Pacific basin, where seismic activity is frequent. The QuakeSurfer represents a fortified insurance policy for critical assets. Teamed with Rittal’s modular data centre container, the solution represents a shake- and disaster-proof data centre solution for earthquake-affected areas.

“Together they provide a solution that is robust, standalone and will survive any foreseeable disaster,” said Mansford. “For this operation to encounter significant damage, I doubt there would be anyone left to operate the data centre!”

Rittal Pty Ltd



Process instrumentationAnton Paar process instrumentation is suitable for critical production processes.

The company’s full range of instruments and certified support is available in

Australia and New Zealand at MEP Instruments.

The company’s inline and online beverage analyser provide continuous,

accurate and safe measurement of important quality parameters such as

°Brix, % diet concentration, CO2, alcohol, sugar inversion and extract during

the whole production process.

Its density sensor monitors the product quality and product specifications

of liquids. The sound velocity sensor provides an accurate determination of

the sound velocity and concentration of liquids during production.

The company’s inline CO2 sensor is suitable for the continuous monitoring

and control of CO2 content during beverage production. The inline viscometer

continuously monitors the viscosity of process liquids such as suspensions,

lubricants and starch adhesives.

MEP Instruments Pty Limited


Barium fluoride windowsEdmund Optics introduces TechSpec Barium Fluoride (BaF2) Windows. The windows are

suitable for use in a wide variety of applications, including infrared (IR) spectroscopy,

as they offer wide broadband transmission extending from the deep ultraviolet (UV) to

the long-wave IR. They are available in four models with diameters from 5 to 50 mm.

With good transmission from 200 nm to 14 µm, the windows take advantage of barium

fluoride’s low index of refraction (1.48), which provides high transmission without the

need for antireflection (AR) coatings. The windows can be used at temperatures up to

800°C in a dry environment. They are said to be resistant to high-energy radiation and

feature a Knoop hardness of 82.

Barium fluoride is a very fast scintillator for the detection of X-rays, gamma rays

and other high energy particles, such as 511 keV gamma photons in positron emis-

sion tomography (PET). It is also used to detect high-energy (10-150 MeV) neutrons

and separate them from simultaneously occurring gamma photons using pulse shape

discrimination techniques.

Edmund Optics Singapore Pte Ltd


Agar media dishesSartorius Stedim Biotech has introduced Micro-

sart @media to complement Microsart @vance,

a product line for microbiological quality control

in these sectors.

The Microsart @media line of agar media dishes

is for microbial limits testing according to the

USP (Chapter <61>) and EP (Chapter 2.6.12).

They are pre-filled with various agar media types,

such as Tryptic Soy Agar or R2A Agar, sterile

packaged and ready to use in combination with

Microsart @filter units.

The product features an innovative lid that allows

touch-free transfer of the filter membrane onto the

media without using any tweezers. In addition,

easy access to the colonies after incubation is

available due to the liftable lid. The intelligent

design and ease of use is said to eliminate most

handling mistakes.

Due to their concerted development, the match-

ing Microsart @media active lid fits onto the

Microsart @filter base. The few steps required

between sampling and incubation are said to

save time and labour while delivering more reli-

able results. The touch-free membrane transfer

eliminates membrane manipulation and handling,

thereby minimising a major source of secondary

contamination.

Sartorius Stedim Australia Pty Ltd


http://www.lonza.com/4d-nucleofector


CA

SE

STU

DY Data capture software for clinical research

into mental healthArcitecta is developing a product to improve the capture and management of data from clinical research worldwide. The work builds on the company’s metadata management platform, Mediaflux, “but extends its capabilities for clinical research data capture and management,” according Arcitecta Chief Technical Officer Jason Lohrey.

This project is being funded by the Department of State Development, Business and Innovation in Victoria, with in-kind contributions from Arcitecta and the CRC for Mental Health. The CRC is also providing real data taken from volunteers.

“Modern medical research relies on data collected from patient volunteers to test the effectiveness of new products and discover new ways of diagnosing diseases early,” explained Dr Noel Faux, bioinformatician at the CRC for Mental Health.

A key focus of the CRC is gaining insights from longitudinal studies into Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and various mood disorders. These studies collect data at regular intervals over the course of between one to seven years. The amount of data generated and that needs to be assessed can be in the order of over 100 TB, which could be spread across the 19 different organisations that form the CRC for Mental Health consortium.

The aim with all of these studies is to identify the biomarkers that provide an early indication of the onset of these mental illnesses. Changes in proteins, lipids or brain activity could indicate the first signs of a mental illness, so being able to detect these changes would provide clinicians with the ability to diagnose and treat the condition at the early onset stage, rather than waiting until the condition has developed.

Arcitecta’s new software product will:• enable clinicians to capture clinical data at the bedside, in a form that is easily accessible to them and other non-expert IT users;• import and export new and existing data;• enable multiple research institutions to collaborate on multiple trials by allowing them to feed data;• allow users to develop additional functions as and when they need it.

“To identify causal factors for a particular mental illness, researchers need to gather and assess an enormous amount of clinical information, which consists of a mix of clinical notes, medical imaging and patient pathology results,” Dr Faux said.

“This project is important because it means we can capture all sorts of data across multiple sites, covering multiple conditions; enhancing the results and the management of the patient’s condition.”

Using modern agile software development techniques, Arcitecta will build and implement the new product (to the CRC for Mental Health’s specifications) within 12 months and promote it through the CRC for Mental Health consortium and its global alliance with SGI. The CRC will then test the product across multiple sites in Melbourne and Perth and multiple clinical settings, ensuring it meets the diverse needs of the clinical and research community and the trials being conducted.

Once successfully implemented, said Dr Faux, the product “will have application worldwide and will enhance our ability to collaborate with other leading researchers”.

Arcitecta

www.arcitecta.com

Pressure calibratorsFluke has introduced its two latest models of pressure

calibrators: the Fluke 719Pro and 721 Dual Range.

The 719Pro Electric Pressure Calibrator is a test tool for cali-

brating transmitters, pressure switches and pressure gauges.

