What Socialists Want the MILITANT
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W h a t Socialists W a n t See Page 2 the MILITANT PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Vol. X X IV — No. 23 222 NEW YORK. N. Y., MONDAY, JUNE 6, 1980 Price 10c Sit-Ins Cain a Victory Integrate Counters A t Winston-Salem By Arthur Jordan The Southern student sit-in movement scored its second ma- jor victory May 25 when down- town stores of Winston-Salem, N.C., reopened their previously closed lunch counters on, an in- tegrated basis. Counters resum- ing service included two at F. W. W oolworth Co. stores and those at S. H. Kress & Co., H. L. Green Co., and Walgreen’s drug store. The victory at Winston- Salem, like that at Nashville, Tenn., two weeks before, fol- lowed several weeks of nego- tiations backed up by vigilant, unremitting pressure. Wins- ton-Salem students forced the closing of downtown lunch counters at the outset of their sit-in campaign and kept them closed almost continuously over a period of fifteen weeks. The last attempt in early May by store owners to reopen the counters on a segregated basis was promptly met by a massive demonstration, just as earlier at- tempts had been. The owners were again forced to close the counters with telling effect on their pocketbooks. The Winston-Salem movement was initiated and led by a m ili- tant Negro unionist and staffed by Negro students from Wins- ton-Salem Teachers College and whites from Wake Forest Col- lege. Whites endured arrest to- gether with Negroes on trespass charges brought by a Woolworth manager during a February de- monstration; of twenty-two stu - dents convicted March 2, twelve were from Teachers College, ten from Wake Forest. Significantly, in a students’ poll taken a month later, almost half the Wake Forest student, body voted irt favor of accepting Negro students to their college. Carl Matthews, a member of the Teamsters’ union, launched the Winston-Salem struggle on February 8, a week after the first sit-down at nearby Greens- boro, N.C., when he took a seat at the Kress lunch counter and refused to budge. The news was picked up by the local radio and scores of students rallied to his (Continued on Page 4) “Kishi Resign! Ike Don’t Come! 99 Japanese students demonstrate in front of the official residence of Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi in Tokyo against the new military pact between Japan and the U.S. Because of steamroller tactics in pushing the pact through parliament, the students demanded that Kishi resign. They also protested the scheduled visit of President Eisenhower on June 19, the day the pact goes into effect. U-2 Planes in Japan Spur Mass Protests' Rocked by giant lab.or-student demonstrations, the right-wing government of Japanese Premier Kishi is fighting to save itself, its m ilitary pact with the U.S., and its plans for welcoming Presi- dent Eisenhower on June 19. Popular opposition to the military pact, which the Jap- anese people fear will embroil them in a war of American making, was intensified by the revelation that U-2 planes of the type the U.S. has used for spying missions over the So- viet Union, are stationed in Japan. Socialists have charged in the Diet (parliament) that the unmarked jets have been used for espionage flights over China and the USSR. Eight consecutive days of anti-government demonstrations were climaxed with a tremen- dous outpouring May 26. More Fund Lags By 4 0 % With 2 Weeks to Go By Tom Kerry Organizational Secretary, Socialist Workers Party JUNE 1 — Only two more weeks to go in the SWP $16,000 Socialist Fund campaign. In response to our re- quest last week that SWP branches inform us of what steps have been taken to com- plete their fund quotas on time we received the query from one fund director: “W ill there be an extension of time beyond the June 15 deadline?” There will be no extension beyond the deadline on June 15. Our commitments and needs do not permit an exten- sion that would seriously up- set our budget and cripple our effective intervention in the election campaign. What we need is more of the spirit displayed by our Seattle and Chicago groups. Our Seattle San Francisco Students Freed SAN FRANCISCO, June 2 — Charges of “rioting” against 62 of the demonstrators against the House Un-American Activities Committee were dismissed here y e s t e r d a y . The defendants, mostly college students,. had been arrested after a brutal hose and club attack by police dur- ing the mass protest against the House Committee hearing May 12-14. In dismissing the chargcs, Judge Axelrod asserted that the police report offered enough facts to “justify a conviction,” but added that he didn’t want the students to1 carry a “stigma.” He hoped they had “learned the errors of their ways.” A state- ment was immediately issued by 48 of the students which said in part: “Nobody incited us, no- body misguided us. We were led only by our own convictions and we still* stand firm ly by them.” fund director writes: “Do not despair! We will, be paid up by the deadline. We are always slow but sure.” Chicago sends us word that they will borrow the money, if necessary, to complete their fund quota in full and on time. As of this date" we are $6,473 short of our goal. This means that we w ill have to receive an average of $3,236 each week for the balance of the two-week period to fulfill our quota. We know that this will take some doing. But past experience has indicated that our members and supporters come through at the finish with the necessary burst of energy and effort to beat the deadline. We trust that this fund w ill prove no exception. Small Sums Welcome Some of our general support- ers have been slow in coming through with contributions prob- ably under the impression that, the contribution of small sums would be a reflection on their loyalty. Nothing could be fur- ther from the truth. We grfcat.ly appreciate the spirit that prompts a worker to send a few dollars of a meager income to help in the cause. One worker from Chicago writes: “Enclosed find $2.00 in answer to your appeal for funds to help put up some workers’ candidates as president and vice- president and H. Mayhew as U.S. Senator from Illinois.” Every little . bit helps. Don’t hesitate about sending us your one or two-dollar contributions. Send your contribution today to the Socialist Fund, 116 Uni- v.ex-sity, Place, New York 3, N.Y. (See Scoreboard, page 2) .... than 200,000 workers and high school and college students be- sieged the Diet (parliament) in Tokyo and an estimated two million people staged protests throughout the country. Kishi was unable to leave his office for twelve hours as the marchers ringed the building chanting: “Ike, Don’t Come,” and “Eisenhower, Stay Home.” They roared their opposition to the military treaty and de- manded new Diet elections. ih e demonstrations were or- ganized by several unions, the Socialist and Communist parties and by Zengakuren, the militant student federation. The anger of the people was brought to the explosive point when Kishi rammed approval of the m ilitary agreement through the Diet’s lower house while cops were literally dragging So- cialists and other oppositionists out of the chamber. ' The popular fury forced even leaders of Kishi’s own party to join with virtually every daily paper in the country in criticiz- ing this police-state move. But the militant giant demon- strations of the unionists and s t u d e n t s have evidently so frightened these “critics” that they are again r e g r o u p i n g around Kishi to prevent the masses from toppling his gov- ernment. On May 28, the “save- Kishi” movement was joined by the Democratic Socialist party, a right-wing split-off from the Socialist party. Kishi and his supporters are insisting that the millions who joined the protest demonstra- tions represent a “minority opin- ion” in the country and are urg- ing Eisenhower to make his s c h e d u l e d visit. Meanwhile, Washington sources indicated that a postponement is being considered. The Persuaders Last year General Motors, Ford and Proctor & Gamble spent a total of $279 million on advertising. Dictator Out; Turkish Army Takes Power Turkish dictator Adnan Men- deres’ ten-year rule is over. A l - ready tottering last month be- cause of massive student demon- strations whifth expressed an overwhelming popular demand for freedom, the Menderes re- gime was quickly toppled by an army coup. . -1- - - The army at once set up a “National Union Committee” of high-ranking army, navy and air force officers with Lieuten- ant General Cemal Gursel at its head. Gursel announced that the committee’s aim “is to organize free and fair elections for the formation of constitutional and democratic government.” Civil liberties have been re- stored and political prisoners, in- cluding several newspapermen, have been released. One of Gursel’s first acts was to reassure the State Department that Turkey would continue to honor its Western alliances. But the State Department continues to be deeply alarmed about the situation just the same. Thus the New York Times reported May 29 that “Western circles ex- pressed the hope the army would not stay in command for long. If it does, popular unrest might again explode into violence.” Military Bases Bordering on the USSR, Tur- key is a keystone in the system of American military alliances which encircle the Soviet Union. Important NATO air and naval bases and a large radar station make it possible to observe So- viet movements at closer rangé. The construction of a rocket base aimed at major Soviet indus- trial centers is underway in Turkey. With a 27-million population, the country has an armed force of 440,000 men plus two million reservists. Since 1947, the Turk- ish government has received $2 billion in American military aid. SP-SDF Parley Decides Not to Run '60 Candidate The Socialist Party-Social De- mocratic Federation voted at its national convention May 26 not to run a candidate for president in I960. The decision was de- signed to leave the party mem- bership free to support the De- mocratic parly. The no-contest proposal was made by Norman Thomas who was the party’s banner-bearer six times but refused to run in 1952 and 1956. Darlington Hoopes was the candidate in those elections, but the cam- paigns were token ones since most of the party leaders, like Thomas, opposed running against the Democrats. Some delegates to the conven- tion, held in Washington, D.C., favored running a candidate this year, arguing that failure to,do so meant the beginning of the end of the party. But the majority voted for a resolution which de- clared the party would not make a presidential bid because it seeks to “be heard by all Ameri- cans— Democrats and Republi- cans as well as Socialists.” In an article in the spring is- sue of the Socialist Call outlin- ing the stand he would take at the convention, Thomas said he was against running a candidate because of the difficulties of getting on the ballot and because of “the increased opposition of the AFL-CIO to any candidate who might draw votes from the candidate it endorses.” When the Socialist party and the So- cial Democratic Federation re- united in 1957 there was an un- derstanding that the organiza- tion would not contest against major-party candidates endorsed by labor officials. Top Democrats Aid In U-2 Whitewash On Tour Unionists, Students Probing New Ideas MAY 27. — Farrell Dobbs, Socialist Workers party can- didate for president was on the New York leg of his national tour last week, and we took the occasion to interview him about his campaign on the West Coast where he spoke at meetings in Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Port- land and Seattle. Q. What kind of response have you encountered for so- cialist ideas and for the social- ist ticket on your tour so far? A. I found a tendency among unionists, students and other participants in the mass movements to listen to our party spokesmen with more of an open mind than in past years. The questions that were asked of me at the meet- ings I addressed were, I felt, designed to probe what we have to say about the official ideology and the official solu- tions to the problems of the day. Thus many of the questions dealt with supporting the Democratic party. The ques- tions would counterpose argu- ments in favor of the Demo- crats to our policy of inde- pendent political action. I felt, however, that those who were asking the questions were not arguing with me but rather presenting the argu- ments of'the labor leaders to see how we would answer them. The question of backing the Democrats also came up fre- quently at the press confer- ences I held. Newspapermen asked me many times what change I thought we had, see- ing that the American people are satisfied to belong to the two parties. I answered that the notion • that working people belong to the Democratic party is a myth. They don’t control that party at all. They have been tricked by the union leader- ship to go to the polls and vote Democratic, but they have no power of decision whatever over the candidates or the is- sues. A t one press interview I cited that in West Virginia, right after Kennedy won the primaries, a leading party of- ficial sent a message to Lyn- don Johnson telling him that he, Johnson, would get the bulk of West Virginia’s 25" votes at the Democratic con- vention. The press didn’t quote my remarks on this question. Nor have they ever quoted my statements that it doesn’t make a nickel’s worth of difference who the Repub- licans or the Democrats nomi- nate since none of the prob- lems of the working people w ill be solved through either of the parties. The only way in which the working people can begin to solve their problems is if the unions break from the Demo- cratic party and launch a new party of their own. Q. What are some of the other things you told reporters that were never printed? A.- Weil, •. the papers never printed what I told their re- porters about freedom of the press in Cuba. This issue has been completely distorted in the big-business newspapers. Prensa Libra and Diario do la Marina were taken away from their owners not because the Castro regime wants to sup- press freedom of the press but (Continued on Page 4) FARRELL DOBBS Myra Weiss To Campaign On West Coast Myra Tanner Weiss, Socialist Workers party vice-presidential candidate, w ill tour the West Coast, beginning with a meeting in San Diego, June 16, 8:00 p.m. at 2972 Clay Ave. She w ill re- port on the Southern sit-in movement. In Los Angeles, on June 18, she w ill speak on “The Collapse of the Summit and the Struggle for Peace.” In San Francisco, the week following, she w ill speak on “World Youth Chal- lenge to Reaction.” Vincent Hal- linan w ill chair. (See Calendar on Page 4 for further information.) Launch Negro Labor Council To Combat Jim-Crow in Unions DETROIT, May 31 — . The main achievement of the found- ing convention of the Negro American Labor Council, which ended here yesterday, is that it puts in the field an active na- tional organization dedicated to fighting against Jim Crow prac- tices inside the labor movement. This fact overshadows the short- cortiings and unsolved problems that would confront an infant organization under the best of conditions. Layoffs Mount As Steel Output Goes Into Slump Thousands of steel workers have been idled nationally be- cause of slumping steel produc- tion.- A May 30 AP dispatch from Pittsburgh reports that the industry is currently producing at 65 per cent of capacity “dur- ing the usual summer lull before orders start pouring in from new car manufacturers.” However, many steel centers have been hit extremely hard this summer. For instance, in Youngstown, the industry w ill be operating at only 22 per cent of capacity dur- ing the week of May 30 — the lowest rate in Youngstown since the depression of the 1930’s. Lack of orders and large back logs of steel w ill cause 4,000 more workers to bo laid off. In Buffalo, production is down to 69.9 per cent, which is equal to the lowest rate of the 1958-59 recession. In the Pittsburgh region, Uni- ted States Steel Corporation has laid off about 3,500 workers. Steelmaking facilities have been idled at the Clairton, Pa. and Donora, Pa. works. In Birmingham, production has been on the decline for six weeks.