Whatisgis introduction

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Introduction to GIS Introduction to GIS June 13, 2011 June 13, 2011

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Transcript of Whatisgis introduction

Page 1: Whatisgis introduction

Introduction to GISIntroduction to GIS

June 13, 2011June 13, 2011

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Introducing GIS conceptsIntroducing GIS concepts

•• What is a GISWhat is a GIS

•• Five generic questions that a Five generic questions that a sophisticated GIS can answersophisticated GIS can answer

2

sophisticated GIS can answersophisticated GIS can answer

•• Components of geographic dataComponents of geographic data

•• GIS functionsGIS functions

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Five generic questions that a Five generic questions that a sophisticated GIS can answersophisticated GIS can answer

•• Location Location

What is at ….?What is at ….?

•• ConditionCondition

Where is it ?Where is it ?

2

Where is it ?Where is it ?

•• TrendsTrends

What has changed since … ?What has changed since … ?

•• PatternsPatterns

What spatial patterns exists ?What spatial patterns exists ?

•• ModelingModeling

What if … ?What if … ?

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LocationLocation

France flashes

•• Locate a specific feature or attributeLocate a specific feature or attribute

2

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ConditionCondition

2

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TrendsTrendsChanges in the same area but in different

seasons

2

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GIS is used for decision makingGIS is used for decision making ……

2

GIS is used for decision makingGIS is used for decision making ……

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GIS definitionGIS definitionAn organized collection of computer hardware,An organized collection of computer hardware,

software,software,

geographic data & geographic data & personnel personnel

designed designed

to to efficiently efficiently

capture , capture ,

2

capture , capture ,

store, store,

update, update,

manipulate,manipulate,

analyze ,analyze ,

and display and display

all forms of geographically referenced information.all forms of geographically referenced information.

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What is a GIS?What is a GIS?•• An integration of five basic componentsAn integration of five basic components

2A

Procedures

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Analyze

Store Display

Capture

GIS functionsGIS functions

2

Query

Store Display

Output

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1) Data Capturing1) Data Capturing

2

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Remote SensingRemote Sensing

LANDSATLANDSAT

•• Landsat (TM)Landsat (TM)

•• RadarSATRadarSAT

•• NOAANOAA

SPOTSPOT

•• SPOTSPOT

LANDSATLANDSAT

RADARSATRADARSAT

NOAANOAA

•• NOAANOAA

ERSERS

•• ERSERS

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Remote SensingRemote Sensing

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Global Positioning SystemsGlobal Positioning Systems

•• GPS is a revolutionary GPS is a revolutionary navigation systemnavigation system

–– 24 satellites orbiting the 24 satellites orbiting the earthearth

–– Provide location within Provide location within –– Provide location within Provide location within metres or less anywhere on metres or less anywhere on the globe.the globe.

–– Now available in many cars Now available in many cars as an option as an option

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Capturing dataCapturing data

Paper maps Digital dataGIS

2

GPS

1,543.42 2223.54

2,582.32 5947.65

3,577.22 6548.52

4,857.66 9856.56

5,875.25 6582.12

Coordinates

Paper maps Digital dataGIS

Data

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Features as vector & rasterFeatures as vector & raster

Vector

PointsPoints LinesLines PolygonsPolygons

2

Raster

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Abstracting realAbstracting real--world entitiesworld entities

•• RealReal--world entities can be abstracted world entities can be abstracted into three basic shapesinto three basic shapes

Geographic

database

2

Lines/Arcs/Routes

(Streets)

Areas/Polygons/Regions

(Land uses)

Points

(Retail stores)

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Linking features and attributesLinking features and attributes•• Feature classes have an associated tableFeature classes have an associated table

•• Each feature has a record in the tableEach feature has a record in the table

–– Unique identifier links feature and attributesUnique identifier links feature and attributes

2

FID = 4103

(Feature IDentifier)

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Landlocked

countries with

a population

greater than Uzbekistan

QueryQuery•• Identifying features based on conditionsIdentifying features based on conditions

2

greater than

20,000,000

Uzbekistan

Ethiopia

A

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What is a GIS?What is a GIS?

