What You Should Know About STIs Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health (PEER)...

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What You Should What You Should Know About STIs Know About STIs Partnership for Environmental Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health Education and Rural Health (PEER) (PEER) http://peer.tamu.edu http://peer.tamu.edu ) ) Texas A&M University Texas A&M University
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Transcript of What You Should Know About STIs Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health (PEER)...

What You What You Should Know Should Know About STIsAbout STIs

Partnership for Environmental Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health (PEER)Education and Rural Health (PEER)

http://peer.tamu.eduhttp://peer.tamu.edu))Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University

What is an STI?What is an STI?

STI stands for sexually transmitted STI stands for sexually transmitted infection.infection.

Sometimes an STI is referred to as an Sometimes an STI is referred to as an STD, a sexually transmitted STD, a sexually transmitted diseasedisease..

An STI is a disease that is passed from An STI is a disease that is passed from one person to another through sexual one person to another through sexual activity.activity.

Some STIs can be transmitted through Some STIs can be transmitted through nonsexual means as well.nonsexual means as well.

What causes an STI?What causes an STI?

STIs, like other diseases, are STIs, like other diseases, are caused by microscopic organisms caused by microscopic organisms that are not normally in your that are not normally in your body.body.

They can be caused by bacteria, They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.viruses, or parasites.

Why Is This Important?Why Is This Important?

STIs can cause a variety of STIs can cause a variety of symptoms, from discomfort, to symptoms, from discomfort, to permanent bodily damage, to permanent bodily damage, to death.death.

AIDS, an STI, is the leading cause AIDS, an STI, is the leading cause of death worldwide among those of death worldwide among those age 15-59.age 15-59.

STIs can be passed from a STIs can be passed from a pregnant mother to her child.pregnant mother to her child.

How can I avoid How can I avoid getting an STI?getting an STI? Be safe and be smart!Be safe and be smart!

Avoid unsafe situationsAvoid unsafe situations Educate yourself about STIsEducate yourself about STIs

Ready to learn more?Ready to learn more?

The following slides will tell you The following slides will tell you more about specific STIs. more about specific STIs.

See if you can spot any general See if you can spot any general trends.trends.

Bacterial STIsBacterial STIs

A photomicrograph of the bacterium that causes syphilis.Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

ChlamydiaChlamydia

Caused by the bacterium Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatisChlamydia trachomatis. (note: . (note: bacterium is the singular form of bacterium is the singular form of bacteria)bacteria)

Symptoms (primarily in males, Symptoms (primarily in males, appear 1-3 weeks after infection):appear 1-3 weeks after infection):– genital dischargegenital discharge– painful urination.painful urination.

Can be cured with antibiotics.Can be cured with antibiotics.

ChlamydiaChlamydia

Can lead to pelvic inflammatory Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause disease, which can cause infertility in women.infertility in women.

3 million new cases a year (the 3 million new cases a year (the most common bacterial STI).most common bacterial STI).

ChlamydiaChlamydia

This is a picture of the bacteria that cause chlamydia, taken using a light microscope.

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

GonorrheaGonorrhea

Caused by the bacterium Caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeaeNeisseria gonorrhoeae..

Symptoms (primarily in males, Symptoms (primarily in males, appear 1 to 14 days after appear 1 to 14 days after infection):infection):– genital dischargegenital discharge– painful urination.painful urination.

Can be cured with antibiotics.Can be cured with antibiotics.

GonorrheaGonorrhea

Can cause pelvic inflammatory Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause disease, which can cause infertility in women.infertility in women.

700,000 new cases in the U.S. 700,000 new cases in the U.S. each year.each year.

GonorrheaGonorrhea

This is a picture of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea, taken using an electron microscope.

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

SyphilisSyphilis

Caused by the bacterium Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidumTreponema pallidum..

Can be cured with antibiotics, Can be cured with antibiotics, but any damage done to the but any damage done to the body cannot be reversed.body cannot be reversed.

