What you should have learned in First Year Chemistry!!! But in case you have forgotten here are...
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Transcript of What you should have learned in First Year Chemistry!!! But in case you have forgotten here are...
What you should have learned in First Year Chemistry!!!
But in case you have forgotten here are review notes. You will find links
to Quizlet on the wiki page.
What Can We MeasureMeasuremen
tDefinition Common Units
Length Measure distance Meter (m), cm
Volume 3-D space occupied by a substance
Liter (L), mL, cm3
Mass Quantity of matter present in an object
Gram (g), kg
Temperature Measures average kinetic energy of particle in matter
Kelvin (K), °C, °F
Amount of particles
Number of particles Moles (mol)
Pressure The weight of the air mass on the Earth
Atm, Pa, psi, mmHg, torr
Energy The capacity to do work Joules (J), calories
Math with Scientific Notation
Easiest way – use your exponent key on your calculator, look for “EE” or “EXP”
Quick and Easy – at least for x and /– Multiply coefficients and add exponents– Divide coefficients and subtract exponents
Uncertainty in Measurements
• When making a measurement, record all certain numbers plus one uncertain number– Certain number – ones that you can
read off the instrument used for measurement
– Uncertain number – one that you estimate
• Measurements always have some degree of uncertainty. (Estimation)
Significant Figures or Sig Figs ( we love to hate
them)
• All certain numbers plus one uncertain number
WHY, WHY, WHY do we study them?• Keeps our results of calculations from
being more accurate than our measurements
• “A chain is only as strong as its weakest link”
Rules for Counting Sig Figs1. All nonzero numbers are significant.
ex. 465 – 3 sig figs2. Zeros
Type Definition Do they count?
Examples
Leading Precede all nonzero digits
Never Count
0.0025 – 2 sig fig0.0188 – 3 sig fig
Captive Fall between two nonzero digits
AlwaysCount
2.004 – 4 sig fig101 – 3 sig fig
Trailing Come at the end of a number
Count w/ decimal
4.630 – 4 sig fig100. – 3 sig fig10 – 1 sig fig
Math with Sig FigsMultiplication and Division –Number of sig figs is the result of the
measurement with the smallest number of sig figs
Addition and Subtraction – 1) Align the decimal points2) Carry out the calculation3) The measurement with the fewest
decimal places to the right determines the sig figs in your answer.
Polyatomic Ions and Elements
Go to the wiki page for these lists.You will also find links to Quizlet so that you can study both of these topics.https://quizlet.com/_8rbwdhttps://quizlet.com/_8rc18https://quizlet.com/_7zmid
Equipment
• You will find an equipment list on the wikipage.
• Here is the link to practice on Quizlet.https://quizlet.com/_fdoup
Matter
• Here are some YouTube links to review matter, including elements, compounds, heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures. As well please review the videos that have information on physical vs chemical.
https://youtu.be/Y49_w5jH_Vc?list=FLQAj4ljh-Sp5SDtrKBX7KSghttps://youtu.be/U50qw3HTvc4?list=FLQAj4ljh-Sp5SDtrKBX7KSghttps://youtu.be/gCbqjs-pqJo?list=FLQAj4ljh-Sp5SDtrKBX7KSghttps://youtu.be/oF0lN0jZYx0?list=FLQAj4ljh-Sp5SDtrKBX7KSg
Periodic Table
• Please watch the following video to review the history and structure of the Periodic Table.
https://youtu.be/0RRVV4Diomg