It features high-accuracy pressure measurements and

an onboard electric pressure pump that can gener-

ate up to 300 psi, eliminating the need for an external

hand pump. It also measures, simulates and sources

4-20 mA loop current signals and can measure up to

30 VDC. Its internal 24 loop power supply can power a

transmitter under test. The Fluke 721 Dual Range Pressure

Calibrator, with dual isolated pressure sensors, lets technicians take simultaneous static and differential

pressure measurements in a single tool for gas custody and transfer applications. It can be configured

by selecting either a 16 or 36 psi low-pressure sensor and then add any of seven high-pressure ranges

including 100, 300, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000 or 5000 psi.

Fluke Networks


YOUTILITY – TOUCH THE FUTURETHE DURAN® LABORATORY BOTTLE SYSTEM

SCHOTT Australia & New Zealand Pty. Ltd. 1/9 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest 2083 NSWwww.schott.com/australia

http://www.schott.com/australia


2014-2015 laboratory catalogueWestlab has launched its 2014-

2015 laboratory catalogue.

A suitable resource for the labo-

ratory, products are fully priced,

covering all areas of the lab.

Westlab Supplies

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/W142 Ultrasonic baths

The VWR Ultrasonic Baths

provide effective and efficient

cleaning of laboratory glass-

ware, instruments and a range

of industrial applications. All

models are supplied with a

lid, basket and support rack.

With end-user applica-

tions in mind, the com-

pany of fers three mod-

e ls w i th seven vo lume

options, ranging from 1.9 to

28.4 L. Users can also se-

lect from a timer only, timer

and heater or timer, heater

and degas.

Additional accessories con-

structed from 304 stainless

steel include lids, baskets,

support racks, covers for

beakers and draining hoses.

VWR International Pty Ltd


Bidirectional mass flow controllersAlicat Scientific introduces what it claims to be the first bidirectional flow controller. The MCD Series bi-

directional mass flow controller control flows into the user’s process in one direction and then switches

direction; or controls flow into a closed process and then vents the volume, with no need for additional

bleed valves.

The product is able to: measure mass flow and volumetric flow in both directions plus absolute pres-

sure and temperature; control mass or volumetric flow from a pressurised source or from vacuum; con-

trol absolute pressure or backpressure in a flowing process; control absolute pressure in a closed

volume with automatic venting.

The flow controller is easy to use. With the local display, users can make

changes to the configuration of the unit without the need for computers,

complicated software or scripts. The product is rated with accuracies of ±

0.8% of reading + 0.2% of full scale. It has very few moving parts and a

repeatability of ± 0.2% of FS.

The device has a response time of less than 10 ms and a

control time of 100 ms. It is available in any flow range,

from 0.5 sccm through 3000 slpm, and is equipped with

analog outputs and inputs. It requires little power to

run, reducing operating costs, and has less pressure

drop when compared to similar flow devices, meaning

more process fluids go into the process and not into

the measurement devices.

The product is used in processes like pharma-

ceutical and semiconductor manufacturing, fuel

cell research, auto-paint application and emissions-

compliance equipment.

Duff & Macintosh


Acrylamide kits for gel electrophoresisBio-Rad Laboratories has launched its TGX FastCast

acrylamide and TGX Stain-Free FastCast acrylamide

kits, which provide handcast gel users access to the

company’s TGX gel chemistry. The kits allow users to

hand cast polyacrylamide gels with fast run times, efficient protein transfers and consistent,

reproducible results.

The TGX Stain-Free version allows users to monitor the success of each step in their protein

electrophoresis and western blotting workflows. Stain-free technology provides confidence at

each step of the workflow through visual checks. Stain-free visualisation also enables total

protein normalisation, a more accurate method than using housekeeping proteins for cor-

recting loading errors.

Unlike traditional handcast gels, which require 60 min to polymerise before running, Fast-

Cast gels can be used only 30 min after casting. Protein electrophoresis can then be run on

the gels in as little as 20 min. In addition, the gels can conveniently be stored for up to four

weeks after casting, allowing researchers to cast multiple gels at once and use as needed.

Proteins can be transferred from FastCast gels in as little as 3 min when used with Bio-

Rad’s Trans-Blot Turbo transfer system. The Stain-Free FastCast acrylamide kits further allow

protein detection in gels or on membranes in 3-5 min using the company’s stain-free imag-

ing systems. This makes it possible for researchers to cast their gels and achieve complete

protein separation, gel imaging and data analysis in less than an hour.

Bio-Rad Laboratories Pty Ltd



Researchers from the University of Warwick in the UK and York University in Canada have created a molecular com-munications system which can be used for the transmis-sion of messages and data in challenging environments.

Writing in the journal PLOS ONE, the scientists describe “the first modular and programmable platform capable of transmitting a text message using chemical signalling - a method also known as molecular communication”.

The method is common in the plant and animal worlds - many insects use pheromones for long-range signalling, for example. Dr Weisi Guo from the University of Warwick noted that “people have achieved short-ranged signalling using chemicals, but we have gone to the next level and successfully communicated continuous and generic messages over several metres”.

The researchers developed the capability to transform any ge-neric message into binary signals, which are then ‘programmed’ into evaporated alcohol molecules from vodka. The chemical signal, containing the words “O Canada”, was sent four metres across the lab with the aid of a tabletop fan. It was then demodulated by a receiver that measured the rate of change in concentration of the alcohol molecules, picking up whether the concentration was increasing or decreasing.

“We believe we have sent the world’s first text message to be transmitted entirely with molecular communication, controlling con-centration levels of the alcohol molecules to encode the alphabet,

with single spray representing bits and no spray representing the bit zero,” said York University doctoral candidate Nariman Farsad, who led the experiment.

But the method won’t be used as frivolously as a day-to-day text message: the researchers say molecular communication is “attractive for applications where conventional wireless systems perform poorly, from nanotechnology to urban health monitoring”. Environments where electromagnetic waves cannot be used, and chemical signals offer a more efficient method, include underground structures such as tunnels, pipelines or underwater environments.