SyphilisSyphilis

Develops in three stages over several Develops in three stages over several years:years:1.1. (3-4 weeks after infection) a sore forms (3-4 weeks after infection) a sore forms

near genitalia or near the mouth.near genitalia or near the mouth.

2.2. (2-6 months after infection) a red rash (2-6 months after infection) a red rash forms on the face hands, or feet.forms on the face hands, or feet.

3.3. (later) serious brain and heart (later) serious brain and heart complications.complications.

About 32,000 cases in America every About 32,000 cases in America every year.year.

SyphilisSyphilis

This is a picture of the bacterium that causes syphilis, taken using a light microscope.

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

SyphilisSyphilis

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

These images show symptoms associated with the various stages of syphilis. The picture on the left shows a sore associated with primary syphilis. The picture in the middle shows a rash associated with secondary syphilis. The picture on the right shows damage to the leg resulting from tertiary (late stage) syphilis.

Viral STIsViral STIs

An electron micrograph of the human immunodeficiency virus.Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

AIDSAIDS

Caused by human immunodeficiency Caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).virus (HIV).

Symptoms (do not emerge for several Symptoms (do not emerge for several years):years):– FatigueFatigue– rapid weight lossrapid weight loss– night sweatsnight sweats– whitish coating on the tonguewhitish coating on the tongue– purplish growths on the skin.purplish growths on the skin.

AIDSAIDS

HIV attacks the immune system, HIV attacks the immune system, making you susceptible to other making you susceptible to other infections and diseases.infections and diseases.

Antiviral drugs can slow the Antiviral drugs can slow the progress of the disease, but they progress of the disease, but they cannot cure an infected person.cannot cure an infected person.

900,000 people are currently 900,000 people are currently infected in the U.S.infected in the U.S.

AIDSAIDS

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

On the left is a photo of HIV virus particles, taken using an electron microscope. The patient on the right has oral hairy leukoplakia, which is caused by a different virus. People with AIDS becoem more succeptible to this and other infections, because AIDS attacks their immune systems.

Genital HerpesGenital Herpes

Caused by herpes simplex virus Caused by herpes simplex virus type 2.type 2.

Symptoms include blisters and Symptoms include blisters and sores in the genital region that sores in the genital region that last for 1 or 2 weeks.last for 1 or 2 weeks.

Symptoms can disappear for long Symptoms can disappear for long periods, but the virus never periods, but the virus never leaves the body.leaves the body.

Genital HerpesGenital Herpes

Antiviral drugs can help control Antiviral drugs can help control outbreaks of symptoms, but outbreaks of symptoms, but cannot cure an infected person.cannot cure an infected person.

Affects at least 45 million Affects at least 45 million Americans, with 1 million new Americans, with 1 million new cases a year.cases a year.

Genital HerpesGenital Herpes

This is a picture of herpes simplex virus particles, taken using an electron microscope.

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

Hepatitis BHepatitis B

Caused by the hepatitis B virus.Caused by the hepatitis B virus. Symptoms:Symptoms:

– yellow skinyellow skin– FeverFever– loss of appetiteloss of appetite– TirednessTiredness– joint pain.joint pain.

Can cause severe liver damage.Can cause severe liver damage. Can be prevented with a vaccine.Can be prevented with a vaccine.

Hepatitis BHepatitis B

About 90% of adults who are infected About 90% of adults who are infected with hepatitis will have no symptoms with hepatitis will have no symptoms and will be cured automatically.and will be cured automatically.

The other 10% develop a chronic The other 10% develop a chronic infection that cannot be cured.infection that cannot be cured.

About 78,000 Americans are infected About 78,000 Americans are infected with hepatitis B each year, and there with hepatitis B each year, and there are 1.25 million Americans currently are 1.25 million Americans currently infected.infected.

Hepatitis BHepatitis B

On the left is a photograph of hepatitis B virus particles, taken using an electron microscope. The patient on the right has a distended abdomen from a chronic hepatitis B infection.