- The need is great. There are 1 l/t million Negro union mem- bers smarting with resentment against second class status, con- tinuing prejudice, restricted op- portunity and token representa- tion in the labor movement. With a correct program, the NALC can unite them in a struggle that will win equality for the Negroes and bring about a progressive transformation in the labor movement as a whole. The mere existence of the NALC can be a shot in the arm of labor. By creating a force that is not directly dominated by the top bureaucrats, it w ill stimulate other rank-and-file ac- tivity and resistance to the status quo in the unions. It shakes things up and serves notice on the bureaucrats that their con- servative policies are under chal- lenge. This alone is a service to all workers, white as well as Negro. , AFL-CIO president G e o r g e Meany and the other top union officials w ill not be able any longer to pretend that, Negro unionists are satisfied with their do-little-or-nothing policies, or to claim that nobody knows and nobody can legitimately ex- press the Negroes’ grievances and wants. The NALC is in business now, but the convention showed that it has quite a way to go before it will measure up to the great role it has set for itself. There was some disappoint- ment at the attendance, which the leaders had predicted would be 1,500. (Any member could be a delegate by attending and paying a $3 fee.) There were actually less than 1,000, from many of the big cities. All things considered, this was not a bad beginning. Obviously, a big or- ganizing job lies ahead, whose success w ill depend on the NALC’s program of action. The convention suffered from a lack of timé for adequate dis- cussion. The chief task was adoption of a constitution, but the delegates were given a draft only when the constitution com- mittee began its report. Many complained about the poor pre- parations that forced shotgun de- cisions on them. There was also resentment against the heavy-handed, gavel- banging way in which the chair was run by A. Philip Randolph, AFL-CIO vice-president. Ran- dolph had his way most of the time, for several reasons: Dis- senting delegates were not or- ganized, while Randolph’s steer- ing committee was. Most dele- gates, even if they disagreed, were reluctant to start any fights that might endanger the unity of the organization. And Ran- dolph had the greatest prestige of anyone present. But he had more prestige at the start than at the end of the convention. At one point the delegates, having voted down a proposal he supported (on the (Continued on Page 4) Criticize Only Minor Details By Harry Ring When the Democrats demand- ed Congressional hearings on the U-2 incident and the summit collapse, many people hoped that this might touch off a “great debate” in which the Democrats' would oppose the Administra- tion’s new intensification of the cold war. But the House and Senate hearings quickly showed that the “debate” isn’t even a decent- sized quibble. Meanwhile, Adlai Stevenson, leading Democratic “peace” spokesman, called 'fo r the forging of “a deterrent power and limited-war capa- bility” to meet an alleged So- viet “threat.” The House Foreign Affair's Committee invited Secretary of State Herter to testify in secret May 26. Afterward, Rep. Thom- as Morgan, the Pennsylvania De- mocrat who heads the commit- tee, said Herter had satisfactorily answered most of the commit- tee’s questions about the sum- mit failure. The Senate “probe” also turned out to be a whitewash of the Administration by its Demo- cratic “opponents.” These hearings, too, were secret. The Central Intellig- ence Agency and the State De- partment — both supposedly subjects of the hearing—were assigned the privilege of cen- soring the hearing transcript' before it was made public. After two days, committee chairman Fulbright, (D-Ark.) “attacked” the Administration. He said it was “questionable” that Eisenhower acted wisely in assuming responsibility for the spy plane. He agreed it was a good idea to admit to the act after being caught red-handed, but felt a lesser official should have taken the rap. He commended the CIA, which organizes the spy flights, and reiterated his belief in the need for continuing the “black arts” of espionage, even though they “involved violations of every commandment.” Fulbright also joined with the Republicans in charging that “in a few short hours,” Khrushchev \ had “destroyed the atmosphere of negotiation which had been built up over long months." The virulence of his attack almost left the impression that Khrush- chev had sent the U-2 over this country. Nor was this simply Ful- bright’s viewpoint. Mike Mans- field of Montana, the Democratic whip in the Senate, utilized the hearing to attack Eisenhower for having gone so far as to meet with Khrushchev at Camp David. (Continued on Page 2) Marian Anderson Sings in Cuba Marian Anderson, world- famed American contralto, is visiting Havana, Cuba as a guest of Prime Minister Fidel Castro. The music department of the Cuban National Theater spon- sored a concert for Miss Ander- son on May 27. According to Prensa Latina news agency the price of admission was 25 cents. All-White Jury Acquits Rev. King in "Tax" Case Alabama racist officials suf- fered a surprise setback May 28 when an all-white Montgomery jury acquitted Rev. Martin Luther King, leading Southern integration figure, of a trumped- up charge of perjury on his 1956 state income tax return. State’s attorneys refused to disclose whether they would move to try Dr. King on a second charge in- volving his 1958 return. The “case” against Dr. King, consisting of evidence that his 1956 bank deposits totaled an amount exceeding the income listed on his return, was de- molished by defense attorney W illiam R. Ming of Chicago. In reply to Ming’s questions Dr. King demonstrated that many deposits had not represented taxable income. In summation Mr. King ad- monished the jury: “If you men . . . go home and add up your bank deposits and want the state to consider that your [taxable] income, then . . . convict the de- fendant.” The argument appar- ently weighed heavily with tax- paying jurors. In a May 31 editorial the Montgomery Advertiser, influen- tial local daily, preened itself that ’’Justice Prevails.” The previous day Alabama governor John Patterson brought a libel suit naming Dr. King as a defendant. The suit was based on an advertisement in the New York Times, which King did not sign, soliciting funds for his de- fense in the perjury trial.
Transcript of What Socialists Want the MILITANT
W hat Socialists W antSee Page 2 th e MILITANT
PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLEVol. X X IV — No. 23 222 NEW YORK. N. Y., MONDAY, JUNE 6, 1980 Price 10c
Sit-Ins Cain a Victory
Integrate Counters A t Winston-Salem
By Arthur JordanThe Southern student s it-in
movement scored its second majo r v ic to ry M ay 25 when dow ntow n stores of W inston-Salem, N.C., reopened th e ir previously closed lunch counters o n , an in tegrated basis. Counters resuming service included tw o at F. W. W oolw orth Co. stores and those at S. H. Kress & Co., H. L. Green Co., and W algreen’s drug store.
The victory at Winston- Salem, like that at Nashville, Tenn., two weeks before, fo llowed several weeks of negotiations backed up by vigilant, unremitting pressure. Wins- ton-Salem students forced the closing of downtown lunch counters at the outset of their sit-in campaign and kept them closed almost continuously over a period of fifteen weeks.The last attem pt in early May
by store owners to reopen the counters on a segregated basis was p rom ptly met by a massive dem onstration, jus t as earlie r a ttem pts had been. The owners were again forced to close the counters w ith te lling effect on th e ir pocketbooks.
The W inston-Salem movement was in itia ted and led by a m ilitan t Negro un ion is t and staffed by Negro students from W ins- ton-Salem Teachers College and w hites from Wake Forest College. W hites endured arrest to gether w ith Negroes on trespass charges brought by a W oolworth manager du ring a February dem onstration; of tw en ty -tw o students convicted March 2, tw elve were from Teachers College, ten from Wake Forest.
S ign ificantly , in a students’ p o ll taken a month la ter, almost h a lf the W ake Forest student, body voted irt favo r of accepting Negro students to th e ir college.
Carl Matthews, a mem ber of the Teamsters’ union, launched the W inston-Salem struggle on February 8, a week a fte r the firs t s it-down at nearby Greensboro, N.C., when he took a seat at the Kress lunch counter and refused to budge. The news was picked up by the local radio and scores of students ra llied to his
( Continued on Page 4)
“Kishi Resign! Ike D o n ’t Come! 99
Japanese students demonstrate in front of the official residence of Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi in Tokyo against the new m ilitary pact between Japan and the U.S. Because of steamroller tactics in pushing the pact through parliament, the students demanded that Kishi resign. They also protested the scheduled visit of President Eisenhower on June 19, the day the pact goes into effect.
U-2 Planes in Japan Spur Mass Protests'
Rocked by g iant lab.or-student demonstrations, the r ig h t-w in g government of Japanese P rem ier K ish i is figh ting to save itse lf, its m ilita ry pact w ith the U.S., and its plans fo r welcom ing President Eisenhower on June 19.
Popular opposition to the m ilitary pact, which the Japanese people fear w ill embroil them in a war of American making, was intensified by the revelation that U-2 planes of the type the U.S. has used for spying missions over the Soviet Union, are stationed in Japan. Socialists have charged in the Diet (parliament) that the unmarked jets have been used for espionage flights over China and the USSR.E igh t consecutive days of
anti-governm ent demonstrations were clim axed w ith a trem endous outpouring M ay 26. More
Fund Lags By 40% W ith 2 Weeks to Go
By Tom KerryOrganizational Secretary, Socialist Workers Party
JU N E 1 — O nly tw o more weeks to go in the SWP $16,000 Socialist Fund campaign. In response to our request last week tha t SWP branches in fo rm us of w ha t steps have been taken to complete th e ir fund quotas on tim e we received the query from one fund d irector: “ W ill there be an extension of tim e beyond the June 15 deadline?”
There w ill be no extension beyond the deadline on June 15. Our commitments and needs do not permit an extension that would seriously upset our budget and cripple our effective intervention in the election campaign.
W hat we need is more of the s p ir it displayed by our Seattle and Chicago groups. Our Seattle
San Francisco Students Freed
SAN FRANCISCO, June 2 — Charges of “ r io tin g ” against 62 o f the demonstrators against the House U n-Am erican A c tiv itie s Com m ittee were dismissed here y e s t e r d a y . The defendants, m ostly college students,. had been arrested a fte r a b ru ta l hose and club attack by police d u ring the mass protest against the House Committee hearing May 12-14.
In dism issing the chargcs, Judge A xe lrod asserted tha t the police report offered enough facts to “ ju s tify a conviction,” b u t added that he d idn ’t want the students to 1 carry a “ stigm a.” He hoped they had “ learned the errors o f th e ir ways.” A statem ent was im m ediate ly issued by 48 of the students w hich said in p a rt: “ Nobody incited us, nobody misguided us. We were led on ly by our own convictions and we s till* stand firm ly by them.”
fund d irec to r w rites : “ Do not despair! We w ill, be paid up by the deadline. We are always slow bu t sure.”
Chicago sends us w ord tha t they w il l borrow the money, i f necessary, to complete th e ir fund quota in fu l l and on tim e.
As of th is date" we are $6,473 short o f ou r goal. This means th a t we w il l have to receive an average of $3,236 each week fo r the balance o f the two-w eek period to fu lf i l l our quota. We know tha t th is w il l take some doing. B u t past experience has indicated tha t our members and supporters come through at the fin ish w ith the necessary burst of energy and e ffo rt to beat the deadline. We tru s t tha t th is fund w il l prove no exception.
Small Sums Welcome
Some of our general supporters have been slow in coming through w ith contributions p robab ly under the impression that, the contribu tion o f small sums w ould be a reflection on th e ir loya lty . N oth ing could be fu r the r from the tru th . We grfcat.ly a p p r e c i a t e the s p ir it tha t prom pts a w orke r to send a few dollars of a meager income to help in the cause.
One w o rke r from Chicago w rites: “ Enclosed find $2.00 in answer to your appeal fo r funds to help p u t up some w orkers ’ candidates as president and vice- president and H. M ayhew as U.S. Senator from Illin o is .” Every l it t le . b it helps. D on’t hesitate about sending us your one or tw o -do lla r contributions.
Send you r contribu tion today to the Socialist Fund, 116 U n i- v.ex-sity, Place, N ew Y o rk 3, N.Y.
(See Scoreboard, page 2) ....
than 200,000 w orkers and high school and college students besieged the D ie t (parliam ent) in Tokyo and an estimated tw o m illio n people staged protests throughout the country.
K ish i was unable to leave his office fo r tw e lve hours as the marchers ringed the bu ild ing chanting: “ Ike , Don’t Come,” and “ Eisenhower, Stay Home.” They roared th e ir opposition to the m ilita ry trea ty and demanded new D ie t elections.
ih e demonstrations were organized by several unions, the Socialist and Com m unist parties and by Zengakuren, the m ilita n t student federation.
The anger of the people was brought to the explosive po in t when K ish i rammed approval of the m ilita ry agreement through the D ie t’s low er house w h ile cops were lite ra lly dragging Socialists and other oppositionists out of the chamber. '
The popular fu ry forced even leaders o f K is h i’s own pa rty to jo in w ith v ir tu a lly every da ily paper in the country in c r it ic iz ing th is police-state move.
B u t the m ilita n t g iant demonstrations o f the unionists and s t u d e n t s have ev idently so frightened these “ c ritics ” that they are again r e g r o u p i n g around K ish i to prevent the masses from topp ling his governm ent. On M ay 28, the “ save- K is h i” movement was jo ined by the Democratic Socialist party, a r ig h t-w in g sp lit-o ff from the Socialist party.
K ish i and his supporters are insisting th a t the m illions who jo ined the protest demonstrations represent a “ m in o rity op in ion” in the country and are u rg ing Eisenhower to make his s c h e d u l e d v is it. Meanwhile, W ashington sources indicated tha t a postponement is being considered.
The PersuadersLast year General Motors,
Ford and P roctor & Gamble spent a to ta l of $279 m illio n on advertising.
Dictator Out; Turkish Army Takes Power
T urk ish d ic ta tor Adnan Men- deres’ ten-year ru le is over. A l ready to tte ring last month because of massive student demonstrations w hifth expressed an overw helm ing popular demand fo r freedom, the Menderes re gime was qu ick ly toppled byan arm y coup.. -1- - -
The arm y at once set up a “ National U nion Com m ittee” of h igh -rank ing arm y, navy and a ir force officers w ith L ieu ten ant General Cemal Gursel at its head. Gursel announced tha t the com m ittee’s aim “ is to organize free and fa ir elections fo r the form ation of constitu tiona l and democratic governm ent.”
C iv il libe rties have been re stored and po litica l prisoners, in c lud ing several newspapermen, have been released.