“For example, the recent massive clog in the London sewer system could have been detected earlier on, and without all the mess workers had to deal with, by sending robots equipped with a molecular communication system,” said Professor Andrew Eckford from York University.

Dr Guo added, “They can also be used to communicate on the nanoscale, for example in medicine, where recent advances mean it’s possible to embed sensors into the organs of the body or create miniature robots to carry out a specific task such as targeting drugs to cancer cells.” He explained that molecular communication signals are biocompatible, require little energy to generate and propagate, and don’t feature the same constraints as electromagnetic signals do at the nanoscale. Dr Guo said the idea of “sending a detailed message using perfume … sounds like something from a spy thriller novel, but in reality it is an incredibly simple way to communicate”.

Sending messages via molecules

© iS

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phot

o.co

m/r

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Analytical balances for detecting electrostatic chargeThere are many examples in the laboratory where electrostatic forces

act on the weighing pan, the tare vessel and/or the sample being

weighed. It is well known that these forces contribute to inaccurate

results and cause slow stabilisation times.

Automatically detecting external effects to the weighing results due

to electrostatic charges makes balance operation simpler and more

dependable. The Excellence XPE analytical balances from Mettler Toledo

incorporate StaticDetect technology which quickly and automatically

detects electrostatic charge when a load is placed on the balance.

The StaticDetect indicator switches off when no influence from

electrostatic charge is present and flashes when influence is present.

A warning message on the SmartScreen of the balance shows the

magnitude of the error.

The company has a number of measures available to avoid weigh-

ing errors caused by electrostatic charge. These measures include

ErgoClips, which act as a Farady cage; and a compact antistatic

device which ionises the air to neutralise charged ions on the sample.

Mettler Toledo


Anaerobic workstationsThe Whitley A85TG and A95TG workstations are anaerobic cham-

bers which run from three separate gases. This is claimed to make

them 30% cheaper to operate than dual-gas versions, which use

cylinders of ANO2 and N2. The units run on separate cylinders of

N2, H2 and CO2 to create anaerobic conditions, which is said to

be more cost-effective than purchasing premixed anaerobic gas.

Both models are fitted with a large 30 L airlock with a powered

internal door to provide effective sample and equipment transfer

in the fastest possible time, while ensuring the minimum amount

of oxygen is introduced into the chamber.

Manual, oval glove ports enable the user to work gloved or

bare-handed. Each glove port also acts as a mini-airlock for 10

plates so users can transfer up to 20 plates as they insert their

arms. This further saves gas as it avoids the need to run an airlock

cycle for small numbers of plates.

A colour, touch-screen control panel provides ease of use and

visual display of parameters such as temperature, humidity and

airlock cycle status. An automatic commissioning cycle and a

built-in dehumidification system save time and resources.

A range of options and accessories is available to tailor the

workstation to the user’s specific application, including a fully

integrated anaerobic conditions monitor that displays real-time

oxygen levels and enables download of data for further analysis.

The A85TG can accommodate 500-700 x 90 mm Petri dishes.

The larger A95TG accommodates 1000-1400 x 90 mm dishes in

a chamber that has two sets of glove ports.

Don Whitley Scientific Pty Limited


http://www.labco-online.com


pH, conductivity, ions and salt

Simple accurate and reliable

Small samples typically one drop

Uses innovative flat sensor technology

Calibrate and measure at the touch of a button

Light, easy to clean and waterproof

Australian Scientific Pty LtdPO Box 335Kotara, NSW 2289Email: [email protected]

Tel: 1800 021 083Fax: 02 4956 2525

NEW

B-700 Series

Waterproof pocket-size meter

DNA plasmid vectorsOxford Genetics provides a catalogue of DNA plasmid vectors

for researchers. To simplify genetic engineering, the products

are based on the same core plasmid backbone (SnapFast)

and contain a comprehensive range of DNA components in

different configurations.

The aim was to engineer a DNA plasmid system that

could accommodate most of the functional DNA inserts

that a researcher might require within a single plasmid. By

optimising the starting vector, every component of the sys-

tem can be removed and exchanged for hundreds of other

DNA sections which have been pre-designed and tested

by Oxford Genetics.

All constructs have been pre-screened for poor codon

usage and conflicting restriction sites. Rare codons and

restriction sites have been removed to enable efficient ex-

pression which ensures conflicting restriction sites do not

limit the cloning of other SnapFast DNA inserts.

Most of the DNA sections within the plasmids are flanked

by restriction sites of 6 bp in length, with strategically placed

8 bp restriction sites at key positions throughout the plasmid

to maximise the versatility of the system.

The plasmids are designed to allow the creation of complex

DNA expression vectors with minimal cloning steps. They are

a suitable toolset for synthetic biology applications creating

versatile cloning systems that deliver results, regardless of

a project’s complexity.

BioNovus Life Sciences


Solvent recyclersB/R Instrument offers a variety

of automatic systems for recy-

cling xylene, alcohol, formalin

and xylene substitutes. Simply

put the used solvent into

place, push start and let the

solvent recycler do the rest.

When the recycled solvent

is ready for re-use, the solvent

recycler will alert the user

with an audible alarm and

a message on the display.

The microprocessor control-

ler watches over the solvent

recycler, constantly checking

all safety parameters. At the

end of the solvent recycling

program, the equipment stops

the process automatically and lets the user know that the recycled

solvent is ready for re-use.

The microprocessor is programmed with up to 19 different solvent

recycling protocols with additional protocols easily optimised to meet

specific needs. Recyclers are available in 10 and 20 L models.

Abacus ALS Australia


http://www.austscientific.com.au


Kit for methylated DNA immunoprecipitationThe EpiQuik MeDIP Ultra Kit is a

complete set of optimised reagents

to enrich and capture methylated DNA

fragments in a convenient microplate-

based format. The methylated DNA

that is enriched with the kit can be

used for various downstream ap-

plications, including qualitative and

quantitative PCR (MeDIP-PCR), mi-

croarray (MeDIP-chip) and especially

sequencing (MeDIP-seq).