•• A Method of Organizing DataA Method of Organizing Data–– Geographic Data (Maps)Geographic Data (Maps)

–– Descriptive Data (Databases)Descriptive Data (Databases)

((GGeographic eographic IInformation nformation SSystem)ystem)

–– Descriptive Data (Databases)Descriptive Data (Databases)

–– ImagesImages

•• A Method of Distributing DataA Method of Distributing Data

•• A Method of Analyzing DataA Method of Analyzing Data

•• A Method of Visualizing DataA Method of Visualizing Data

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GIS GIS –– Describing Our WorldDescribing Our World

We can describe any We can describe any element of our world element of our world in in twotwo ways:ways:

Attribute Information:Attribute Information:

What is it?What is it?What is it?What is it?

Species: OakSpecies: Oak

Height: 15mHeight: 15m

Age: 75 YrsAge: 75 Yrs

Condition: Condition:

GoodGood

Location Information: Location Information:

Where is it?Where is it?

5151°°N, 112N, 112°°WW

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GIS GIS -- Links DatasetsLinks Datasets

•• GIS software links the GIS software links the location data and the location data and the attribute data:attribute data:

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GIS GIS -- AnalysisAnalysis

•• GIS software can answer GIS software can answer questions about our world:questions about our world:

What provinces border

Spatial Questions:Spatial Questions:

What provinces have more

than 1.5 million people?

Attribute Questions:Attribute Questions:

What provinces border

Saskatchewan?

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How GIS worksHow GIS works

•• In a GIS, different types of In a GIS, different types of information are represented information are represented as separate map layersas separate map layers

•• Each layer is linked to Each layer is linked to descriptive informationdescriptive information

•• Layers are combined to make Layers are combined to make a mapa map

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GIS GIS -- AnalysisAnalysis

•• GIS can analyze data in many ways:GIS can analyze data in many ways:

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Summary Summary -- What is GIS?What is GIS?

•• GIS is about using data to describe our GIS is about using data to describe our world in two ways:world in two ways:

–– Location Data Location Data -- Where is it?Where is it?

–– Attribute Data Attribute Data -- What is it?What is it?

•• GIS software maintains a link between GIS software maintains a link between layers of location and attribute datalayers of location and attribute data

–– With the link, we can ask questions about With the link, we can ask questions about our world…our world…

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GIS Technology Is Increasingly GIS Technology Is Increasingly Common in Today's Applications.Common in Today's Applications.

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Tsunami ReliefTsunami Relief

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Hurricane Tracking and Hurricane Tracking and ResponseResponse

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Agriculture / Suitability AnalysisAgriculture / Suitability Analysis

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Municipalities / PlanningMunicipalities / Planning

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Health CareHealth Care

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TelecommunicationTelecommunication

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CartographyCartography

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School District AdminSchool District Admin

•• School mapping and School mapping and redistrictingredistricting

•• Enrollment analysisEnrollment analysis

•• Facilities Facilities •• Facilities Facilities managementmanagement

•• School School transportation transportation

•• Staff/student Staff/student location analysislocation analysis

•• School safetySchool safety

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Classroom ApplicationsClassroom Applications

•• HistoryHistory•• Earth ScienceEarth Science•• Social StudiesSocial Studies•• BiologyBiology•• Environmental Environmental •• Environmental Environmental StudiesStudies

•• Political Political ScienceScience

•• MathematicsMathematics•• EconomicsEconomics•• BusinessBusiness•• Computer Computer ScienceScience

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Creation of DEMCreation of DEM

Edulapaka

and

BhilimiliGollalapale

m

Nadupuru

Reserved

Forest

and

Bonangi

Bay of

Bengal

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Possible RoutesPossible Routes

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Identification of Ground water Identification of Ground water Potential ZonesPotential Zones

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Landuse/Land cover changesLanduse/Land cover changes

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Flood ModellingFlood Modelling

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Automatic Delineation of StreamsAutomatic Delineation of Streams

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View the surveyed GPS data in View the surveyed GPS data in Google EarthGoogle Earth

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Measure the distance from one Measure the distance from one place to other place to other

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Overlay the images one above the Overlay the images one above the otherother

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DigitizationDigitization

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Create Contour values Create Contour values automaticallyautomatically

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Creation of DEM and TINCreation of DEM and TIN

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3D View 3D View –– Buildings in Google Buildings in Google EarthEarth

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3D View in Arc Scene3D View in Arc Scene

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Optimum routing/possible routesOptimum routing/possible routes

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Buffer AnalysisBuffer Analysis

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Preparation of Thematic MapsPreparation of Thematic Maps

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Overlaying of thematic mapsOverlaying of thematic maps


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