One of Gursel’s first acts was to reassure the State Departm ent tha t T urkey w ould continue to honor its Western alliances. B u t the State D epartm ent continues to be deeply alarmed about the s itua tion ju s t the same. Thus the New Y o rk Times reported May 29 tha t “ Western circles expressed the hope the arm y w ould not stay in command fo r long. I f i t does, popular unrest m ight again explode in to violence.”
M ilitary Bases
Bordering on the USSR, T u rkey is a keystone in the system of Am erican m ilita ry alliances w hich encircle the Soviet Union. Im portan t N ATO a ir and naval bases and a large radar station make i t possible to observe Sov ie t movements at closer rangé. The construction of a rocket base aimed at m a jor Soviet industr ia l centers is underway in Turkey.
W ith a 27-m illion population, the country has an armed force of 440,000 men plus tw o m illio n reservists. Since 1947, the T u rk ish governm ent has received $2 b illio n in Am erican m ilita ry aid.
SP-SDF Parley Decides Not to Run '60 Candidate
The Socialist Party-Social Dem ocratic Federation voted at its national convention May 26 not to run a candidate fo r president in I960. The decision was designed to leave the pa rty membership free to support the Democratic parly .
The no-contest proposal was made by Norman Thomas who was the p a rty ’s banner-bearer six tim es but refused to run in 1952 and 1956. D arling ton Hoopes was the candidate in those elections, bu t the campaigns were token ones since most of the party leaders, like Thomas, opposed r u n n i n g against the Democrats.
Some delegates to the convention, held in W ashington, D.C., favored runn ing a candidate th is year, arguing th a t fa ilu re to ,do so meant the beginning of the
end of the party. B u t the m a jo rity voted fo r a resolution w hich declared the party w ould not make a presidential b id because i t seeks to “ be heard by a ll A m e ricans— Democrats and R epublicans as w e ll as Socialists.”
In an artic le in the spring issue of the Socialist C all o u tlin ing the stand he w ould take at the convention, Thomas said he was against runn ing a candidate because of the d ifficu lties of getting on the ballo t and because of “ the increased opposition of the A FL-C IO to any candidate who m ight draw votes from the candidate it endorses.” When the Socialist pa rty and the Social Democratic Federation re united in 1957 there was an understanding tha t the organization w ould not contest against m a jo r-party candidates endorsed by labor officia ls.
Top Democrats Aid In U-2 Whitewash
On Tour
Unionists, Students Probing New Ideas
M A Y 27. — F a rre ll Dobbs, Socialist W orkers pa rty candidate fo r president was on the New Y ork leg of his national tou r last week, and we took the occasion to in te rv iew h im about his campaign on the West Coast where he spoke at meetings in Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, P o rtland and Seattle.
Q. W hat k ind of response have you encountered fo r soc ia lis t ideas and fo r the socialist ticke t on your tou r so far?
A. I found a tendency among unionists, students and other partic ipants in the mass movements to lis ten to our pa rty spokesmen w ith more of an open m ind than in past years. The questions tha t were asked of me at the meetings I addressed were, I fe lt, designed to probe w hat we have to say about the o ffic ia l ideology and the o ffic ia l solutions to the problems of the day.
Thus many of the questions dealt w ith supporting the Democratic party . The questions w ould counterpose arguments in favor o f the Democrats to our po licy of independent po litica l action. I fe lt, however, tha t those who were asking the questions were not arguing w ith me but ra the r presenting the a rguments o f ' th e labor leaders to see how we w ould answer them.
The question of backing the Democrats also came up fre quently at the press conferences I held. Newspapermen asked me many times w hat change I thought we had, seeing that the Am erican people are satisfied to belong to the two parties.
I answered tha t the notion • tha t w o rk ing people belong to
the Democratic pa rty is a m yth . They don’t contro l tha t pa rty at a ll. They have been tricked by the un ion leadership to go to the polls and vote Democratic, bu t they have no power of decision w hatever over the candidates or the issues.
A t one press in te rv iew I cited tha t in West V irg in ia , r ig h t a fte r Kennedy won the prim aries, a leading pa rty o ffic ia l sent a message to L y n don Johnson te llin g h im tha t he, Johnson, w ould get the bu lk of West V irg in ia ’s 25" votes at the Democratic convention. The press d idn ’t quote m y rem arks on th is question. N or have they ever quoted m y statements tha t i t doesn’t make a n icke l’s w orth of difference who the Republicans or the Democrats nom inate since none of the p rob lems o f the w o rk in g people w il l be solved through e ithe r of the parties.
The on ly way in w hich the w o rk in g people can begin to solve th e ir problems is i f the unions break from the Democratic party and launch a new pa rty o f th e ir own.
Q. W hat are some of the other things you to ld reporters tha t were never printed?A.- W eil, •. the papers never
p rin ted w hat I to ld th e ir re porters about freedom of the press in Cuba. This issue has been com pletely distorted in the big-business newspapers. Prensa L ib ra and D iario do la M arina were taken away from th e ir owners not because the Castro regime wants to suppress freedom o f the press but
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FARRELL DOBBS
Myra Weiss To Campaign On West Coast
M yra Tanner Weiss, Socialist W orkers party vice-presidentia l candidate, w i l l to u r the West Coast, beginning w ith a meeting in San Diego, June 16, 8:00 p.m. at 2972 C lay Ave. She w il l re port on the Southern s it-in movement.
In Los Angeles, on June 18, she w il l speak on “ The Collapse of the S um m it and the Struggle fo r Peace.” In San Francisco, the week fo llow ing , she w il l speak on “ W orld Youth Challenge to Reaction.” V incent H a l- linan w il l chair.
(See Calendar on Page 4 fo r fu r th e r in fo rm ation.)
Launch Negro Labor Council To Combat Jim-Crow in Unions
D ETRO IT, M ay 31 — . The main achievement of the founding convention o f the Negro Am erican Labor Council, w hich ended here yesterday, is tha t i t puts in the fie ld an active nationa l organization dedicated to figh ting against J im Crow practices inside the labor movement. This fact overshadows the short- cortiings and unsolved problems tha t w ould confront an in fa n t organization under the best of conditions.
Layoffs Mount As Steel Output Goes Into Slump
Thousands o f steel w orkers have been id led na tiona lly because of slum ping steel production.- A May 30 A P dispatch from P ittsburgh reports tha t the industry is cu rren tly producing a t 65 per cent of capacity “ d u ring the usual summer lu l l before orders start pouring in from new car manufacturers.”
However, many steel centers have been h it extrem ely hard th is summer.
For instance, in Youngstown, the indus try w i l l be operating at only 22 per cent of capacity d u ring the week of M ay 30 — the lowest rate in Youngstown since the depression of the 1930’s. Lack of orders and large back logs of steel w il l cause 4,000 more w orkers to bo la id off.
In Buffalo, production is down to 69.9 per cent, which is equal to the lowest rate of the 1958-59 recession.
In the P ittsburgh region, U n ited States Steel Corporation has la id o ff about 3,500 workers. S teelm aking fac ilities have been id led at the C la irton, Pa. and Donora, Pa. works.
In B irm ingham , production has been on the decline fo r six weeks.-
The need is great. There are 1 l/t m illio n Negro union members sm arting w ith resentment against second class status, continu ing prejudice, restricted opp o rtu n ity and token representation in the labor movement. W ith a correct program, the N A LC can un ite them in a struggle tha t w il l w in equa lity fo r the Negroes and b ring about a progressive transform ation in the labor movement as a whole.
The mere existence o f the N A LC can be a shot in the arm of labor. B y creating a force tha t is no t d ire c tly dominated by the top bureaucrats, i t w il l stim ula te other rank-and-file act iv i ty and resistance to the status quo in the unions. I t shakes things up and serves notice on the bureaucrats tha t th e ir conservative policies are under cha llenge. This alone is a service to a ll workers, w h ite as w e ll as Negro.
, A FL-C IO president G e o r g e Meany and the other top union offic ia ls w il l not be able any longer to pretend th a t, Negro unionists are satisfied w ith th e ir do -little -o r-no th ing policies, or to c la im that nobody knows and nobody can leg itim a te ly e x press the Negroes’ grievances and wants.
The NALC is in business now, but the convention showed that it has quite a way to go before it w ill measure up to the great role it has set for itself.There was some d isappoint
ment at the attendance, which the leaders had predicted would be 1,500. (Any member could be a delegate by attending and paying a $3 fee.) There were actua lly less than 1,000, from many o f the big cities. A ll things considered, th is was not a bad beginning. Obviously, a big o rganizing job lies ahead, whose success w il l depend on the N A L C ’s program of action.
The convention suffered from a lack of tim é fo r adequate d iscussion. The chief task was
adoption of a constitu tion, but the delegates were given a d ra ft on ly when the constitu tion comm ittee began its report. M any complained about the poor p re parations tha t forced shotgun decisions on them.
There was also resentment against the heavy-handed, gavel- banging w ay in w h ich the chair was run by A . P h ilip Randolph, A F L -C IO vice-president. Randolph had his w ay most o f the tim e, fo r several reasons: D issenting delegates were not o rganized, w h ile Randolph’s steering com m ittee was. M ost delegates, even i f they disagreed, were re luctan t to s ta rt any fights tha t m igh t endanger the u n ity of the organization. And Randolph had the greatest prestige o f anyone present.
But he had more prestige at the start than at the end o f the convention. A t one po in t the delegates, having voted down a proposal he supported (on the
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Criticize Only Minor Details
By Harry RingWhen the Democrats demand
ed Congressional hearings on the U-2 incident and the sum m it collapse, many people hoped that th is m igh t touch off a “ great debate” in w hich the Democrats' w ould oppose the A d m in is tra tio n ’s new intensification of the cold war.
B u t the House and Senate hearings q u ick ly showed tha t the “ debate” isn’t even a decent- sized quibble. M eanwhile, A d la i Stevenson, leading Democratic “ peace” spokesman, called ' f o r the fo rg ing of “ a deterrent power and lim ite d -w a r capab i l i ty ” to meet an alleged Sov ie t “ th rea t.”
The House Foreign Affair's Committee inv ited Secretary o f State H erte r to tes tify in secret May 26. A fte rw a rd , Rep. Thom as Morgan, the Pennsylvania Democrat who heads the com m ittee, said H erte r had sa tis factorily answered most o f the com m ittee’s questions about the summ it fa ilu re .
The Senate “ probe” also turned out to be a whitewash of the A dm in is tra tion by its Democratic “ opponents.”
These hearings, too, were secret. The Central In tellig ence Agency and the State Department — both supposedly subjects of the hearing—were assigned the privilege of censoring the hearing transcript' before it was made public.A fte r tw o days, committee
chairm an F u lb rig h t, (D -A rk .) “ attacked” the A dm in is tra tion . He said it was “ questionable” tha t E isenhower acted w ise ly in assuming responsib ility fo r the spy plane. He agreed i t was a good idea to adm it to the act a fte r being caught red-handed, bu t fe lt a lesser o ffic ia l should have taken the rap.
He commended the C IA , w hich organizes the spy flights, and re iterated his be lie f in the need fo r continu ing the “ b lack arts” o f espionage, even though they “ invo lved v io la tions o f every commandment.”
F u lb r ig h t also jo ined w ith the Republicans in charging tha t “ in a few short hours,” K hrushchev \ had “ destroyed the atmosphere of negotiation w h ich had been b u ilt up over long m onths." The v iru lence of his attack almost le ft the impression th a t K h rush chev had sent the U-2 over th is country.
N or was th is s im p ly F u l- b r ig h t’s v iew po in t. M ike Mansfield o f Montana, the Democratic w h ip in the Senate, u tilized the hearing to attack Eisenhower fo r having gone so fa r as to meet w ith Khrushchev at Camp David.
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Marian Anderson Sings in Cuba
M arian A n d e r s o n , w o rld - famed Am erican contra lto , is v is iting Havana, Cuba as a guest of P rim e M in is te r F ide l Castro.
The music departm ent o f the Cuban N ational Theater sponsored a concert fo r Miss A nderson on May 27. According to Prensa La tina news agency the price of admission was 25 cents.
All-White Jury Acquits Rev. King in "Tax" Case
Alabam a racist offic ia ls suffered a surprise setback May 28 when an a ll-w h ite M ontgom ery ju ry acquitted Rev. M a rtin L u th e r K ing , leading Southern in tegra tion figure, of a trum ped- up charge of p e rju ry on his 1956 state income tax re turn . State’s attorneys refused to disclose w hether they w ould move to try Dr. K ing on a second charge in vo lv ing his 1958 re turn .
The “ case” against D r. K ing , consisting of evidence tha t his 1956 bank deposits tota led an am ount exceeding the income listed on his re tu rn , was demolished by defense attorney W illia m R. M ing of Chicago. In rep ly to M ing ’s questions Dr. King demonstrated that many
deposits had not represented taxable income.
In summ ation M r. K in g admonished the ju ry : “ I f you men . . . go home and add up you r bank deposits and w ant the state to consider tha t you r [taxable ] income, then . . . convict the defendant.” The argum ent apparen tly weighed heav ily w ith tax - paying jurors.
In a M ay 31 ed ito ria l the M ontgom ery A dvertiser, in fluentia l local da ily , preened itse lf tha t ’’Justice Prevails.”
The previous day A labam a governor John Patterson b rought a libe l su it nam ing Dr. K in g as a defendant. The su it was based on an advertisem ent in the N ew Y o rk Times, w hich K in g d id not sign, so lic iting funds fo r his defense in the perjury trial.
Page Two T H E M I L I T A N T Mandat June 6, I960
.The Truth About Cuba.
How Cuban Army Saved W all Street
W hat Socialists W ant■ » By Joseph Hansen — —
Fifth in a series of articles.
R u ling as a p o litica l servant of A m erica ’s top financia l interests, D ic ta to r Gerardo Machado brought Cuba’s arm y to peak strength. Since the coun try has no land fron tie rs to dispute over, the desire to have a b ig m ilita ry machine appeared irra tio n a l to m any Cubans. However, fro m the v ie w p o in t of the cold-eyed men who survey th is w orld fro m the countinghouses of M anhattan, noth ing is more reasonable than a discip lined body of k ille rs , armed w ith m odern weapons, to protect the source of your profits.