The kit uses a monoclonal antibody,

specific to 5-methylcytosine, to im-

munoprecipitate methylated genomic

DNA. The antibody can strongly bind

both single- and double-stranded DNA

fragments containing two or more

5-mC, which enables highly sensitive

enrichment of methylated DNA with

>99% specificity. The highly sensitive

and specific format of the kit can use

DNA isolated from various species.

The kit adopts a fast and conveni-

ent protocol that can be completed

in less than 3 h (from input sample

to ready-to-use meDNA). Another

advantage of the kit is that low DNA

input is required - as low as 50 ng

(10,000 cells) per reaction.

Sapphire Bioscience


Touch-screen control platformA touch-screen control platform for easy automation of laboratory and light industrial motion

control systems has been introduced by Aerotech. The Ensemble LAB controls up to four

axes of brush, stepper or brushless AC motors. It is designed for university research and

manufacturing applications where ease of use is desired. The full-colour, touch-screen display

enables quick access to all the core functionality while providing deep contrast and high read-

ability. The intuitive tabbed interface provides single-press access to all set-up and operation

screens. A front-panel USB port allows connection of a keyboard and other peripherals to

assist in creating complex program sequences.

Applications include: academic research; semiconductor manufacturing; electronics manu-

facturing (LEDs); test and inspection; laser processing; metals inspection; micromachining;

nanotechnology; medical devices. The product includes full compatibility with both EPICS and

TANGO distributed control protocols, allowing it to seamlessly integrate into applications at

all major research institutions.

The company’s MPS series stages support the platform’s FlashConfig feature. The stage

is automatically identified and all operational parameters including axis calibration data are

uploaded into the platform. This ensures safe, accurate plug-and-play operation. FlashConfig

provides flexibility for laboratory environments where systems are often reconfigured to meet

changing application requirements. The product can run up to four programs simultaneously for

easy partitioning of complex operations. The platform controls a variety of applications includ-

ing point-to-point motion, linear and circular

interpolation, single- and multi-

axis error correction, direct

commutation of linear and

rotary brushless servomotors,

and servo autotuning.

Lastek Pty Ltd


Isotope ratio infrared spectrometerThe Thermo Scientific Delta Ray Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectrometer is an analyser for the continuous

measurement of isotope ratio values from CO2 in ambient air. The ability to transport the system into

the field can enable scientists to continuously collect data 24 hours a day.

Scientists can measure short duration phenomena that may have previously been missed due to

the low-frequency sample acquisition. By comparison, a lab transporting samples from the field might

only be able to collect one or two samples per week. In addition to more data, the field-deployable

system can reduce or eliminate costs for vials, flasks and transport.

The analyser uses laser-based mid-infrared spectroscopy to simultaneously measure carbon-13

isotope and oxygen-18 isotope with a precision of better than 0.1 parts per thousand in minutes. The

mid-infrared range produces absorption signals about 8000 times stronger than the

near-infrared, enhancing performance and reducing the need to clean the mirrors.

The system’s Universal Reference Interface is engineered to automate refer-

encing and calibration for verifiable measurements. The system is designed to

measure large- and small-scale changes in atmospheric CO2 at concentrations from

200 ppm to 100% (with optional dilution box) over a wide range of time scales. The

instrument is designed to be robust and simple to operate. Thermo Scientific Qtegra

software is intended to enhance the usability, with a dashboard for system status,

‘Get Ready’ button that prepares the system for operation with one click, ‘LabBook’

objects containing methods and results, and ‘Workflow’ display to simplify navigation.

The entire system fits the cargo areas of most sport utility and other light vehicles

due to its small 588 x 424 mm footprint and 37 kg weight. An external computer is

not needed.

Thermo Fisher Scientific



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Oil-lubricated rotary vane vacuum pumpThe R 5 series oil-lubricated rotary vane vacuum pumps

can be used to perform numerous tasks within the

medical, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The

series is suitable for medical, dental and laboratory

vacuum applications.

The vacuum pumps provide optimised pumping

speeds at low end pressures and are distinguished by

their energy-efficient means of air cooling and internal

oil recirculation. The recirculating oil lubrication provides

a constant high vacuum level which can cope with

tough operating conditions.

The vacuum pumps have low noise and vibration

levels and a refined extractor system, ensuring a

clean and oil-free exhaust. Various sizes are available,

dependent on the application being used, as well as

special versions for applications such as oxygen han-

dling, increased humidity and explosion-prone areas.

Accessories and technical options are also available,

including an optional gas ballast valve which allows

vapours to be pumped without condensing.

Busch Australia Pty Ltd


MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometerThe MALDI-7090 is targeted for proteomics and tissue imaging. It combines Shimadzu’s

MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometry expertise with patented technology to provide high

performance in the identification and structural characterisation of biomolecules.

Technology such as ASDF (axial spatial distribution focusing) delivers high-resolution

MALDI MS/MS for accurate compound characterisation. This is in combination with

solid-state UV laser technology, true 2 kHz acquisition speed in all modes (MS and

MS/MS), an integrated 10-plate loader and MALDI Solutions software. The product’s

20 keV high-energy CID capability efficiently produces additional fragment ions to further

enhance characterisation.

Comprising a powerful range of tools for method development, acquisition, data

processing and interpretation, MALDI Solutions software allows automatic and manual

control of the product and has been designed to provide a flexible platform in the hands

of both novice and expert users. Targeted software modules address a wide variety of

research applications, including proteomics and tissue imaging.

Shimadzu Scientific Instruments (Oceania) Pty Ltd


http://www.edmundoptics.com.au


Extraction plate for LC-MS sample preparationTecan’s AC Extraction Plate is an automation-friendly product

designed to streamline sample preparation for LC-MS analysis

of small molecules. The plate, which is based on TICE (Tecan

Immobilized Coating Extraction) technology, reduces the sample

preparation process to a convenient ‘pipette and shake’ routine.

