What vs. Why The Attribution Process. On the importance of attributions.
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What vs. Why The Attribution Process
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Transcript of What vs. Why The Attribution Process. On the importance of attributions.
What vs. WhyThe Attribution Process
On the importance of attributions
OutlineBasic distinction: internal vs.
external attributionsKelley’s covariation model*Discounting vs. augmentationThe Self
– Personal attributional style (pessimistic vs. optimistic)
– Ability vs. effort on task performance/ intelligence
Biases in attributions
Internal vs. external attributions
Discounting vs. augmentation
pessimistic vs. optimistic attributional styles
Pessimists explain/see negative events as– Global
Nothing goes right in my life I’m a loser I can’t do anything right
– Internal it’s always my fault…
– Stable it’ll always be that way…
Some amazing data: Peterson, Seligman, &
Valliant (1988)How explanatory styles can predict
health decades later…
Attributions about performance and general intelligence:
Ability vs. effort
Carol Dweck’s work on male vs. female styles
– Dweck, Davidson, Nelson, & Enna (1978)
Biases in attributionsSelf-serving bias
–Ubiquitous (e.g. athletics)