The Cuban people d id not yet grasp the fu l l meaning o f th is m urderous force, b r is tlin g w ith arms, w h ich had been pu t together under the p o litica l guidance o f the State D epartm ent and tra ined under Am erican officers. They saw Machado, not the m ilita ry in s titu tio n , as the p rim e source of the te rro r in flic ted upon them. A nd i t m ust be recognized th a t Machado d id a ll he could in a personal w ay to deserve the nationw ide fear, bitterness and hatred tu rned in his d irection.
The people acted as people w i l l under ty ranny . Some tr ie d short cuts, ven ting th e ir feelings in in d iv id u a l heroic — i f ineffective — acts, such as explod ing bombs and k il l in g the w orst pub lic offic ia ls in suicidal gestures of despair. The students began organizing more effective pol i t ic a l protest demonstrations. Spontaneous strikes broke out. The Com m unist party , a lthough i t had been outlawed since 1925, gained recru its from a ll sides. A Havana bus s trike spread like a chain reaction th roughout the island. “ This general s trike is a marvelous th in g ,” the w ife of the N ew Y o rk Times correspondent w ro te in her d ia ry August 6, 1933. “ A n en tire nation folds its arms and qu its w o rk .”
Fine Hand of WellesSumner W elles had a rrived as Am erican ambassador
in M ay. He began his w o rk by u rg ing Machado to resign. B u t the d ic ta to r took a stubborn a ttitude. The cu lm ination o f W elles’ in te rven tion was action by the m ilita ry staff. Fo r the firs t tim e in Cuba, the a rm y displayed the power i t had gained. The top brass in form ed Machado, who had b u ilt the m ilita ry in s titu tio n in to a m ain ins trum ent of ru le, th a t his usefulness as president had ended. They advised h im to resign w ith in tw e n ty -fo u r hours.
Machado decided tha t the advice was good. On August 1.2 he took a “ leave of absence” and le ft fo r the U.S., bu lle ts w h is tlin g past his plane as i t rose from the field.
On August 14 Carlos M anuel de Cespedes was sworn in . The conservative son of an illu s tr io u s leader in Cuba’s struggle fo r independence from Spain, he had proved his d o c ility by serving in Machado’s cabinet. He was the choice o f Sumner Welles.
B u t the concession o f p u tting the name “ Cespedes” in office d id not h a lt the developing revo lu tiona ry movement. The people were in the streets by th is tim e h un ting down the w orst governm ent gunmen and executioners. The strikes continued. W orkers took possession of p lantations, m ills and factories. In places they elected shop committees.
As the news came over the tic ke r tapes, the W a ll Street operators deduced w hat m igh t come next. They could lose th e ir Cuban holdings. In those circles th a t is a fa te worse than death. W here could a new strong man be found in a h u rry?
Batista’s “ Junta" Takes OverOn September 5 a “ R evo lu tionary Jun ta ” under the
leadership o f one Fulgencio Batista y Z a ld iva r seized power. The Junta represented p rin c ip a lly the low er officer caste in the arm y; bu t Batista shrew d ly invo lved the leaders of the rad ica l student forces. The Junta appointed five commissioners to fo rm a new governm ent and Batista w ent to see Sum ner Welles.
The students pressed hard fo r D r. Ramon G rau San M a rtin , a m em ber of the commission of five, to be named president. W elles d id n ’t lik e the u n ive rs ity professor, whom Machado had im prisoned on the Isle of Pines. O bviously a le ft is t egghead.
B u t the pressure was so great tha t Batista k icked out Cespedes and named Grau to the job September 10. Washing ton refused to recognize the new governm ent and recalled Welles. On December 18 Jefferson Caffrey a rrived in Havana as “ special representa tive” o f P resident Rooseve lt. A ppa ren tly some o f F D R ’s famous “ charm ” had rubbed off on Caffrey. Things began to happen. On, January 15, 1934, on B atis ta ’s order, G rau resigned.
Batista made Carlos H evia president. That was on ly a tac tica l step aimed at confusing p o litica l opposition groups. H evia lasted exactly tw o days. On January 18 Batista pu t in Carlos Mendieta. This was the candidate W ashington wanted. In face o f protests frqm the Cuban students at having to sw allow th is reactionary, Roosevelt recognized the new governm ent January 23. Batista then moved s w if t ly to smash the protest demonstrations and to arrest the leaders.
Some observers have concluded tha t th is opening stage o f B a tis ta ’s rise to power was noth ing bu t pure chaos. They are w rong. The revo lu tiona ry pressure had risen high. B a tis ta gave the appearance of bending w ith it . He did th is u n t il its strength was down and his own base was firm , then he moved against it.
What He DemonstratedD uring tha t period he had demonstrated his a b il ity 'to
con tro l the a rm y in the interests of Am erican capitalism . A t the same tim e, he had shown tha t he was genuine ly popular among the m a jo r ity o f the professional officer caste and even the ranks of the arm y— he was a ta lented demagogue. H is replacement o f one president a fte r another demonstrated h is tactica l suppleness and his a b ility to confuse and break up the c iv ilia n p o litica l opposition. In W a ll S treet’s balance sheet he was ev iden tly not on ly w ill in g to p lay ba ll bu t was w e ll qualified. No one else in Cuba came near h im as a m ilita ry po litic ian .
Som ething else had been proved. The m ilita ry machine was now so pow e rfu l in Cuba, and in such sk illed and understanding hands, th a t i t was obviously no longer necessary fo r Am erican im peria lism to use d irect in te rven tion. The crude use of marines had become outmoded.
This provided a 'p ro m is in g oppo rtun ity to prove the s ince rity o f Roosevelt’s “ Good Neighbor Po licy.” The Democra tic ch ie f now gave Batista a pow e rfu l assist. He granted a concession. To. show tha t A m erican capita lism had reform ed and could now be counted on to behave as a big
By Frank LovellSocialist Workers Candidate for
U.S. Senator from Michigan
(Text of speech opening his campaign for the Senate, at a May-Day dinner in Detroit.)
Often I am to ld , “ You people ai'e always com plaining about w ha t is w rong in th is country and in the w orld , w hy don’t you te ll us w ha t you w ant?” So to n igh t I w i l l te ll you w ha t we w ant — and w ha t the poor and downtrodden everywhere in the w orld w ant and need and are destined to take fo r themselves.
We w ant a w o rld where man’s inhum an ity to man is ended, where people come ahead of profits, where freedom and equa lity flourish, wh,ere men and women w il l be able to develop a ll th e ir productive powers, a rtis tic talents and human, potentia lities .
Social Change
We w an t a basic social and economic change in th is country where seventeen m illio n people, go to bed hungry every n ight, where s ix ty -tw o m illio n (one- th ird o f the nation) lack an “ adequate” standard of liv in g , where ch ild ren go fo r months w ith o u t m ilk or meat w h ile a b illio n a ire auto baron, who never did a lic k of w o rk in his life , can th row away h a lf a m illio n dollars one n igh t in order to “ in troduce” his daughter in pomp and c ircum stance.
We want to say how the product of our labor shall be used. We don't want any part of it drained off by an idle unproductive minority of parasites lolling in luxury at our expense.
We w ant to be able to decide co llective ly how much of i t we w ant to consume, how much we w ant to devote to the education of the young and the care of the old, and how much we w an t to use fo r the expansion of the p ro ductive m achinery. ,
Economic Security
We w ant security. We w ant everyone to be sure of a job. We don’t w an t suddenly to find ourselves th row n in to the street because tha t w i l l mean saving the p ro fit o f some cap ita lis t we never saw, or to have our job transferred 2.000 m iles away because i t w il l mean ’more p ro fit fo r some corporation th a t doesn’t even have a face.
We want the whole economy planned so that it serves the needs of all.
We w ant the hours of w o rk regulated so th a t some are no longer forced to w o rk th e ir lives away long hours every day w h ile others are sentenced to unem ploym ent and poverty. We w ant to u tilize the resources o f the good green earth and the vast in
dustria l m achinery fo r the benefit o f all.
We w an l planned production so th a t unem ploym ent and ex p lo ita tion and hunger w il l vanish forever from the face of the earth. B u t to get these results we not on ly must p lan our economy, we, the workers, must contro l it.
Genuine Democracy
We w an t democracy. We are not satisfied w ith the form s of p o litica l democracy tha t are boastfu lly pointed to by the very people in th is country who seek tq1 subvert them. We w ant in dustria l democracy.
We w ant a d irect voice in the runn ing of the factories tha t were b u ilt from the sweat and blood o f the workers, and r ig h t fu l ly belong to them. We w ant a voice and a vote in how these factories are run, w ha t they p ro duce, and how much they p ro duce.
We want democracy on the job. We want to be able to pick and control factory management just as we want the right to be able to ~pick and., control members of the board of education.
We w ant dem ocracy every where else too. We w ant democracy in our unions. We don’t w ant our unions led, ru led and dominated by toadies, block heads, careerists or lackeys of the corporations, l iv in g lik e bosses, th in k in g lik e bosses, and acting lik e bosses. We w ant union leaders whose standard of l iv in g is like our own, who are controlled by us and responsible to us.
We also want democracy in political life. We don't want politics and government monopolized by the exploiters and their two parties. We want a party of our own, run by workers, electing workers to
Socialist Fund ScoreboardCity Quota Paid Percent
Connecticut $ 100 $ 94 94Denver 60 5tf 88A lle n to w n 110 95 86D e tro it 625 509 82N ew ark 265 206 78N ew Y o rk 4,300 3,116 72St. Louis 80 55 69Chicago 800 500 63Los Angeles 4,500 2,622 58Boston 350 190 54C leveland 650 347 53Bay A rea 925 465 50Seattle 500 225 45San Diego 245 106 43Philade lph ia 400 156 39T w in C ities 1,700 662 39M ilw aukee 300 92 31P ittsburgh 10 2 20General 80 32 40
Tota l through M ay 31 $16,000 $9,527 60
bro ther who w ou ld never again use a club on sm all c h ildren, Roosevelt agreed to a new trea ty annu llin g the hated P la tt Am endm ent. This was signed on M ay 29, 1934.
The re jo ic ing at th is concession was great in Cuba, bu t somewhat prem ature. Batista, the enigm atic m aker and unm aker of presidents, was busy po lish ing up the arm y, o ilin g its special priv ileges, ad justing the placement of henchmen, tun ing up his m ilita ry -p o lit ic a l machine.
In 1935 a great s trike wave h it Cuba. To push back the workers, M endieta suspended constitu tiona l law and declared a state o f siege in Havana. These acts conferred s t i l l more d ic ta to ria l power to Batista.
Cuba’s new strong man fe lt so w e ll entrenched tha t he decided he could afford to stage a norm al election. A genuine dem ocratic facade, ending the “ p rov is iona l” governm ent, w ou ld have a lo t of advantages. Just before the election M endieta suddenly resigned. B u t Batista s im ply appointed Jose A. Barnet as the f if th p rovis iona l president since the fa ll o f Machado.
On January 10, 1936, in w ha t appeared to be a fa ir ly honest e lection (women voted in Cuba fo r the firs t tim e), D r. M igue l M ariano Gomez y A rias won a m a jo rity . He was sworn in M ay 20.
B u t he d id n ’t last long. Gomez tried to tr im Batis ta ’s power. He dismissed 3,000 governm ent employees who owed th e ir posts to the d icta tor. That was a move Batista had not w r itte n in his book. M aybe th is democracy s tu ff was going a b it too fa r a fte r all. He had Gomez impeached. On December 22 the t r ia l began. W ith in tw o days the president had been found g u ilty and removed from office.
A Senate com m ittee to ld V ice-President Federico Laredo B ru tha t he was now it. Laredo proved to be a more satisfactory occupant o f the president’s sw ive l chair.
office, legislating in the interest of workers.Just as we don’t w an t to be
governed by a k ing or a d ictator, we don’t w ant to be governed by a general whose whole life was dedicated to preparing fo r w ar and regim entation; or by m illio n aires’ sons, who never d id a day’s honest w o rk in th e ir lives; or by co rrup t opportunists who wrouid sell th e ir own mothers in order to get the ir snouts in the trough; or by legal shysters; or by w h ite supremacists.
We w ant to govern ourselves because we believe the w ork ing class, the productive class in society, has p len ty of sons and daughters w ith the capacity, the a b ility and the honesty to tru ly represent the interests o f the m a jo rity . We believe the w orld today demonstrates th a t no one else w ith any o ther background and tra in ing and interest than tha t of the w ork ing class can or w il l represent the m a jo rity in terests in government.
We w ant a hea lthy society, hea lthy in m ind and body.
An End to Slums
Instead o f ^the slums th a t cramp the human s p ir it and s tunt the grow th o f youth, we w ant decent housing, clean and green and spacious, f i t fo r human beings to liv e in. We do not w an t the rapacious real estate interests any longer to keep us from rebu ild ing our cities in the w ay tha t is possible w ith our present technology.
We don’t w an t any longer, a fte r w o rk in g in the factories or offices fo r fo rty -five years of our lives, to be re tired to the shadows and shabbiness tha t are the fate o f our o lder workers, th row n aside like scrap and condemned to eke out a p it i fu l existence devoid even o f medical care.
We want, we demand, and we are going to get from the capitalists and the American Medical Association and all thfe other profjt-hogs, free medical care for all.Our grandfathers had the r ig h t
to w in free pub lic education, w hich previously was restricted to the ch ild ren o f the rich , and we are going to w in free pub lic medical care, so th a t those who suffer w il l be relieved and cured w hether they are poor or rich.
Access to Truth
We w an t education extended to a ll, and not on ly fo r few years b u t a ll the w ay through the universities. We w ant education taken out o f the hands of the lackeys of the r ic h so tha t our ch ildren w il l be able to learn the tru th about themselves and the w o rld they live in and to grow up in to useful citizens.