The product is a 96-position, deep-well microplate, with the inner surface of each

well coated with a highly controlled layer of TICE material. This coating efficiently extracts low

molecular weight analytes - such as vitamin D and testosterone - from aqueous solutions, eliminating the need

for the time-consuming filtration, centrifugation and evaporation steps that are often integral to other methods.

Sample preparation with the plate can also be easily automated, providing a rapid, walk-away solution for

the extraction of small molecules from biological fluids for LC-MS analysis.

Tecan Australia


Materials analysis benchtop unitTo provide comprehensive compositional materials analysis at

the structural and elemental level, Olympus has developed the

BTX Profiler. The stylish and functional benchtop unit combines

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis in a

single instrument, delivering savings in operational costs, space

and time along with seamless integration of data and results.

The product can be used in various applications, including

energy exploration; mineral identification; ore-grade control; coun-

terfeit drug screening; fire and explosives forensics; and corrosion

monitoring. With full mineralogical and elemental analysis capabilities,

it can be used for single sample measurement or for unattended multi-

sample measurements when combined with an integrated autosampler.The product is claimed to be more efficient than

conventional powder diffraction systems. The close-coupled transmission geometry means that the device only requires

a low powered X-ray source and a small amount of sample. The sample-handling technology incorporates a vibration

system that enables random crystal orientation in a fixed sample cell. The CCD detector with its smart energy discrimina-

tion provides graphical 2D diffraction patterns, or ring patterns, and acquires more data more rapidly than conventional

XRD detectors. The unit’s Energy Dispersive XRF technology integrates selectable optimised beam paths of a miniature

X-ray tube and specialised filters; a large-area silicon drift detector (SDD) for optimised resolution and detection limits;

and close coupled geometry with the sample, allowing for a wide elemental and concentration measurement range. Its

non-destructive capability is of particular significance for industrial sectors including energy, geochemistry, pharmaceu-

ticals, catalysts, forensics and education.

Olympus Australia Pty Ltd


http://www.laftech.com.au


In a ruling last year, “the US Supreme Court held that natu-rally occurring sequences from human genomic DNA are not patentable subject matter”, the researchers, from Cambia and Queensland University of Technology (QUT), said. “Only certain

complementary DNAs (cDNA), modified sequences and methods to use sequences are potentially patentable.”

But of those sequences which are patentable, “many patent offices have no way of tracking genetic sequences disclosed in patents and currently do not provide them in machine-searchable format”, said principal author and QUT academic Professor Osmat Jefferson.

“This likely means patents are being granted for genes that are not ‘newly discovered’ at all, because the patent offices have no way of really knowing.”

The team found that while major patent offices claimed to use sophisticated search tools and databases to access patent-disclosed sequences, those search mechanisms are not generally available to the public and may not be accessible to the dozens of patent offices in jurisdictions with limited budgets or emerging intellectual property protection. The study also found that the majority of over 2000 US patent claims did not actually claim the gene sequence itself, but rather its use for particular purposes.

“What is happening? Who’s doing the patenting? Why are they doing it? How much are they doing it? What rights are being granted? And how much is our society benefiting from these bio-logical patent teachings?” Professor Jefferson asked.

The researchers say there is a “pressing need for precise analysis of patents that disclose and reference genetic sequences”.

Furthermore, they state, “data sets, standards compliance and analytical tools must be improved - in particular, data sets and analytical tools must be made openly accessible - in order to provide a basis for effective decision-making and policy setting to support biological innovation”.

With this in mind, an international team led by Professor Jef-ferson is analysing biological patents for open-access web resource The Lens, run by Cambia in collaboration with QUT. The Lens’s PatSeq (Patent Sequence) database currently holds more than 120 million DNA sequences and 10 million protein sequences drawn from patent documents.

Using sequences extracted from millions of global patent docu-ments, coupled with cutting-edge, web-based software, the toolkit provides the first open public insight into exactly who has sought patents over genes and proteins. It includes:

• a graphical tool to visualise the scope of patents overlaying the human genome;

• an analysing tool which allows detailed findings to the finest level to be correlated with the patent document;

• a search tool that allows anyone with a gene or protein se-quence to find matches in the PatSeq database.

“Perhaps the toolkit’s most important feature is that all findings can be embedded and shared with anyone, anywhere at no cost, allowing researchers, policymakers and concerned citizens to explore the evidence underlying this practice,” Professor Jefferson said.

“The public - and indeed enterprise and policymakers - need to know the answers if we’re to have a transparent, fair and eco-nomically productive society.”

An online resource for tracking gene patents

In a paper published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, researchers have stated that overworked patent offices are struggling to keep up with the rapid explosion in information and technology that genetic sequences represent, while the public at large is kept in the dark about gene patenting practices. It is hoped that a free online resource will bring some transparency to an otherwise opaque system.


DNA purification systemThe ArchivePure DNA Purification System is a flexible

and scalable method for the isolation of high-quality

genomic DNA from a multitude of sample types.

It is a suitable choice if the DNA is to be used for

demanding downstream applications.

The system has a fast procedure with ready-to-

use reagents. It achieves liquid phase purification

with no toxic chemicals and detergents.

The product isolates high molecular weight DNA,

from 100 to 200 kb. The use of high-purity, archive-

quality DNA enables storage for many years.

Suitable samples include blood, tissue, cells,

plant, gram positive bacteria and more.

VWR International Pty Ltd


Data acquisition systemThe Validyne HD310 Data Acquisition System enables high-speed monitoring of multichannel nuclear

power plant systems. The model’s flexibility means the device can be modified or expanded to the

changing requirements of the user’s needs. The core function of the system is to provide high-speed

data during the operating parameters of a nuclear power plant, providing a maximal isolation from

critical electrical operating circuits.

The product is capable of processing 4096 channels of analog data and converting it to digital

data. The device is then able to transmit the converted digital data through fibre-optic or twisted-

pair cables to a master receiver. The master receiver interacts with a computer to store and utilise

the processed data. All device channels can be fed simultaneously to a PCM tape recorder for

bulk storage.

