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What will we learn today?10.4.1 The rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism.
10.4.2 The locations of colonial rule of such nations as England, France, etc.
10.4.3 Imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized.
Unit 4: Imperialism
Pretend you are an imperialist who is
setting out to conquer new land. Pick a place on the
map to conquer and explain why.
Strategic location, good agriculture
Strategic location to cut through Americas
Natural resources, diamonds
Natural resources, timber and rubber
OIL
Natural resources, stones, spices, and consumers
Natural resources, coal, iron, minerals
Reflection How did your group and other
groups act when you were marking your territories?
Do you think this was a fair way to claim land?
If unclaimed land remains, who should get it?
11.1 The Scramble for Africa
Big IdeaIgnoring the claims of African ethnic groups,
kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans established colonies. African nations continue
to feel the effects of the colonial presence more than 100 years later.
Objectives Describe Africa before European domination.
Summarize the motives of European colonizers and the factors that allowed them
to control Africa. Identify the three groups that clashed in
South Africa.
Essential QuestionHow did the Industrial Revolution lead to
European colonization? What were the effects of colonization on Africa?
ImperialismA policy in which a
strong nation seeks to dominate
other countries politically,
economically, or socially.
Industrialization to Imperialism
• The Industrial Revolution pushed Europe to find more. resources to fuel their industries
• They competed for new markets and goods Africa became the target.
• Colonial Powers seized vast areas of Africa during the 19th and 20 centuries.
Check for UnderstandingWhat continent was a target for
European imperialism?
Africa Before European DominanceThe African People: Ethnic groups – hundreds Languages – there were more than a thousand Religion – mainly traditional, also Islamic or Christian Politically – large empires to small tribes
Africa is a CONTINENT not a country… In case you forgot!
Europeans
actually controlled very little
African territory at
the beginning of the 19th century.
Check for UnderstandingIs having thousands of languages going to help Africa defend itself
or hurt it?
Check for UnderstandingWhat is Africa: country or
continent?
Check for UnderstandingWhy was most of the European
territory on the coast?
Europeans saw Africa as an
unoccupied land waiting to be
taken.
Myth of the “Dark Continent”
• Europeans were unable to penetrate the interior of Africa because of disease and travel difficulties.
• Dr. David Livingstone and Henry Stanley
• Stanley – an American journalist found Livingstone and then charted the Congo
• King Leopold II of Belgium began to claim parts of the Congo through treaties made by Stanley. This began the land scramble.
The African Congo
Check for UnderstandingWas King Leopold II’s interest in
Africa good or bad for native Africans?
“I don't want to miss the chance of getting us a slice of this magnificentAfrican cake.”
King Leopold II of Belgium
Africa
Congo
Soldiers in the Belgian Congo
Congo Rain Forest
Downtown Kinshasa
Do you agree with this statement:
Successful people have earned their success through
hard work.
Do you agree with this statement:
I don’t feel bad that we killed all the Indians. Survival of the fittest, baby.
.
Social theory (based on Charles Darwin’s scientific theories) that said
that those who were fittest for
survival enjoyed wealth and
success and were considered superior to
others.
SOCIAL DARWINISM
Line up around the room according to your shirt color
Blue shirtsGreen shirtsYellow shirtsRed shirtsOrange shirtsBrown shirtsBlack shirts White shirts
So
cial Darw
inism
Smartest and most evolved!
Dumb and need the blue shirts help to educate and
civilize you
Driving Forces of Imperialism
European nations needed natural resources and markets for their goods to improve their economies.
Belief in European Superiority:1. National pride2. Competition3. Racism4. Social Darwinism
Check for UnderstandingWhat were the driving forces of
imperialism?
Cecil Rhodes stated “I contend that we are the finest race in the world, and the more we inhabit the better it is for the human race.”
RACIST ATTITUDES
De Beers Diamonds
Check for UnderstandingDoes it bother you, or will you still buy
diamonds?
The Europeans believed that an empire was proof of a nation’s greatness.
Each nation was determined to take as much territory as possible.
Check for UnderstandingIn order to be a strong nation, you needed to have a large?
What is the author trying to say?
White Man’s Burden
This idea that is the White Man’s duty to civilize the world’s
“savages.” This was a justification for taking
over foreign lands.
Check for UnderstandingTell me the White Man’s Burden in your own words…
Check for UnderstandingDo you think that native populations should be forced to attend school, establish government, end brutal ceremonies, etc?
Reality.......
White Man’s Burden
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iKnW3OxM0o&feature=fvw
•Do you think that these country’s needed “help?”
•Do you think in the long run imperialism will help these countries?
•What is the persons perspective who made the video?
• Machine gun – superior weaponry
• Steam engine: boats and trains – made travel easier
• Variety of language and culture – did not encourage unity amongst Africans
• Rivalry amongst ethnic groups – kept Africans from uniting against the Europeans
European Advantages
Maxim gun
Check for UnderstandingWhich of the four advantages do you think was most important?
The Division of Africa
• The discovery of diamonds
and gold caused countries
to join in the land scramble
• Berlin Conference (1884-
85)- 14 European countries
met to divide up African
lands. A country could land
claim by notifying other
countries and controlling
the area
No African ruler was
invited to attend
Check for UnderstandingWhat was decided at the Berlin Conference?
Check for UnderstandingHow many representatives from Africa were at the Berlin Conference?
The Zulus
Shaka Zulu A Zulu Family
South Africa
West Coast National Park
Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Zulu Tribe
Zulu Tribe
Zulu Dance
The Clash Over Africa
• Three groups mainly fought over Africa: Africans, Dutch and British– Europeans saw the lands as
empty
• Local Wars in South Africa – (Zulus v. British)
• Shaka Zulu controlled a large centralized state. When he died the British invaded the Zulu nation and was defeated by their superior weaponry.
Check for UnderstandingWhat was the name of the African tribe that was most troublesome for the British to defeat?
Local Wars in South Africa Continued
Boer Wars (Boers v. British)– Boers are Dutch farmers, also known as Afrikaners who
settled in South Africa• Diamonds and gold were discovered in S.
Africa a rush of people came to get rich• A rebellion broke out – the Boers blamed the
British– This was the first “total” war
• Ultimately the British won the war
Check for UnderstandingHow many representatives from Africa were at the Berlin Conference?
Check for UnderstandingWho won the Boer War?
SummaryHow did Industrialization lead to
Imperialism?
Political CartoonDraw a political
cartoon representing the concept of Social Darwinism and White Man’s Burden
Assignment:European Imperialism in Africa
Name______________________Date___________ Per___
Who had the biggest piece of the “cake”?
ReminderQuiz next class on geography.
Study your map!