We want an end to brainwashing and lies and propaganda designed to preserve the status quo. We want everyone to have access to the truth.
This means not on ly the schools bu t the newspapers and radio and TV, a ll the means o f com m unication and in fo rm ation m ust be freed fro m the contro l of the selfish fe w tha t now m onopolize them, and made the common, collective p roperty o f all.
We w ant our ch ild ren to grow
u p s tra igh t and clean, free in body and m ind. We don’t w ant tlr<em to be cripp led and corrup ted by the example o f a ru ling \class •whose mottos are dog- eat-diog, dev il take the hindm ost, and no th ing is sacred but the dollar'.
We « /an t them taught to bu ild th e ir liye s on the basis of cooperation aqd brotherhood. We w an t them to be guided by ideals, ncrt. by the chaste fo r the fast buck.
Racial Equality
We w ant o a r Am erica to be a country w here the standard of success is based on w lja t you contribute to society, no t w hat you steal from it -
We want a land where there is opportunity for all to live and grow, not where some are barred from the good things of life because of ihe color of their skins.
We w ant to b low up> and tear down every w a ll, b a rr ie r and obstacle to racia l equa lity . We w ant laws against d iscrim ina tion and segregation in every 'sphere of life , and we want- those laws enforced as rigo rous ly as1 laws against m urder and cannibalism , fo r attempts to k i l l a m an’s s p ir it are ju s t as shameful and ju s t as c rim in a l as attem pts to k i l l a map’s b id y .
Peace
We w ant a new and d iffe ren t w orld . We w an t a w o rld of peace, and we are preparing to figh t fo r it.
We don’t w an t to be dragged in to wars tha t benefit on ly the profiteers. We w ant the a ir free of atom ic poisons and our food free of contam ination.
We don’t w ant to k i l l or be k ille d by w o rk in g people like ourselves in the Soviet U nion or China or anywhere else.
We w ant no more im peria lis t strife , we w ant in te rna tiona l peace, cooperation and so lidarity .
•We want to help our Cuban, South African and Algerian brothers, which means we want t<j kick out the mon- polisls in our country who threaten them and dominate us.We w ant the r ig h t to vote no t
only on school and bond issues but also to vote through national referendum , on every fo re ign po licy question affecting w a r or peace.
We w an t to use the b illions squandered on w a r preparations to prom ote our own w e lfa re and to lend a he lp ing hand to the oppressed and hungry people of o ther lands.
We w ant a ll our troops w ith draw n fro m other countries, where they have no r ig h t to be in the firs t place, and where they don’t w an t to be in the second place.
We w ant an end to a ll w ar and oppression.' We do not know a be tter goal in the w o rld w orth figh ting for.
What we want, in -other words, is socialism. And we want your help to enlist the mighty American working class in ihe great battle lo win it.
BOOK
Grosse Pointe Screening Would Bar Jesus Christ
By Edith Gbur SWP Candidate tor Auditor-General /
D ETR O IT — Grosse Pointe, w ea lthy D e tro it suburb, has become w e ll known, thanks to the recent p u b lic ity given to the po in t system used to screen out prospective home owners.
Jesus C h ris t w ould be unable, under th is po in t system, to buy a home in Grosse Pointe, according to the Rev. A rno ld D. Johnson, assistant pastor o f Grosse Pointe Congregational Church.
To q u a lify under the po in t system, Jews need 85 points, persons o f Ita lia n descent need 65 and those of Polish descent need 55. Negroes and O rienta ls are barred altogether.
Jesus w ould have fa lle n short by 43 points, Rev. Johnson said, because he was not a na tive A m erican; because his friends were not Americans; because he associated w ith sinners and even ate w ith them ; and because his pub lic reputation was not good: “ He was to be hanged,” fo r his activities.
Jesus w ould also have fa iled on another section of the ques- tiona ire , w h ich concerns the “ swarthiness” o f the applicant.
Michigan state authorities recently held a hearing on the Grosse Pointe screening system. They tried to subpoena records of the brokers running the system, but the brokers simply refused to turn them over. , (Imagine what would happen if a workers' organization did that.)The authorities have now
handed down a decision ordering the brokers and a llied p rop e rty owners to d iscontinue the
. •• r y ; i 11 u 1 1 1 1 ' m i
B EH IN D TH E BARS FOR THE F IR ST A M EN D M EN T. A pamphlet written by several of the defendants on behalf of the Committee of First Amendment Defendants, Box 564, Radio City Station, New York 19, N. Y. March, 1960.
screening system w ith in 30 days. The brokers have not ye t decided w hether to comply.
B u t even i f they do, Jesus w ou ld s ti l l no t be able to live in Grosse Pointe or any o f the o ther thousands of “ exclusive” cities and d is tric ts in th is count r y w h ich practice the most ou trageous d iscrim ination because of race, re lig ion or national, background — b u t do i t more sub tly and in fo rm a lly than the agents of the rich in Grosse Pointe.
A d ve rtis e m e n t
$1 for Promptness
We have ju s t received “ Am erican Communism and Soviet Russia” by Theodore Draper.
This is an im portan t book, the second volum e o f the most au tho rita tive h is to ry of the Com m unist p a rty th a t has ye t appeared. A n entire chapter on the fo rm a tion of the A m e r i c a n T ro tsky is t movement contains facts of rare in terest to students of revo lu tiona ry socialism.
The lis t price o f th is 558- page book is $8.50. C lip th is ad, enclose $7.50 and we w il l send i t to you postage p re paid.
PIO NEER PUBLISHERS 116 University Place
New York 3, N . Y .
A southern in tegration figh ter like C arl Braden, who was badly v ic tim ized in the Lou isv ille “ sed itio n ” fram e-up, de liberate ly risks prison again by invoking the F irs t, or Free Speech, Am endm ent against the House U n-A m erican A c tiv it ie s Comm ittee even though he w ould have been lega lly secure in stapding on the F if th A m endment.
Pete Seeger, a noted fo lk singer ju s t beginning to get new booking a fte r years of being b lacklisted does the same th ing.
L loyd ! B arenb la tt risks . a p rom ising academic career by tak ing the same stand. Newspaperman W illia m Price accepts the prospect o f ja ilin g and b lacklis tin g from his profession.
W illa rd Uphaus, at 69, courted an inde fin ite prison terap fo r his defense of the F irs t Am endment.
John T. G ojack sacrificed his union .position as w e ll as risked a ja il te rm by deciding to stand on the F irst.
T h irty -one others, some p rom inent, others not, d id so, too. Why?
This pamphlet, written by thirty-six First Amendment defendants now in ja il or facing ja il for their position, explains why and how each of them decided to make this particular fight.
I t makes fo r a v iv id , readable account o f a crucia l issue o f our tim e and i t deserves the w idest possible c ircu la tion by partisans o f c iv il liberties.
Introduction By TrumboD a lton Trum bo, the noted
H o llyw ood screen w rite r, who s u f f e r e d im prisonm ent and b lack lis ting fo r his own defense of the F irs t Am endm ent, p ro vides a fo rew ard th a t summarizes the purpose o f the pam phlet.
“ I t is doub tfu l,” he w rites, “ th a t I, or any o ther reader of th is pam phlet, could agree w ith a ll. or even a large num ber of those po litica l, re lig ious and social convictions w h ich led the 36 to invoke the C onstitu tion, since tha t invocation is the only th ing w h ich is common to a ll o f them.
"But agreement w ith -th e ir differing beliefs is neither im portant nor necessary. The point is they are being jailed either for their thoughts or for their refusal to become in formers on the thoughts of others; and this is wrong, and something must be done about it.
“ I f no be tte r place can be found fo r dissenters in Am erica than ja il , ” T rum bo continues, “ then in q u iry w il l fin a lly cease, orthodoxy w il l be imposed upon us a ll, and dissent w il l die away altogether.
“ We shall deserve tha t dread-
fu l fu tu re i f we refuse, through lassitude or fear, to influence the present in w hich it is being p lan ned and shaped.”
The stories o f the ' th ir ty -s ix F irs t Am endm ent defendants makes clear they a ll understand th is point. The collection of th e ir in d iv id u a l stories in one booklet gives dram atic im pact to th e ir common message:
"Most Americans believe that McCarthyism is dead but the jsm still lives — in fact is now a part of our way of life."Those active ly invo lved in the
defense of c iv il libe rties w il l find the pam phlet a valuable com pila tion o f essential facts on how governm ent offic ia ls a ttack F irs t-A m endm ent righ ts. Even more im portan t, they w il l find the pam phlet a persuasive means o f convincing others o f its centra l po in t: “ I t m ay w e ll be tha t you r freedom, too, is invo lved.”
. . . Democrats(Coiitinved from Page 1)
He asked Secretary H e rte r i f he d id n ’t agree th a t a recent bellicose speech by Under-Secreta ry of State D illo n hadn’t been an “ excellent, fo r th r ig h t 7and anti-C om m unist statem ent somew hat ob liv ious to the s p ir it o f Camp D avid .”
W h ile the Congressional Democrats were he lp ing the A d m in is tra tion ride out the wave o f in te rna tiona l ind ignation a t its w ar-breeding provocations, the Democratic presidentia l asp iran ts continued to w o rk both sides of the street. B u t even there the p itch boiled down to promises tha t the Democrats w il l not “ b lunder” d ip lom a tica lly , coupled w ith vows tha t they w il l prosecute the cold w a r be tter than the Republicans.
In his June 1 call for more "deterrent p o w e r" — this country already has enough weapons to "overkill" the world's population — Stevenson joined the Democratic pack in hitting at "budget bureaucrats" who aren't spending enough on arms.
(In a M ay 26 speech where he also plumped fo r “ peace,” Stevenson asserted: “ Under no c ir cumstances w il l we forsake the people of free B e rlin 01- y ie ld to Com m unist threats.” )
H is r iv a l, Kennedy, declared tha t i f elected he w ou ld meet w ith the Russians — i f the cond itions were “ r ig h t.” B u t he d idn ’t specify the conditions. M eanwhile, Sym ington charged tha t Eisenhower had subm itted the coun try to “ Soviet b lackm a il” by no t b u ild in g a strong enough m ilita ry force.
Q uite a choice of peace candidates.
A d v e rt is e m e n t Advertisem ent
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Friday, June 17, 1960 — 8:00 p.m.Alexandria Hotel, F ifth & Spring
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Monday, June G, 1960 T H E M I L I T A N T Page Three
S u b s c rip tio n : $3 a y e a r; Canad ian , $3.50; fo re ig n , $4.50. t h e MILITANT IE d ito r : JO S E P H H A N S E N M anag ing E d ito r : D A N IE L R O BER TS Business M anage r: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y P ub lished w eek ly b y th e M ili ta n t P u b lis h in g Assn., 116 U n iv e rs ity PI., N . Y . 3, N. Y . P hone: C H 3-2140.S igned a r tic le s b y c o n tr ib u to rs do n o t nece ssa rily represen t the M ili ta n t 's po lic ie s . These ajre expressed in e d ito r ia ls .
Vol. X X IV — No. 23 Monday, June 6, 1960
SANE Croup Faces BlackmailSenator Thomas Dodd (D-Conn.) made
news M ay 19 w ith his declaration tha t in dus tria lis t Cyrus Eaton should be ja iled fo r having a p riva te conversation w ith Khrushchev im m edia te ly a fte r the sum m it b low -up. Perhaps i t was coincidence, bu t Dodd made th is proposal the same day th a t the Committee fo r a Sane Nuclear Po licy was staging a disarm am ent ra lly at Madison Square Garden in New Y ork. In any event, Dodd played a s in ister role in re la tion to tha t ra lly and its sponsoring committee.
A fte r the ra lly , the New Y o rk press disclosed th a t its p rinc ipa l organizer, H en ry Abrams, had been suspended tw o days before i t was held by Norman Cousins, nationa l chairm an of SANE. I t was reported tha t Cousins had acted a fte r he had been in form ed by Senator Dodd tha t Abram s was a “ veteran m em ber” o f the Com m unist party .
In a M ay 25 Senate speech, Dodd offered his version of w ha t had transpired. Cousins was summoned to W ashington tw o days before the ra lly . Dodd to ld h im w hat he “ knew ” about Abram s and po in ted ly advised: “ I don’t w ant to release th is mater ia l 24 hours before your m eeting.”
Cousins took the h in t, says Dodd, suspended Abram s, and “ offered to open the books of his organization to the [In te rn a l S ecu rity ] subcomm ittee and to cooperate in every w ay to r id his organization of Communists.”
I f M r. Cousins or anyone else in the SANE group believes tha t th is high-handed v ic tim iza tion of Abram s was jus tified as a means of rem oving the com m ittee from the line of Dodd’s red-ba iting fire, he need on ly read the te x t of Dodd’s Senate speech w h ich was made a week a fte r Abram s was purged.
“ On the basis of the evidence tha t has
come to me,” Dodd said, “ I do npt believe tha t the Committee fo r a Sane Nuclear Policy has taken the necessary measures to create a c lim ate tha t is inhospitable to Com m unist in filtra tio n .”
W hat does Dodd w an t of the leaders of SANE? That they g ive the same tre a tment to a ll o ther persons he chooses to brand “ Com m unist” as they did to Abrams? He does. B u t th a t’s on ly the beginn ing of w hat he wants.
He advises the com m ittee’s leaders that they can make a “ co n tribu tion ” on ly i f they “ purge th e ir ranks ru th less ly of Comm unist in filtra tio n and i f they c learly demarcate th e ir own position from tha t of the Communist. . . .”
To obtain a clean b i l l o f health, he brazenly declares, the com m ittee m ust adopt his stand on w ha t constitutes a basis fo r h a ltin g nuclear tests!
The com m ittee can “ demarcate” itse lf from the Communists, says Dodd, “ first, by stressing the need fo r adequate inspection .”