The basic system can process anywhere from 32 to 512 channels of analog data from 1-16 remote

multiplexers, but the number of channels can be increased from 512 to 4096 with a submultiplexer.

The system has an integrated signal conditioner for sensors that accepts strain gauges, VR sensors

and DC volts. The device has a standard ±10 VDC analog output as well supporting an analog to

digital converter, and it is compatible with both fibre-optic and serial data streams.

Bestech Australia Pty Ltd


Application software for filling and dosingFlexible control is important when it comes to filling systems. When operating several processes

with varying requirements, it can be difficult to monitor and control them all. Filling and dos-

ing software should make this easy. A software application for

the IND890 weighing terminal from Mettler Toledo offers filling

control for flexible use in industrial applications.

The IND890 terminal offers ergonomic weighing with in-

creased efficiency and flexibility, as well as features for easy

operation. IND890fill software for the terminal allows users

to monitor and control filling and dosing applications. The

software has a memory capable of storing 999 sets of target

parameters, allowing easy switchover between processes

with little room for user error.

Mettler Toledo


http://www.mep.net.au


The fully integratedpanel mount pump• Eliminates costly motor/gearbox and drive development

• Easy to fit, set up and control via 0-10V or 4-20mA

• Precise, whisper quiet brushless DC motor control

• Designed for applications delivering flows from 0.16ml-6 litre/min

A guaranteed plug and play solution with Watson-Marlow service, reliability and quality built-in.

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Australian drivesure ad Lablife final_Layout 1 30/01/2014 11:50 Page 1

Filtration unitSuitable for filtration of cell suspensions, the Greiner Bio-One

EASYstrainer comes in mesh sizes of 40, 70 and 100 µ which

are colour-coded for easy size identification.

The high-quality strainers fit all standard 50 mL tubes and

come in individual, easy-to-open blister packs. The venting

slot assists with fast flow and prevents overspill.

The addition of a handle allows for aseptic handling and

easy positioning and removal of the unit without coming into

contact with the mesh material.

Interpath Services Pty Ltd


CTC analysis systemThe IsoFlux System, from Fluxion, is an automated enrich-

ment system used to isolate circulating tumour cells (CTCs)

and other rare cells from biological samples prepared for

downstream molecular analysis. Using microfluidic technol-

ogy, the system has high CTC recovery and sample integrity,

with diverse analysis options compared with conventional

cell sorting technologies.

It is said to be the only system that can detect CTCs in

peripheral blood at concentrations of around 1 CTC in a

billion blood cells. With access to a wide range of sample

types including whole blood, fractionated blood, dissoci-

ated tissue and cell cultures, the user can capture cells

using single or multiple antibodies with either prevalidated

or user-defined kits.

The system requires only minimal sample dilution, al-

lowing recovery of target cells that are highly concentrated

with low-volume samples and thereby producing high yield

and purity of cells that are ready for molecular and cell-

based analysis. The unit supports a host of downstream

applications including enumeration, immunofluorescence,

fluorescence in situ hybridisation, next-generation sequenc-

ing, mutation detection and gene expression.

Millennium Science Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/U339

http://www.wmbpumps.com.au


A wide variety of factors affects the choice of analytical instrument - target workload (samples/hour), variety of chemistries, methods required, bench space, staff availability etc. Both discrete and continuous flow systems offer fast,

automated, colorimetric analysis of multiple samples, so the answer really depends on the current and future analytical requirements of the laboratory.

Discrete analysers employ sample trays and discrete reaction wells in which the colorimetric reaction takes place. In contrast, segmented flow analysers (SFA) employ a continuous flow of samples and reagent, segregated by air bubbles within tubing and mixing coils.

In general terms, discrete analysers are ideal when automation is a priority and/or when many and varied tests are needed on differ-ent samples. SFA is ideal when a larger number of samples is to be analysed for a smaller number of chemistries. However, both tech-niques are flexible, so it is important that expert advice is sought in the choice of analyser and that the instrument is configured to meet the precise needs of the laboratory.

Discrete analysersIn order to minimise operator involvement, most discrete analysers are highly automated and simple to set up and run, even overnight. A robotic sampling arm works in conjunction with a stepper motor-driven syringe that is responsible for aspirating, dispensing and mixing accurate and precise quantities of sample and reagent. For example, the SEAL AQ1 and AQ2 discrete analysers can run seven different chemistries from each sample in the same run - and another seven in another run. These instruments have three separate wash stations including a probe washer, so cross-contamination is not a problem. This washing feature means that even ammonia (using phenate), nitrate by cadmium reduction (using ammonium chloride buffer) and low-level phenol can be run together with no issues.

SEAL has also built an auto-dilution feature into the discrete analysers for preparing standards automatically and handling over-range samples. These diluted sample results are automatically bracketed by QC sets.

The reproducibility and detection limits of discrete analysers can be optimised by ensuring that each sample is read in the same optical

glass cuvette with a 10 mm pathlength. The sample is always read in the same position in front of the detector, which eliminates any potential issues with scratching or reaction well variability that can be found with direct-read systems. Since the liquid is moved and not the tray, fewer moving parts maximises reliability.

Most discrete analysers employ miniaturised components to reduce reagent consumption and waste costs - 20 to 400 µL of reagent per sample is achievable.

Segmented flow autoanalysersBased on the original tried and tested technology of the Technicon/Bran Luebbe AutoAnalyser, today’s SFAs deliver fast, accurate analysis for enormous numbers of samples; SEAL’s QuAAtro, for example, can run up to 600 tests/hour. SFAs are also highly automated and once the analyser is configured and the reagents and samples are loaded, reliable unattended operation is a major benefit.

A basic SFA system consists of an autosampler, a peristaltic pump, a chemistry manifold, a detector and AACE data acquisition software. Sample and reagents are pumped continuously through the chemistry manifold and air bubbles are introduced at precisely defined intervals, forming unique reaction segments which are mixed using glass coils. With SFA, even slow reactions run to completion and the ratio of sample to reagents in the detector reaches a constant maximum value; the steady-state condition.

