What was it like to live in the Middle Ages?
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What was it like to live in the Middle Ages?
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The 3 languages in the Middle Ages
– Clergy• Latin chiefly spoken, those who
pray
– Nobles• French chiefly spoken, those who
fight
– Commoners• English spoken, those who work
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feudalism• Feudalism created ties of
obedience and a sense of loyalty between the vassals and their lord.
• Commoners (peasants) lived on a feudal manor. The lord of the manor gave his vassals (the peasants) land to farm.
• In return, the vassals received protection. Yet they were taxed and had to give a portion of their crops to the lord.
A tenant (vassal) renews his oath of fealty to his lord
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Chivalry • A product of feudalism,
chivalry was an idealized system of manners and morals– Restricted to nobility
• The Medieval knight was bound to the chivalric code to be loyal to…– God– his lord– his lady
• Chivalric ideals include...– benevolence– brotherly love– politeness
• Sir Gawain is an example
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The crusades• 1095 First Crusade to
reclaim Jerusalem from the infidels– Open trade routes– Peasants (the vassals) are
liberated from their lords to fight, and die, in the Holy Lands
– Cities spring up along the crusade routes
– Feudalism dies out– the transition to the
Renaissance begins
• Sadly, with the Crusades, the Church becomes incredibly corrupt.– Popes fight for political
power– Greed is rampant
• selling of indulgences• Crusades for $
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With the Crusades comes The Black Death
• spreads along trade routes• kills much of the population• the plague outbreaks occur
through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance
• Paradoxically, the Plague provides for continued growth in cities– Afterwards, hundreds of new jobs
available– Many debts “died off” with creditors
• also contributed to society’s culture
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Late Middle Ages• The rise of the merchants• Usury • Towards the bourgeoisie:
The guilds• The printing press:
William Caxton: Spread of education beyond the monasteries and the church
• Important Middle Ages technologies
Water Wheel
Eyeglasses
Gunpowder
Mechanical Clock
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Literature During the Medieval Period
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Characteristics of Medieval Literature
• Prose (French influence): Romance– Le morte d’Arthur– A narrative in prose that tells of the adventures and heroic
exploits of chivalric heroes at the court of king Arthur• often a supernatural element involved
• Poetry: A new literature in English: The Canterbury tales verse tales (Chaucer); the ballad
• Drama (Christian influence): mistery, miracle & morality plays