A nd i f the com m ittee should decide, con tra ry to Senator Dodd, tha t they don’t agree “ adequate inspection” is essential to a test-ban agreement?
“ Perhaps th is is a s itua tion ,” the Senator warns, “ in w h ich rem edial legislation is indicated, a s itua tion in w h ich priva te citizens m ust have the assistance of the governm ent to cope effective ly w ith a movement tha t operates by stealth and secrecy.”
W ill the com m ittee fo r a Sane Nuclear P o licy y ie ld to th is piece of M cC arthy ite blackm ail? O r w i l l it, in the name of peace and c iv il liberties, declare th a t i t welcomes in to mem bership any person who subscribes to its aims and purposes — nuclear disarm am ent — and demonstrate tha t it means business by re insta ting M r. Abrams?
"Pre-emptive" SuicideFor 15 years — since the end of W orld
W ar I I — we have heard, day in and day out, tha t the w ay to prevent W orld W ar I I I is by b u ild in g the most te rr ib le “ deterre n t” possible.
F irs t i t was the atom-bomb. P r im itiv e models, equa lling in explosive power 20,000 tons of TNT, were shaken at the Soviet U n ion as a th rea t o f w ha t to expect i f they sent th e ir armies across Europe.
This “ de te rren t” d id n ’t last long. The Soviet Union produced its own atom-bomb w ith in a su rp ris ing ly short time. So both sides had an equal “ deterrent.”
T rum an thereupon ordered a newer and bigger “ de te rren t” — the hydrogen- bomb. This nuclear explosive is measured in m illions of tons of TNT. A nd w hat happened? The Soviet U nion sho rtly p ro duced its own hydrogen-bomb. Both sides had reached a new leve l of “ de te rren t” capacity.
Scientists warned in agonized voices tha t if; these nuclear “ deterrents” were ever fired by e ithe r side i t could mean the end o f a ll life on earth. Even the fa llo u t from testing such devices can cause genetic damage lasting fo r tens o f thousands of years among fu tu re generations.
■ Have such w arn ings caused stockpilers o f nuclear weapons to halt? N ot at a ll. They are devising s t i l l another “ dete rren t.” Since i t is impossible to construct weapons ntore monstrous than those now p iled in great heaps about the earth, the new “ dete rre n t” consists of — using them.
r This is called “ pre-em ptive” action. I f the w ord sounds odd, take tim e out to become fa m ilia r w ith it. L e t’s at least learn to spell w ha t we m igh t die from .
Here is w ha t Robert W. Kastenmeier, a Dem ocratic congressman from Wisconsin, recently said in the House about “ preem ptive ” action:
“ The deterrent has always before been considered to be the a b ility to s trike second w ith power so fr ig h te n in g tha t i t would deter anyone from s tr ik in g first. Some of us now seem to have moved so fa r on th is deterrent road th a t the ‘de te rren t’ is seen as the firs t strike . A fo rm of deterren t tha t w ou ld resu lt in un iversa l ann ih ila tion is c lea rly no defense.”
Just how fa r have “ some of us” moved down tha t road to nuclear ob literation? For the answer to th is we tu rn to a fro n tpage a rtic le in the M ay 27 W a ll S treet Journal:
“ Every m inu te o f the day and n ig h t huge B-52 long-range bombers are cru ising over the vast unpopulated subarctic stretches of th is hemisphere. E very few hours each is approached at a planned mom ent and po in t in airspace by a g iant tanker plane; the tw o couple m iles in the a ir; thus every bomber a lo ft is assured ample fu e l to de live r its devastating nuclear weapon to an assigned target deep in: the Com m unist heartland .”
H ow m any U.S. bombers are cru is ing l i i e th a t w ith nuclear death in th e ir 'b e l
lies? “ To estimate i t at one dozen would not be fa r o ff,” say the Journal.
As a m atte r of fact, we have no way of know ing w hether the W a ll S treet Journal is reporting the tru th about on ly “ one dozen” now being constantly in the a ir, fo r the same paper reveals: “ N early a ll the crews who man A m erica ’s 550 B-52’s are tak ing tu rns at th is a ir a lert. They roar off from such scattered airfie lds as M arch A ir Force Base ip C a lifo rn ia , Larson A ir Base in W ashington, E llsw orth Base in South Dakota, L o rin g in Maine, Biggs in Texas, and Ramey in Puerto Rico.”
How long has th is been going on? I t ’s a top secret. B u t the W a ll S treet Journal reveals th is much: “ This pow e rfu l though lim ite d constant a ir a le rt was launched w e ll before last week’s brusque brush between President E isenhower and P rem ier Khrushchev at the sum m it, bu t has never been announced.”
Now read how the Pentagon’s “ top m ilita ry leaders” plan to push th is “ deterre n t” — w hich, says the Journal, “ is slated to grow g re a tly ” — to a new level: “ They fear tha t fling ing an a ir fleet up suddenly at a tim e o f tension could be viewed by nervous Communists as a ‘provocation’ ; i t could be the ve ry act tha t m ig h t un in ten tio n a lly touch off a w ar. ,So th e ir p lann ing is based instead on increasing g radua lly the num ber of planes now continuously on a ir a lert. The bombers already c irc ling above no rthe rn Canada w ou ld gain one rec ru it, then another, and la te r s t i l l more— w ith o u t ever con fron ting the Soviet w ith a shocking qu ick m ob iliza tion .”
As fina l c h illin g knowledge on w ha t the b ipartisan coa lition in W ashington is planning, the Journa l in fo rm s us th a t the fa ta l decision rests w ith solely tw o men. One is the occupant of the W hite House. The o ther is the man designated to push the death buttons i f and when he gets a ca ll from the W hite House. You know w ho is in the W h ite House now and you know the lik e ly candidates fo r the next term . B u t do you know the man entrusted w ith pushing the r ig h t buttons at the r ig h t tim e on ge tting the r ig h t orders?
He is “ steely-eyed Gen. Power.” The robot general w ith the ba ll-bearing eyes holds “ unusua lly great responsib ility . . . More than 90% of the firepow er megatons of the W estern a llies are at his fingertips. A few coded words spoken in to the red telephone of his con tro l center, three stories below ground, could head the cru is ing a ir a le rt forces tow ard Com m unist targets — though on ly the President can authorize them to go to a ll the w ay and drop th e ir bombs.”
W hat do you propose to do about th is situation? For ourselves we can’t th in k of a better w ay to spend our lease on life than by figh ting w ith a ll our energy to get tha t nuclear bom b-m inded b ipartisan coalition out of office. We th in k tha t socialism is the on ly th in g , tha t can save us. W hat do you th ink?
That's the Way the A rrow Points
Three youths on a Cuban roadside smile at the excitement around a group who have stopped to talk w ith local farmers after visiting a co-operative. The group included visitors from Havana and two socialists from New York, one of them being Farrell Dobbs, presidential candidate of the Socialist Workers party. That's only a rough sign pointing in the
M ili ta n t p ho to b y J. H .direction of the co-operative down the road but it also points symbolically ip the direction Cuba now faces. According to the latest report, the country has 1,392 co-operatives — quite a record for the brief year and a half since the revolution toppled the dictatorial Batista regime.
Albert Goldman Dies in ChicagoB y Danie l Roberts
A lb e rt Goldman, a fo rm er nationa l leader of the Socialist W orkers party , died M ay 23 of cancer in Chicago at the age of 63.
Goldman, an attorney, was counsel to Leon T ro tsky in 1937 in the hearings conducted by the In te rnationa l Commission of In q u iry in to the Moscow Tria ls. The Commission, headed by Professor John Dewey, exposed the tr ia ls as frame-ups.
Goldman also was chief counsel in the M inneapolis Sm ith A ct tr ia l o f SWP leaders in 1941. A defendant in the same tr ia l, he was railroaded to prison, along w ith seventeen other revo lu tion ary socialists and m ilita n t un ionists, fo r his opposition to big- business ru le in Am erica and to the im pe ria lis t war.
Goldman's final speech for the defense was a masterful combination of his legal and propagandistic talents. W ithout sacrificing principle in any way, it helped influence the jury into recommending leniency on the very eve of America's entry into war when the patriotic clamor for "national unity" had already reached a high pitch. Printed by Pioneer Publishers as a pamphlet, " In Defense of Socialism," the speech remains an excellent exposition of socialist ideas.Besides a sixteen-m onth p ris
on sentence, Goldman suffered d isbarm ent as a resu lt o f the M inneapolis “ conviction.” He won re instatem ent on ly in 1956, and then i t was granted h im not because he had been u n fa ir ly deprived of his law ye r’s standing in the firs t place, but on the cons ideration tha t he had lfeft the SWP some ten years p rio r and no longer agreed w ith its re vo lu tiona ry outlook.
Goldman began his activ ities in the service of the w o rk ing class in 1919 when he jo ined the Industria l W orkers of the W orld. In 1920 he became a mem ber of the Com m unist party . A t tha t tim e, he was w o rk ing as a ta ilo r in a Chicago sweatshop and was' a m ilita n t un ion ist in the A m a lgamated C lo th ing W orkers U n ion. He also attended n ig h t law school at N orthw estern U n ive rsity, ob ta in ing his degree in 1924.
As a law yer, Goldman became increasingly p rom inent in the In te rna tiona l Labor Defense and gained a w ide reputa tion as a figh te r fo r the righ ts o f w o rk ing people.
Despite the selfless service he gave to v ic tim s of cap ita lis t
Group to Protest Fallout 'Shelters’
The C iv il Defense Protest Committee has announced a th ree-po in t program as fo llo w - up to its May 3 demonstration against the national a ir-ra id d r ill. The com m ittee’s plans include:
(1) A n a ttem pt to negotiate w ith the Office o f C iv il Defense in order to libera lize laws m aking i t m andatory fo r u n w illin g ind iv idua ls to seek shelter d u ring mock bombing attacks.
(2) C ircu la tion o f petitions ca lling fo r an end to m onth ly a ir-ra id d rills in schools because of the psychological harm they cause children.
(3) Organization o f demonstrations in fro n t of model fa l l out shelters w henever-they are constructed in the New Y ork area.
“ justice,” Goldman was ousted from the IL D at the same tim e th a t he was expelled fro m the Com m unist pa rty . This was in 1933. Three years earlier, G oldman had lived fo r s ix months in the Soviet Union, and as he subsequently explained, w h ile he had been greatly impressed w ith the indus tria l advances of the USSR and the devotion of the Soviet w orkers to the revo lu tionary cause, he had been appalled by Stalinas bureaucratic d ic ta to rship.
Joins Trotskyists
On his re tu rn , he began carefu l ly to study T ro tsky ’s w ritin g s about the Soviet Union. Then, in 1933, convinced tha t the S ta lin ist policy of refusing to seek u n ity w ith other w orking-class organizations in the struggle against fascism had been in good part responsible fo r H it le r ’s tr ium ph in Germany, he began campaigning fo r the un ited -fron t idea inside the CP. For th is he was expelled from the party and ousted from the ILD .
Several weeks la te r he jo ined the T ro tsky is t movement, then organized as the Communist League o f Am erica. In 1934, he placed his legal ab ilities at the disposal o f the M inneapolis T ruckd rive rs in the epic strikes w hich la te r helped pave the w ay fo r the rise of the CIO. The fo llow ing year, Goldman vo lun teered his services to defend Norman M in i in a famous Sacramento labor case invo lv ing C a lifo rn ia ’s ' “ c rim ina l syndicalism ” law.
M eanwhile, Goldman had le ft the T ro tsky is t movem ent and j o i n e d the Socialist party, though, as i t soon became e v ident, th is d id not s ign ify a break on his pa rt w ith the re vo lu tiona ry - socialist program. W hen the T ro tskyists entered the Socialist pa rty in 1936, on the basis o f the SP leaders’ in v ita tion to a ll revo lu tiona ry socialists to jo in in bu ild in g a broad revo lu tiona ry party, Goldman a ffilia ted w ith the le ft-w in g led by the Trotskyists. He placed a publication, Socialist Appeal, w hich he had been ed iting in side the SP, at the le ft-w in g ’s disposal as an organ of M arxism . For the tim e being th is helped replace the M ilita n t and the New In terna tiona l, w hich the SP leaders ru led the Trotskyis ts had to give up.
When the SP leaders turned to the right again in 1937 and bureaucratically expelled the left-wing, G o l d m a n was among those ousted. He became a recognized leader of the Socialist Workers party, which was constituted by the expelled branches on Jan. 1, 1938.However, the crimes of S ta lin
ism — the to ta lita rian ru le in the USSR, the wholesale murders, the monstrous betrayals, and the cynical deals w ith im peria lism — a ll these wore Goldman down over the years. They served in the end to d isorient h im p o litic a lly as S ta lin ism has d isoriented many other honest socialists. A fte r accusing the majo r ity of the SWP leadership of having “ capitu lated to S ta lin ism,” Goldman le ft the organization in 1946 and abandoned the revo lu tionary-socia lis t program he had tire lessly w orked fo r du ring the previous tw en ty-five ye^rs. He embraced the “ State- D epartm ent socialism” o f the social democrats, w h ich is as fa r removed as S ta lin ism from the genuine socialism he had once espoused.
B u t Goldman .could not undo
his contribu tions to the re vo lu tionary-socia lis t movement. His great closing speech in the M in neapolis T ria l, fo r instance, in troduced thousands o f w orkers to the ideas of revo lu tionary M arxism . I t helped rec ru it many w orkers to the SWP and helped educate them fo r the struggle against the preparations fo r W orld W ar I I I of Am erican big business.
Again, Goldm an’s w o rk in the Dewey Commission investigation and la te r in he lp ing to id e n tify T ro tsky ’s assassin as a S ta lin is t agent rem ains o f benefit to the Soviet w o rk ing class figh ting fo r socialist democracy.
These services o f Goldman w il l be remembered w ith g ra titude by every revo lu tiona ry socialist.