SFAs have been developed for running a few parameters on a larger number of samples. Systems are in use by marine and seawater organisations and others running very low nutrient waters and by tobacco, soil and fertiliser industries around the world. These analys-ers provide maximum sensitivity by ensuring that the reaction always goes to completion, and with a digital true dual-beam detection system with real-time referencing, the highest reproducibility and very lowest detection limits are achieved. In summary, when choosing the most appropriate analytical technique, it is important to consider both the current and likely future needs of the laboratory. In truth, the answer to the question: “Which technique is better?” is: “It depends …”

SEAL Analyticalwww.seal-analytical.com

With both discrete and continuous segmented flow analysers being widely available, choosing the better technique is one of the common decisions facing laboratory managers.

Discrete or continuous flow analysis - which is better?

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Online qPCR assay design toolSigma Life Science offers an enhanced version of its com-

prehensive online qPCR assay design tool - OligoArchitect.

It is a freely available online tool for the automated design

of primers and probes for quantitative real-time PCR assays.

Powered by the industry-standard Beacon Designer platform

from Premier Biosoft, the product supports researchers’ easy

use of Sigma Life Science’s qPCR probes, reagents and

oligonucleotide services.

The easy-to-use software is now able to create designs

with locked nucleic acid (LNA) for dual-labelled probes, mo-

lecular beacons and LightCycler probes. LNA is a DNA base

modification that increases thermal stability and hybridisation

specificity, which in turn allows for easier and more specific

designs for problematic target sequences.

Sigma Aldrich Pty Ltd


Red cell cycle kit for flow cytometryEnzo Life Sciences’ GFP-certified Nuclear-ID

Red Cell Cycle Analysis Kit provides a con-

venient approach for studying the induction

and inhibition of cell cycle progression by

flow cytometry.

The kit is suitable for: determining the per-

centage of cells in a given sample that are

in G0/G1, S and G2/M phases, as well as to

quantify cells in the sub-G1 phase; and DNA

studies in live, permeabilised and fixed cells

for normal cell lines and cell lines exhibiting

multiple ploidy levels. A control cell cycle

perturbation agent, Nocodazole, is provided

for monitoring changes in cell cycle dynamics.

Potential applications for live-cell studies are

in the determination of cellular DNA content

and cell cycle distribution for the detection

of variations in growth patterns, for monitor-

ing apoptosis, and for evaluating tumour cell

behaviour and suppressor gene mechanisms.

The kit’s bright, photostable red dye yields

high sensitivity, plus the highly cell-permeable

dye minimises cell density optimisation. Avail-

able as a complete kit with controls or as a

stand-alone dye, the product is suitable for

multiplexing with green fluorophores, including

GFP and FITC.

United Bioresearch Products


Temperature scannerFluke Calibration introduces the 1586A Super-DAQ Precision Tempera-

ture Scanner. With up to 40 analog input channels and scan rates

as fast as 10 channels/s, the product is suitable for applications

such as thermal mapping, process sensor calibration, quality control

testing, life cycle testing,

process monitoring and

environmental test ing

common in industries

including pharmaceuti-

cal, biotechnology, food

processing, aerospace

and automotive.

With the flexibility of

both internal and external

input modules, the unit is

designed for use on the

factory floor where channel

count and scan speeds are important and in the calibration labora-

tory where accuracy and quick input connections are required. The

device can measure thermocouples, platinum resistance thermom-

eters (PRTs), thermistors, DC current, DC voltage and resistance.

It offers accuracy of ±0.005°C for PRTs, 0.5°C for thermocouples

and 0.002°C for thermistors.

The product has a colour display with channel indicators that can

chart up to four channels simultaneously. It features four modes of

operation (scan, monitor, measure and digital multimeter) and alarms

that indicate when a channel measurement exceeds an assigned

high or low limit. It has 20 MB of onboard memory for storing data

and configuration files, a USB port to collect and store files directly

to a USB drive and a LAN interface for easy connection to PCs and

networks. It also includes a dedicated RS232 interface to control

Fluke Calibration drywells or temperature baths for automated tests.

Fluke Australia Pty Ltd


http://www.kartell.com.au


EDXRF method for elemental analysis of S, V, Ni in crude oilApplied Rigaku Technologies has

published an application report

that details the analysis of sulfur,

vanadium and nickel in crude oil us-

ing the Rigaku NEX QC+ energy dispersive

X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analyser. The report

includes information about sample preparation, method calibration and repeatability.

Sulfur (S), vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) occur naturally in crude oil, but their concentra-

tions vary depending on the geographical region of the oil deposits. Vanadium and nickel

can taint the refining process during crude oil cracking, thereby making crude oil with low

levels of vanadium and nickel advantageous. In oil fields and off-shore wells, a quick and

easy means of screening for vanadium and nickel is essential for characterising the quality

of the crude prior to refining. Rigaku fulfils such analytical industry requirements with the NEX

QC series of EDXRF analysers.

Empirical calibrations were built using a suite of 10 commercially available mineral oil

calibration standards, and two calibration standards were measured in 10 repeat analyses to

demonstrate precision. Analysis was performed using the Rigaku NEX QC+ high-resolution

benchtop EDXRF analyser, optimised for rapid qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis.

The spectra presented demonstrate the multielement capability of the spectrometer for

analysing crude oils and show good sensitivity and detection limits for the critical elements.

Fast and simple, the analyser is a suitable tool for monitoring the concentrations of vanadium

and nickel in crude, as well as the sulfur content, enabling thorough evaluation of the quality

of the refining process.

Australian X-Ray Tubes Pty Ltd


Carbon dioxide transmittersThe Vaisala Carbocap Carbon Di-

oxide Transmitter Series GMT220

is designed to measure carbon

dioxide in harsh and humid envi-

ronments, eg, incubators.

