What Strategies help to Promote the Health of Individuals.notebook - Stage 6 PDHPE...
Transcript of What Strategies help to Promote the Health of Individuals.notebook - Stage 6 PDHPE...
Critical Question 3 What Strategies help to Promote the Health of Individuals.notebook
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Core 1: Critical Question 3
Heading: What Strategies help to Promote the Health of Individuals
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Sub: What is Health Promotion
• Health promotion aims to improve the skills and capabilities of individuals in order to foster improved health
• It focuses on actions that prevent poor health from occurring or recurring.
• It is not about treating poor health after it has occurred.• WHO (World Health Organisation) refers to it as ‘enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health’.
A Pathway to health promotion
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Heading: Who is Responsible for Health Promotion
Individuals, groups and governments need to work together. They cannot work separately.
Responsibility for health Promotion
Individuals
Community Groups/Schools
Non Government Organisations
GovernmentsInternational Organisations
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Sub: Individuals
The Individual plays a large role. Options and resources can be provided, however, it is still up to the individual’s responsibility to develop and promote healthy behaviours.
How can individuals do this?• Can keep well informed of new developments• Are active participants in the health education• Behave in a safe and healthy way• Promote health with their families and peers• Participate and support actions in their workplace.
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Sub: Community Groups/Schools• Provide services that are appropriate for their community (eg. Walking clubs)
• Provides focus on health services and education at the local level
• Provide access to knowledge, resources and skills that promote change
• Write your own examples
>Local councils, >Gyms, >Health Curriculum, >Healthy Canteen, >No Hat No Play >Sporting clubs
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Sub:Non Government Organisations• Include lobby groups, special interest groups and political pressure groups. (eg. Pedestrian Council of NSW, Cancer Council, Greenpeace, Heart foundation, Asthma Foundation, Black Dog Institute.)• Influences governments and decision‐makers • Collect information and data through research• Provide the public with information (marketing)
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Sub: GovernmentsSub sub: Federal or Commonweath
• Steers and coordinates policies and directions• National campaigns, strategies health policies• Work with state gov’ts to integrate policies• Support research, monitor programs• Funding for states
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RTA Strategies 'No one thinks big of you' ,
'No belt No brain',
'Microsleeps'.
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Sub sub: State • Mainly deliver primary health services through hospitals and clinics.
• Can be delivered through schools and local community agencies
Sub Sub: Local Councils
• Implement Federal and State initiatives• Main duties are in the areas of
> Food safety, sewage management, water quality.> Swimming pool safety, fencing> Injury prevention and safety promotion> Promote physical activity and nutrition
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Sub: International OrganisationsWorld Health Organisation (WHO)‑ provides leadership on global health‑ sets priorities on health research‑ provides support‑ assesses global health trends
United Nations (UN)‑ better living standards‑ develop relationships‑ promote human rights‑ maintain peace and security
Question Outline the main aims of health promotion?
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Question Outline the main aims of health promotion?
* Achieve better health for all.
* Health promotion is aimed at improving social, economic, environmental, behavioural and lifestyle factors to enable better health for all individuals.
* It enables people to increase control over health and its determinants and therefore improve their health.
* Provides empowerment of the individual and recognition over health influences.
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Heading: Health Promotion Approaches and Strategies
- Lifestyle/Behavioural approach- Public Health Approach- Preventative Medical Approach
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Sub: Individual Lifestyle ApproachThese programs aim to develop skills and empower people to take control of their behaviour and attitudes.
Examples include:• Oral health programs targeting primary school aged children and • Physcial activity programs for overweight adults• Sun safe promotions for school aged children• Quit smoking campaigns e.g Quitline• Weight loss hotlines e.g Jenny Craig
This approach presumes that, with relevant information, people will change their actions and way of thinking to improve their health.
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Sub: Preventative Medical ApproachMany illnesses and diseases can be prevented using Vaccinations and Heath Screenings.
Examples include:• Childhood immunisations tetanus, whooping cough, measles etc• Adult immunisations flu, cervical cancer (women)• Screenings breast, cervical and bowel cancer, heart screening
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(Write 2 examples for each level of prevention) Don't copy
Primary Prevention Here the goal is to protect healthy people from developing a disease or experiencing an injury in the first place.
Secondary Prevention These interventions happen after an illness or serious risk factors have already been diagnosed.
Tertiary Prevention This focuses on helping people manage complicated, longterm health problems or from health problems reoccurring.
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Sub: Public Health ApproachPublic Health approaches are done on a large scale. They seek to involve as many people as possible to improve health by addressing underlying risk factors.
Examples include: • Health promoting schools PDHPE theory, antibullying, healthy canteens
• Work Cover injury management, return to work, OH & S
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Heading: The Ottawa Charter (1986)In November 1986, (130 nations) a meeting was held in Ottawa, Canada, and this was the first real international conference on health promotion. They created a document with strategies to achieve "health for all"
The Ottawa Charter provides a framework for the implementation of health promotion. The Ottawa charter has 5 ACTION AREAS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ1H2ojwb2Q
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Sub: 5 Action Areas
1. Develop personal skills2. Create supportive environment3. Strengthen community action4. Reorient health services5. Build healthy public policy
Acronyms: Dead Cats Smell Really Bad or DR BCS (Order does not matter)
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Sub: Developing Personal SkillsEnabling or empowering people to develop life skills that will assist them in preventing or treating diseases.