The American Way of Life
Truth and ParanoiaDon’t take our w ord fo r it. The fo llo w in g are ve rba tim
extracts from a M ay 25 Associated Press report:“ N avy L t. John M. Thompson, the ‘ru lebook sa ilo r’ who
f o l l o w e d regulations to the*-
Federal Aid“ A ll Am ericans must be p re
pared to sustain themselves fo r tw o weeks fo llo w in g enemy a ttack,” says R. E. Waggoner, a federal c iv il defense offic ia l. “ A fte r tha t the governm ent is prepared to help you.”
le tte r, today faced possible d ismissal from the service as a paranoid or mental case.
“ A physical eva lu tion board ruled yesterday that Thompson, 37, fo rm e rly o f N orthum berland, Pa., was ‘un fit fo r d u ty in his rank-’ He was e ight months short of a re tirem ent as a 20- year man. . . .
“ The m a jo rity decided Thom pson, a finance officer, was su ffe ring from paranoia when he re fused to sign reports which legalized m inor irregu la ritie s at the San Francisco Naval D ispensary last summer.
“ Thompson, in tes tify ing , cited a case o f w hat he called d iscrepancies. He said he had been asked to ce rtify a tim e card fo r an employe ‘who had been given perm ission by officers to referee a foo tba ll game’. . . .
“ D r. Joseph Catton, a San Francisco psychia trist, testified Thompson could not condone any bookkeeping in w h ich there \vas even s l i g h t l y ‘im m ora l’ fudg ing.”
Do You Doubt Your Sanity?
The Daughters of the A m e rican Revolution o f F o rt W orth, Texas, have been w aging a vigorous campaign against the T a rran t C ounty Association fo r M enta l Health.
In a M ay 19 speech at Fort W orth, H a rry M ilt, a spokesman fo r the N ational Association fo r M enta l H ealth, described w hat was behind the D A R attack.
"They say," he explained, "there is a plot afoot to brainwash the American people into doubting their own form of government and into conforming to world government.
“ They say th a t those >vho don’t conform to w o rld governm ent are being ra ilroaded in to m enta l ins titu tions.”
DAR members also insist tha t psychiatrists are pa rt of the p lo t as dupes of the Communists and tha t the Am erican people are being made to doubt their- own sanity.
Our Rational SocietyWe are indebted to a fr ie n d in
M ontgom ery, A la ., fo r the story of a young w h ite couple from tha t c ity w ho moved to M ichigan
because o f a job transfer. They were concerned about th e ir daughter a ttending an integrated school, bu t were somewhat re lieved when they found tha t of an enro llm ent of 2,000 at the local school there were on ly ten Negro students.
The daughter re tu rned from her firs t day at the new school and the parents e lic ited a report on her day’s activ ities. She gave them a rundow n, included the fact tha t she had lunched at the school cafeteria w ith ten Negro children.
“ Good heavens,” the m other exploded, “ there ’s on ly ten o f them in the whole school. D id you have to eat w ith a ll o f them?” '
“ W hat d id you expect me to do,” replied the daughter. “ Eat w ith those Yankees?”
Today's SpecialSandwiched between “ Baby
S ittin g ” and “ Bookkeeping,” the classified advertis ing section of the Dallas M orn ing News offers “ Bomb Shelters.” One firm o ffers to ins ta ll a shelter fo r “ no th ing down and five years to pay.” A second ad says: “ F a llout shelters b u ilt to governm ent specifications. Doubles as sto rage space and a cool place fo r the kids.”
Un-AmericanAmericans
A Chicago fa m ily is being forced out o f its new apartm ent because the neighbors feel they don’t look Am erican enough. The neighbors smashed a ll the fam i ly ’s w indow s w ith rocks, and the renta l agent served an eviction notice. He says he was “ pressured” to do so.
The u n - A m e r i c a n-lopking fa m ily is M r. and Mrs. Benjam in Bearskin and t h e i r five ch ildren. They are A m e rican Indians. M r. Bearskin is Chicago’s nominee in a na tiona l contest to name the outstanding Am erican Ind ian o f the year.
Mrs. Bearskin says they have been tram ping the streets try in g to find a new home, “ bu t when landlords discover we are In dians they seem to find some excuse.”
“ I t ’s tough to have to take such trea tm ent,” she said. “ We belong to th is coun try .”
In Other Lands
Copper Miners Win Strike in ChileCet W age Boost O f 56 Per Cent
Four thousand s tr ik in g C h ile an copper w orkers ended a 26- day strike M ay .27 a fte r they won a 56% wage boost from the Anaconda Copper Co. W ith th is resounding v ic to ry the m iners have pierced the A llesandri governm ent’s plan to make the workers bear the b run t o f a raging infla tion.
The “ p lan” lim its to 10% a ll wage increases, although the cost of liv in g rose 38% in lf>59 and more than 70% over the last tw o years.
U nion so lida rity made the m iners’ v ic to ry possible. P rio r to the earthquake disaster, 18,000 workers from the K enn ico tt Copper Co. mines threatened a 24-hour s trike . And Prensa L a tina reported M ay 20 tha t the U nited Chilean Federation of Labor (CUT) called fo r a l im i t less national s tr ike to begin on May 27 i f the companies “ fa il to find a solution.”
P rio r to the earthquakes, the governm ent was confronted w ith a s trike wave in vo lv in g over 100,000 workers, professors and students. S trikes spread to more than 2,312 companies and in volved electric, telephone, hosp ita l, construction, salt mine w orkers and others.
Tens o f thousands o f professors, supported by the ir students, struck w ith demands fo r wage increases, more teachers, more schools and broader governm ent financial aid to education.
B u t the s trike o f 15,000 coal m iners in Southern C hile . has, more than any other, un ified the labor movement. I t is one of the longest strikes in the countr y ’s h istory. The m iners held out fo r 65 days (before the d isaster) against the governm ent- sponsored 10% wage increase. They have had no income since the s tr ike began on March 16.
Financia l aid to the m iners from the unions, w h ich includes income fro m benefits run by actors and musicians, proved in su ffic ien t due to the general im poverishm ent o f the Chilean woi'kers. A fte r 54 days, the
situation became so c ritica l tha t the strikers were compelled to evacuate th e ir ch ild ren to the homes of unionists in Santiago and other cities where they w il l be cared fo r u n til the strike ends.
The governm ent has responded to the strike wave w ith police b ru ta lity , red ba iting and re- p r i s a 1 s . Seventy-six leaders from the e lectrica j, telephone, w a te r plants, teachers and some hospital unions have been a rrested. The governm ent claims these strikes are illega l and a ffect the pub lic safety.
C U T ’s answer is th a t the strikes have occurred “ so tha t w orkers m ay lead a l ife like human beings and not as subhuman beings.” The labor fed era tion ’s plea is fo r “ U n ity and More U n ity .”
M an W ho Killed 6 M illion Jews Faces Israel Jury
A d o lf E ichm ann, H i t l e r ’ s henchman and m urderer o f s ix m illio n European Jews, has been captured by the Israe li government and w il l face tr ia l and judgm ent by the people he tr ied to exterm inate.
A lieu tenant colonel in the S.S. (Nazi e lite corps), E ichm ann headed Bureau IV A 4b o f the state security service. This bureau was charged on J u ly 30, 1941 w ith tak ing measures “ fo r the fina l solution of the Jewish question in the European te r r itories under German influence.”
In 1944 he adm itted responsib i l i ty fo r his bureau’s use of gas chambers and crem atoria fo r the m urder o f fo u r m illio n Jews at Auschw itz, M ajdanek, M a u t hausen and other death centers in Germ any and fo r the e x tin c tion, by special task forces, of tw o m illio n Jews in Eastern Europe.
A t the end o f W orld W ar I I E ichm ann was captured b u t escaped a year and a h a lf la te r before facing tr ia l a t Nuremberg. Is rae li offic ia ls announced tha t he had been apprehended in some other coun try b u t refused to state where and how. E ich
mann w il l be tr ied under a 1950 law w h ich provides the death penalty fo r Nazi w a r crimes, wherever comm itted.
5 Latin Countries Break with Trujillo
F ive L a tin Am erican countries have broken off d ip lom atic x-ela- tions w ith the Dom inican Republic. Last month, Colombia, Peru and B o liv ia solidarized themselves w ith Venezuela and Cuba who had ea rlie r severed ties w ith d ic ta to r Rafael T ru jil lo . They charged T ru jil lo w ith in te rven tion in th e ir in te rna l a ffa irs.
Colombia, Peru and B o liv ia acted when the Venezuelan and Cuban charges were proven just. Thus, the Colombian governm ent discovered tha t the organizers of a recent, unsuccessful coup against the elected Betancourt governm ent in Venezuela had been aided by T ru jil lo .
The authors of the attem pted insurrection, under the leadership o f fo rm er Colonel Jesus M aria Leon, were Venezuelan exiles who had been granted asylum in Colombia a fte r the ouster in 1958 o f the fo rm er Venezuelan d ic ta to r Perez Jim inez. They were able to leave Colombia and re tu rn to Venezuela because the D om inican Embassy supplied them w ith d ip lom atic passports.
Verwoerd Meets A Principled Dove
D uring a M ay 31 speech, South A fr ic a ’s racist P rim e M in is te r Verwoerd held up a dove he said he was releasing as a sym bol “ of the peace and prosperity w hich we w ish a ll peoples on earth.”
An AP dispatch said: “ The b ird refused to fly , and p lu m meted to earth as D r. Verw oerd declared: ‘I release our dove of peace.’ Despite coaxing, the b ird refused to move. I t was f in a lly carried away.”
Why npt pass this copy of ih# Militant on to a friend?
Letters from Our ReadersVoided Ballot In OregonEditor:
The Oregon p rim a ry elections are now h istory. V o ting was lig h t we were to ld. Tweedledees and Tweedledums were a dim e a dozen.
Perhaps the attitudes o f the stay-at-homes were reflected by the thoughts of one vo ter who red-penciled his ba llo t w ith these profound words: “ I never saw so many damn bums on one ba llo t.”
I t was g lee fu lly announced the “ vote” had been voided.
G. D. J.Newberg, Ore.
Two. Kinds O f PoliticsEditor:
For many years we have had no choice in matters concerning our every-day liv in g . We elect a “ fr ie n d of labor” to office to “ see w hat he can do.” Soon we fo rge t his name and complain about how he misrepresents us.
W ell, the powers tha t ru le us are not much interested in our g rum b ling or cussing (or p ra y ing), so long as th a t’s a ll we do.
They’re not so bad. They p ro vide us w ith rock n’ ro ll, sports, booze, songs about love in tha t dear old tum ble-dow n shack, newspaper (an ti-labor), te le v ision, and even red -ligh t d istricts.
The few tha t own the earth don’t rea lly hate us. They jus t don’t know w e’re human because we don’t have the in testinal fo r titu d e to prove it.
W e’re sort o f satisfied, paying off a m6rtgage — ‘as long as we have a job, g rum b ling about prices and taxes, paying 1,000% p ro fit on medicine fo r the young ones and going to church to thank God fo r our blessings. T ha t’s “ our w ay of life .”
The real way of life is the good old p ro fit system. E very th ing produced w ould stop i f the ow ners couldn’t make a profit.
Po litics is the science of how
you live . The b ig capita lists have th e ir k ind , b u t Labor needs another k ind , because the in te rests of labor and capita l are d iam e trica lly opposed.
Y ou ’re stOimped? W ell, you m igh t w rite th is column fo r in fo rm ation about any p o lit ica l or labor question. I am sure the facts you w il l get w il l lead you to the conclusion th a t labor needs to bu ild its own party .
H. C. B.Santa Cruz. Calif.
Criticism, Praise And a SuggestionEditor:
I lik e the M ilita n t b u t i t does not appear to be a paper fo r the masses and i t appears to be a tr if le too sectarian at times, figh ting afresh battles of the past.
The coverage on the Southern s it-ins has been excellent.
There ought to be more a rticles on b u ild ing the M arx is t Socialist movement.
A. F. S,Monson, Mass.
Professor 'P/oves' M arx Was a UtopianEditor:
The tr ia ls of a socialist try in g to get through a cap ita lis t u n ivers ity are unending. Roosevelt U n ive rs ity has less in te llectua l pretensions than most. Its students are less interested in learn ing about new ideas than in “ getting tha t degree.”
The course I ’m tak ing on the “ H is to ry o f Western C iv iliza tio n ” (3,000 years in one easy semester) fin a lly got around to the indus tria l revo lu tion and its “ in te llec tua l aspects.”
W ell, the professor recognized the fact tha t the M arxists were an im portan t tendency among the w orkers at the end o f the nineteenth century and even accepted the M a rx is t c ritic ism of the utopian socialists.
B u t then came the payoff, M arx said (ran the argum ent) tha t a ll h is to ry is the h is to ry of
class struggles. In the fu tu re Com m unist society classes w il l be abolished and h is to ry w il l come to an end. Ipso facto, M arx was a utopian him self.
Such banalities should be compiled. Obviously, when M arx said a ll h is to ry, he meant the body of recorded h is to ry. In p reh istory, in the savage and barbaric stages o f society, there were no classes and in the fu tu re society classes w il l disappear w ith the socialization of in dustry. ,
B u t tha t doesn’t mean h is to ry w il l stop. I t m erely means th a t we don’t know w hat i t w il l be like .
M y professor’s conclusion was tha t M a rx w ould be ex tinc t by now i f i t hadn’t been fo r the Bolsheviks (who were ne ither Western nor c iv ilized).
M y conclusion is th a t under a dec lin ing cap ita lis t system a bourgeois professor has to d isto r t h is to ry to make the system seem v ita l and permanent. O nly under socialism w il l the r6al facts be faced w ith o u t fea r and then tru ly free discussion of a ll views w il l take place.