The transmitters incorporate the company’s Carbocap sensor, featuring special reference

measurement capabilities. Its critical parts are made of silicon, giving the sensor good stability

over both time and temperature.

The user has a choice of measurement ranges up to 20% of CO2. The GMT221 is for higher

(%) concentrations of CO2 and the GMT222 for lower (ppm) concentrations of CO2.

The GMT220 probes are interchangeable for easy maintenance. They can be removed and

reattached or replaced at any time, without the need for calibration and adjustment.

Vaisala Pty Ltd


Chilled mirror hygrometerThe S8000 RS from Michell Instru-

ments is a suitable reference instru-

ment for smaller calibration laborato-

ries. The small and light hygrometer

enables small calibration laboratories

to extend their service to humidity

calibration without needing to extend

their premises. The instrument also

suits in-house reference labs at larger

organisations.

The S8000 RS Precision Chilled

Mirror Hygrometer measures dew

points down to -90°C (0.1 ppmv)

with an accuracy of ±0.1°C. However,

unlike many other hygrometers, no ad-

ditional external cooling equipment is

needed to accurately reach these dry

dew points. The product is designed

to fit into a 17″ rack, its compact

design made possible because of

a sophisticated optical system that

detects very small changes in mois-

ture condensed on the mirror surface.

This guarantees high sensitivity and

fast response when measuring low

dew points.

With a high-contrast LCD touch

screen, the device is easy to oper-

ate and interrogate. USB or ethernet

connections are supplied to enable

remote operation and data logging

via a PC or network. The instrument

is available with a 5-point calibration,

traceable to national standards, with

UKAS accredited calibration available.

AMS Instrumentation & Calibration Pty Ltd

Contact info and more items like this at wf.net.au/Q163


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European researchers have found that, by modifying simple imaging devices into mini microscopes, they can prevent the misdiagnosis of parasitic infections - particularly in resource-deficient areas where such infections are common. Their study

has been published in the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.The researchers - from the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland

(FIMM), University of Helsinki and Karolinska Institutet - stated in the study, “Microscopy, being relatively easy to perform at low cost, is the universal diagnostic method for detection of most globally important parasitic infections.” But methods developed in well-equipped labora-tories are difficult to maintain at more basic levels of the healthcare system due to lack of adequately trained personnel and resources - thus, misdiagnosis is common.

The team, led by Dr Johan Lundin and Dr Ewert Linder, claims that novel techniques for high-resolution imaging and image transfer over data networks may help solve these diagnostic problems. As proof, they modified inexpensive imaging devices, including a webcam and a mobile phone camera, into a mini microscope. “Imaging can be done directly on image sensor chips [after removal of the optics], a technique

possible to exploit commercially for the development of inexpensive ‘mini microscopes’,” the researchers said. “Images can be transferred for analysis both visually and by computer vision both at point of care and at remote locations.”

The researchers used their mini microscopes to image the eggs of helminths (parasitic worms) present in the urine and stools of infected individuals. They first used this approach to detect urinary schisto-somiasis, a severely under-diagnosed infection affecting hundreds of millions, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa.

For diagnostics at the point of care, they developed a highly specific pattern-recognition algorithm that analysed the image from the mini microscope and automatically detected the helminth eggs. Four out of five eggs observed visually could be identified.

The resolution of the microscope was dependent on the pixel size of the sensor but sufficient for identification of several pathogenic parasites. The researchers thus concluded that “parasitic worm eggs can be recognised by on-chip imaging using a webcam stripped of the optics” and that their method “offers both an inexpensive alternative to conventional microscopy and diagnostic assistance by computer vision”.

A mini microscope from a mobile phone camera

http://www.storemasta.com.au


my

lab Atomic structures and rotating

anode sourcesBy Lauren Davis

A new facility at the University of Mel-bourne’s School of Physics has become home to a rotating anode source. The machine was installed by a team led by Professor Christopher Chantler, who noted that outside synchrotrons (of which there is only one in Australia), rotating anodes are one of the most powerful laboratory sources of X-rays.

Professor Chantler explained that rotating anodes “use good conductors (copper) spinning at high frequencies to prevent the copper block from melting”. This allows much higher power and “means that you can look at structures, science, questions and collect data much faster and more incisively than with other, weaker sources”, he said.

The machine is said to be the safest X-ray source in Australia, with shielding designed and constructed by the School of Physics and the University/Science Workshop. This means students can confidently carry out critical tests in fundamental atomic physics, relativistic quantum theory, X-ray calibrations and detector technology.

Furthermore, the system is apparently capable of probing fundamental and applied X-ray science in more detail than any other fixed laboratory source. According to Professor Chantler, “This super X-ray machine gives us the capability of mapping the energies of the atom previously inaccessible and unseen by other apparatus.”

The research team has already used the device to conduct experiments on copper atoms, which have an unusually difficult structure. The system was said to demonstrate unprecedented accuracy at the atomic level, finding that “earlier standard theory on copper does not yet explain the quantum mechanics which we observe”, said Professor Chantler. Thus, better understanding of the theory is required.

“By understanding this, we can understand new applications and more complex systems too, including environmental toxicity and remediation of other systems,” he said.

Two further experiments are currently being conducted in the lab, both in atomic physics. “Later there will be experiments testing new detector technology,” said Professor Chantler, “and we expect further experiments in such fields as genetics.” Indeed, the machine will be of interest to the chemical, biological and physical sci-ences, with the X-rays unlocking new information about the electronic properties of materials at the atomic level.

The system has already received interest from Bruker and Berthold, with representatives stating that developments of new technology provide great opportunities for spin-offs and commercial development. In the meantime, though, it will be used to train students in the use of high-brightness sources, opening up opportunities at synchrotrons and free electron lasers.

Professor Chantler is excited not only by the answers which will be provided by the device, but also the questions.

“The ability to question our world in new ways is perhaps one of our fundamental purposes of being here,” he said.

“We should not just be thinking about immediate fast-food rewards in science or technology but about transforming, empowering opportunities.”

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What’s New in LAB & Life Sciences Feb/Mar 2014

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