Examples• Health education in schools• Media campaigns encouraging healthy life choices• Physical Activity and nutrition guidelines• English speaking courses for new immigrants• Anti‑smoking programs• Developing Health literacy skills
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Sub: Creating Supportive EnvironmentsAll about creating surroundings that make it easier to make healthy choices.
Examples• Child care centres in workplaces• Needle exchange programs• Gradual elimination of lead from petrol• Setting targets for reducing carbon dioxide levels (Carbon tax)• On the road ‑ Speed humps, speed limits, school zones etc• At school ‑ healthy canteens, student welfare programs, counsellors• On the sporting field ‑ moddied rules, protective equipment, padded
areas• In your home ‑ smoke alarms, electricity cut off switches
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Questions
1. Explain what the term empowerment of individuals means and how it relates to health promotion?
2. Explain the importance of non government organisations in health promotion.
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Sub: Strengthening Community ActionStrengthening community action is all about community involvement in the health promotion process. It draws on community resources in order to provide social support and and self‐help for the community (i.e. the community helps itself). Communities then feel more ownership and control over their own endeavours and destinies.
Examples:• Self help groups Alcoholyics Anonymous• Lions club driver reviver stations• Community Events 'City to Surf' or 'Bay to Bay'• Clean up Australia Day• Drop in centres for young people• Lobbying groups changing speed limits, adding walking paths etc
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Sub: Reorienting Health ServicesChanging the focus and direction of our health services. Focus more on prevention than cures. They need to specific to the needs of the population. They need to be collaborative between health institutions and governments. It calls for a change of attitude and organization of health services which refocuses on the total needs of the individual as a whole person.
Examples:• Increased government funding for health promotion• Cholesterol and Blood pressure checks in shopping centres• Courtesy buses for pubs/clubs• Doctors working with child care centres to promote immunisations• Police working in schools to address drink driving and crime
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Sub: Building Healthy Public PolicyBuilding healthy public policy is about the development of legislation, fiscal measures, taxation and organisational change that promotes health. It requires all sectors to consider health promotion as they develop policies and each level of government to promote laws that improve health outcomes.In short‐ Legislation, laws, regulations, etc to prevent unhealthy behaviour
Examples:• Restrictions to advertising cigarettes• Smoke free workplaces and public buildings• Age restrictions for drinking alcohol• Compulsory Swimming pool fencing• Earlier closing times for pubs and clubs
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Ottawa Charters Contribution to Alcohol Abuse example
http://online.clickview.com.au/libraries/videos/3714383/strategiestopromotethehealthofindividuals
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Heading:Principles of Social JusticeSocial justice is a value that favours the reduction or elimination of inequality. Access to good health should be available to all individuals. This involves advocating for people, valuing diversity, providing supportive environments in order to achieve equity in health and enable people to achieve good health.
• Equity• Diversity• Supportive Environments
(Note It should be noted that social justice is about fairness, which is not always the same as equality.)
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Sub: Equity
Health equity means that everyone has access to the health services and support they need, when they need it and in a place that is accessible. It involves making sure resources and funding is distributed fairly and without discrimination. Equity is different to equality. The aim of equity is to achieve equality in outcome not in the method to achieve itExamples include: ??
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Sub: DiversityEnsuring population groups are not discriminated against in terms of age, sex or ethnicity. It means ensuring the health promotion meets their needs and is delivered in a culturally appropriate manner. Examples:• Information available in various languages• Placing health services in places easy to access by public transport• Celebrating various cultures• Understanding different health issues for various population groups
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Sub: Supportive EnvironmentsSupportive environments require that physical, social, economic and political environments that are supportive of health rather than damaging to it. The principle is also concerned with ensuring people have access to resources and opportunities for empowerment that will support their health.
Examples:• Home• Work• Schools (healthy canteen)
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Core 1 is now COMPLETE!!
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Work that should be completed
• Environmental Factors Homework Sheet• Planning a healthier environment questions 13• Public Health Approach (Schools and Workplaces) Worksheet
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The Effectiveness of Different Health Promotion Video Clips1.Name of the advertisement?2.What is the aim of the advertisement?3.What strategies has the creator used to get the message across?4.Comment on the how effective you think the ad is?
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U219eUIZ7Qo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hWxU_ICoHM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGA5v5aaibo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QRXRsCjNHc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnCUhc2eFlY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRoliFQivHI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiXvAo6o0HY
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Examine the perceptions individuals and groups have of health and determine the degree to
which these are socially constructed
1) Explain how social constructs affect individuals' health and physical activity levels.
2) Referring to the photographs below, outline how the meanings of health as it relates to skin colour have changed over the years. Propose reasons for
these changes in perception
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Answer the following questions
1. How would you describe the health status of the Aboriginal community? Give reasons to support your answer.2. What are the significant health issues affecting ATSI in the community?3. What are the health determinants that are affecting the health issues of ATSI?4. Is this [Health status] purely an individual responsibility? Explain.
ABC Video: Youth Aboriginal Suicide
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