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

Human papillomavirusHuman papillomavirus

Caused by human papillomavirus Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).(HPV).

Some strains can lead to genital Some strains can lead to genital warts (symptoms usually do not warts (symptoms usually do not emerge for 1-3 months).emerge for 1-3 months).

Some strains can lead to certain Some strains can lead to certain cancers.cancers.

Human papillomavirusHuman papillomavirus

Warts are treated by applying a Warts are treated by applying a drug to the skin or by freezing the drug to the skin or by freezing the warts.warts.

About 20 million Americans are About 20 million Americans are currently infected, and about 6.2 currently infected, and about 6.2 million Americans get a new million Americans get a new infection every year.infection every year.

Parasitic STIsParasitic STIs

A photo of the pubic louse.Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

Pubic LicePubic Lice

Caused by the insect Caused by the insect Phthirus Phthirus pubispubis..

Symptoms:Symptoms:– itching in the genital regionitching in the genital region– visible lice or eggs.visible lice or eggs.

Can be cured with insecticidesCan be cured with insecticides

Pubic LicePubic Lice

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

On the left is a photo of a pubic louse (louse is the singular form of lice). On the right is a patient infected with public lice.

ScabiesScabies

Caused by the mite Caused by the mite Sarcoptes Sarcoptes scabieiscabiei (related to the spider) (related to the spider)

Symptoms:Symptoms:– ItchingItching– rash.rash.

Cured with insecticidesCured with insecticides

ScabiesScabies

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

On the left is the mite that causes scabies. On the right is a person infected with scabies.

TrichomoniasisTrichomoniasis

Caused by the parasitic protozoan Caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalisTrichomonas vaginalis..

Symptoms (usually occur only in Symptoms (usually occur only in females):females):– genital dischargegenital discharge– itching.itching.

TrichomoniasisTrichomoniasis

Can be cured with drugs.Can be cured with drugs. About 7.4 million cases per year About 7.4 million cases per year

in the U.S.in the U.S.

TrichomoniasisTrichomoniasis

This is a picture of the parasite that causes trichomoniasis, taken using a light microscope.

Courtesy of: the CDC Public Health Image Library

Did you see any Did you see any trends?trends? See if you can answer the See if you can answer the

following questions before you following questions before you look at the answerslook at the answers

Can all STIs be cured?Can all STIs be cured?

No. If an STI is caused by a No. If an STI is caused by a bacterium or a parasite, it can bacterium or a parasite, it can usually be cured. If it is caused usually be cured. If it is caused by a virus, though, it cannot by a virus, though, it cannot usually be cured.usually be cured.

Do all STIs show Do all STIs show symptoms?symptoms? No. Some STIs, like human No. Some STIs, like human

papillomavirus and hepatitis B, only papillomavirus and hepatitis B, only show symptoms in a small percentage show symptoms in a small percentage of the people who become infected. of the people who become infected. Others, like chlamydia and gonorrhea Others, like chlamydia and gonorrhea show symptoms primarily in one sex show symptoms primarily in one sex and not the other. Even if an STI does and not the other. Even if an STI does not show symptoms, though, it can still not show symptoms, though, it can still be transmitted to other people.be transmitted to other people.

How do you know if How do you know if you have an STI?you have an STI? The only way to be certain is to The only way to be certain is to

see a doctor. If you show any of see a doctor. If you show any of these symptoms or if you have these symptoms or if you have been exposed to any of these been exposed to any of these diseases, you should get yourself diseases, you should get yourself tested, since many STIs are tested, since many STIs are treatable and even curable.treatable and even curable.

Want to learn even Want to learn even more?more?

Click on these links for more Click on these links for more information:information:

Fact sheetFact sheet from the National from the National Institutes of HealthInstitutes of Health

Fact sheetFact sheet from the Australian from the Australian Medical AssociationMedical Association

Informative websiteInformative website from from iwannaknow.orgiwannaknow.org