T. D.Chicago
Urban Renewal Funds Co to RichEditor:
The powers tha t be down here are s ti l l using urban renewal funds fo r the benefit o f the w ell-to-do, and to he ll w ith the poor.
Now some of the money is going to be sunk in to the a ir po rt and some o f i t to bu ild an a ir-ra id shelter in the park fo r c ity officials, in case of nuclear war.
M eanwhile, “ p riva te en terprise” is being le ft w ith the job of cleaning up the West Dallas slums.
They are doing, one thing, though. They’re p lanning a c ity w o rk-fa rm . The prisoners w il l get sunshine and fresh a ir. H u man righ ts, what?
Mrs. T. L.Dallas
How to Reduce Your TaxesBy Joyce Cowley
I w o rk fo r an executive and m y firs t job in the m orn ing is to open his m ail. This is how I learned about Research In s titu te Recommendations, a w eekly pub lica tion w h ich has helped over 30,000 executives to “ l i f t pa rt o f the ta x load off th e ir backs where a ll else fa iled .”
For on ly $24, you can get a subscription to Recommendations, w ith copies o f tw o special reports, The Executive’s Own Tax Methods and Tax-Wise Handling of Travel and Entertainment Expenses. The sales brochure promises tha t an executive who uses th is “ more tax-m inded method” can cut his income ta x so sharply th a t i t w i l l seem incredible, a real ta x “ m iracle .”
I am always hoping fo r a m iracle tha t w il l keep m y $87 gross pay from sh rink ing to $70 take-home each week, so I studied the brochure care fu lly . I t included a tan ta liz ing Table o f Contents fo r The Executive's Own Tax Methods.
Do you know tha t you can tu rn income from investments in to C apita l Gain, w hich cuts your ta x in half? That c lub dues and “ spending” (w hich I suppose covers m artin is and the like ) can be tax deductible? That you can pay your son’s college tu itio n w ith tax dollars? That you can “ unfreeze” the cash locked in a corporation , tax free? — “ to m ention ju s t 4 o f the 16 m iracles th is method perform s.”
“ U nfreezing” the cash locked in a corporatio n sounds great. O bviously the corporation has no need fo r i i — no rent, no groceries to buy. But, like safe-breaking, isn’t i t dangerous?
W hat re a lly roused m y cu rios ity was the firs t item on the Table o f Contents, No Tax On Ordinary Income in This Situation, w hich applies to m y ow n case as I ce rta in ly have an ord ina ry income. Item 11, Your Social Security May W ell Be Worth $125,000 w il l be welcome news to m illions o f e lde rly people.
Much as I w ou ld lik e to know in w ha t situa tion there w ou ld be no ta x on m y income, or how to get hold of the cash locked in a corporation, tax free, I have not sent in $24 fo r Recommendations. W hile the “ method” m ay be legal fo r an executive, I am a fra id i t w i l l not be legal fo r me, in spite o f tha t fact tha t we are presum ably equal before the law.
E qua lity w on’t help me much i f I can’t afford the same law yer. B u t I know tha t any ta x load th a t ¡30.000 executives are ge tting o ff the ir backsj w il l go r ig h t on mine, and the backs of m any m illions o f w o rk ing people in th is country
We don’t need a method, or sixteen miracles. We ju s t need a set-up where the people who can afford i t pay the taxes.
Notes in the NewsHOW TO BEAT FA LLO U T — R adiation
expert D r. Jack Schubert offers th is advice: “ Under certa in conditions, physical factors such as cold, shield ing o f parts o f the body, and dehyd ra tion of tissues (e.g., by d rin k in g alcohol) gives some protection against rad ia tion damage. I t w ou ld appear that, in case o f surprise nuclear attack, the ind iv idua ls most lik e ly to surv ive the rad ia tion w ould be those caught dead d runkin an underground cold-storage room .”
* * *
FORE, SUH! — The P o in t Clear, A la., go lf course has replaced the num ber-m arked flags on its greens w ith Confederate ba ttle flags.
* • *
N EW YORK'S F IN EST — In a single recent week in New Y ork th is was the reported box score on one aspect o f police a c tiv ity : Two p la in clothes cops were charged w ith try in g to exto rt m oney from a prostitu te. A sergeant was a rrested on a charge of ex to rtion and acceptinga bribe. A patro lm an was dismissed fro m theforce, accused o f punching a woman in a restau ran t argument. A no ther was dismissed on a charge o f in te rfe rin g w ith an o fficer who tr ied to give a speeding ticke t to a fr iend o f his. A captain was re lieved o f his command fo r no tenforcing departm ental regulations.
* * *
A N TI-R U S S IA N S P IR IT EBBING? — V odka is now reported to be outselling Scotchw h isky in th is country.
» * •TH IR T Y -D A Y S — F lo rida offic ia ls have
ordered Tropicana Products to suspend its operations in the state fo r th ir ty days. The company had adm itted to s tre tch ing its “ pure” orange ju ice w ith sugar syrup. The president of the company had explained tha t he had yie ldedto “ a m om ent of weakness and tem ptation.”
* * *
ANO THER SPY SCARE — H enry Cabot Lodge; Am erican representative to the UN, says Soviet spies tr ied to lay hands on armed-forces tra in in g manuals. I t is s trong ly to be hoped tha t the Reds d idn ’t succeed. The manuals p rovide detailed instructions fo r G I’s on how to set a general’s table, wash his dog, m ix his m artin is and clean his to ile t. E very m ilita ry expert
t h e MILITANTVOLUME X X IV MONDAY, JUNE 6, 1960 NUMBER 23
. . . Launch Negro Labor Council
knows tha t the odds in a w a r favo r the side whose soldiers can carry out these kinds of maneuvers best.
* * *NO MORE OF T H A T NONSENSE — Up to
now, i f a woman lost her husband in W orld W ar I I , rem arried, and lost her second husband in the Korean W ar her ch ild ren were en titled to double federal benefits. Congress, w h ich appropriates b illions fo r preparing a new war, has ju s t passed a b il l e lim ina ting th is double benefit. The metsures now awaits the president’s signature.
• * •
A CA D EM IC FREEDOM — I f a teacher at a B aptis t college denies the v irg in b ir th and other B ib lica l m iracles, he’s “ out o f line ,” says D r. Ramsey Pollard, president o f the Southern B aptis t Convention. Academic freedom is a fine th ing, he said, bu t i t “ stops at a certa in po in t.” He explained tha t teachers have the “ freedom to leave seminaries i f they don’t believe w ha t we believe.”
. . » * •A LL'S W ELL IN ' C H ILE — The financial
section o f the M ay 27 New Y o rk Times notes th a t the reports from Chile on the te rrib le tida l waves and earthquakes there “ convey one reassuring note. The b u lk o f the heavy indus try remains outside the zone o f greatest im pact.” Anaconda and Kennecott copper companies, both U.S. owned, contro l the b u lk o f C h ile ’s key copper industry.
» * *
TH O U G H T FOR THE W EEK — The th reat o f war, heightened by the collapse o f the summ it conference, arouses a “ most sa lu tary fea r” in many people, reports Rev. Oscar Lynch o f New York. He explains th a t i t helps make people aware of the fra il ty of life on th is earth and induces them to get in sp ir itu a l shape fo r life in the next w orld .
* • *
T A X R U LIN G RESCINDED — The Treasu ry D epartm ent has w ith d ra w n a short-lived ru lin g th a t w ould have denied w orkers the r ig h t to deduct fees paid to em ploym ent agencies from th e ir income tax.
(Continued from Page 1)num ber o f local trustees), began to ,laugh at h im when he got angry and lost contro l of h im self.
Eligibility
Before the convention there had been some question about w hether members of non -A F L- C IO unions w ou ld be e lig ib le. The constitu tion provides members of a ll “ bona fide” unions can jo in .
More important was the question of whether the NALC would be all-Negro or open to whites too. Local NALC groups and their predecessors had in practice restricted membership to Negroes. This resulted from their belief that most Negroes, suspicious of betrayals by white-dominated organizations, would respond to it better that way.B ut th is aroused the antagon
ism of most top union leaders, inc lud ing libera ls. A n a ll- Negro group, they charged, was “ racism ” and “ J im Crow in re verse.” Typ ica l was P a trick E. Gorman, secretary-treasurer of the Am algam ated M eat Cutters, who recently said, “ The N A LC should no t be organized any more than the w h ite councils in the South should be organized. In the labor movement, we shouldn’t be segregated.”
For w hatever reason, the Randolph leadership proposed tha t
the p rim a ry ob jective” be re cru itm en t of Negro unionists, then added: “ However, no app licant who is a bona fide trade un ionist . . . shall be denied membership because of race, color, re lig ion, national o rig in or ancestry.” This was adopted w ith o u t discussion though some delegates la te r expressed un easiness about it.
Goals
The biggest constitu tiona l d ispute centered around the de fin ition of “ objects and princip les.” One offered by the leadership was “ to design programs to figh t racism, communism, corruption and racketeering in the trade union movement.” There were strong objections, the prevalent opinion being th a t the N ALC had one ove rrid ing reason fo r existence and needed on ly one program — to figh t racism.
As John W illiam s of Los A n geles pu t it, “ There are p len ty o f other groups concerned w ith these other questions. The M cC le llan comm ittee gets Hoffa out, bu t not me in. The F B I ja ils communists, bu t not the m urderer of Em m ett T ill. No one is figh ting our fig h t bu t us, and we’d better concentrate on it . ”
Had a vote been taken then, th is section m igh t have been defeated. So Randolph got i t re ferred back to committee. The next m orning the comm ittee re turned w ith a substitute, expressing the N A L C ’s “ una lte rable opposition to racism, communism, fascism, corruption and racketeering. . .” This dropped any m ention of “ programs,” and w h ile opposition was s till voiced, i t was adopted.
Also adopted later were two sections giving the national leaders power to suspend or expel any branches consistently supporting programs of the Communist party or fascist or totalitarian groups. A pparently "communists" w ill be allowed to join, but w ill be ousted if they succeed in becoming leaders.The biggest b lowup came over
election of a national executive board, w h ich is to consist of a president (Randolph had no opposition), numerous vice-presidents, a secretary, a treasurer “ and a su ffic ien t num ber of Jay members to give a m a jo rity of one in favo r of the lay members.” (“ Lay members” means rank-and-filers, in contrast to union offic ia ls and staff members.)
Randolph came in w ith a slate of 16 vice-presidents, a ll o f them members of the steering comm ittee. He refused to accept nom inations from the floor un less the delegates firs t voted the fu l l slate down. M any were d isgusted and b itte r at th is steamro lle r procedure.
Women Demand Rights
Then the women delegates, num bering 10 to 15% of the to ta l, exploded in anger. A ll 16 on Randolph’s slate were men, though tw o women had also been on the steering committee. They v ir tu a lly fough t th e ir way to control o f the m ike, then laced i t in to Randolph and le t the convention know they were tired of being discrim inated against because of the ir sex.
The new ly-adopted constitution was soon changed to add tw o more vice-presidents, and tw o women were elected.
Because o f tim e shortage, resolutions on po litica l action and the Southern sit-in demon
strations were referred to the new executive board.
On politics, the constitu tion says: “ The influence o r sym pathy of th is Council shall not be used fo r or against any p o litica l . . . organization.” Randolph pledged i t “ w il l not seek to m ainta in or salvage the fo r tunes of e ither party .”
B u t the resolution prepared by the leadership proposed tha t the N ALC support “ the po litica l action program and po licy democra tica lly devised by the A F L - CIO,” meaning support o f most Democrats; and Randolph ap-
No Greetings From AFL-CI0
N ot a single in te rnationa l union in the A F L -C IO sent greetings to be p rin ted on the N A L C Convention journa l. The only in te rna tiona l union tha t did so was the Teamsters, w h ich offered congratulations and said, “ We w il l w o rk w ith you in th is struggle [fo requa lity and freedom ] wherever and whenever we can.”
* * *“ The members o f the K u
K lu x K lan pay $12 dues a year. The members of the W hite C itizens Councils pay $11.50. I guess we can afford to pay $4 fo r the Negro A m erican Labor Council.” — A B irm ingham , A la., delegate.
* * *G re ltings sent to N A LC
convention by Norman Thom as of the Socialist party-So- cia l Democratic Federation were read to the delegates. Those sent by the Socialist W orkers P arty were not read.
pointed as a “ consultant” tlo y Reuther, who specializes in mob iliz ing support fo r the Democratic party.
An im portan t question le ft u n settled is the N A L C ’s a ttitude to the labor officials. N ot only to types lik e George Meany, bu t to types lik e W a lte r Reuther.
Before the convention Reuther had said noth ing p u b lic ly fo r or against the N A LC ; hadn’t a ttacked i t and hadn’t defended it against attack. He spoke at last F rid a y ’s opening meeting, generously announcing he is “ not opposed to th is type of organization .”
A fte r pra is ing the U A W record on c iv il rights, Reuther harked back to its 1943 convention, where an attem pt to elect a Negro to the executive board was invo lved in the un ion ’s then strong factiona l fight. I t was “ a m atte r of p rinc ip le ,” said Reuther, not to vote fo r a man m erely because of his race, and he d idn ’t th in k anyone present now w ould disagree w ith h im .
Worse yet, nobody, Randolph or anybody else, took Reuther up on th is in the convention. N obody said to h im : “ 1943 was 17
. . . Sit-Ins(Continued from Page 1)
side. By the end of the day five lunch counters had been forced to close.
The momentum of the W inston-Salem v ic to ry , added to tha t in N ashville , was expected to produce fu r th e r gains in o ther Southern cities. A tten tion was focused p a rticu la rly on ne ighboring Durham , N.C., where^ne- gotiations w ith leading dowriv tow n merchants were tak ing place. M eanwhile, however, 103 D urham students, inc lud ing th ir teen w hites from Duke U n ive rsity, arrested in m id -M ay sit- downs at the Kress lunch counter there, were ordered to stand tr ia l.
The M ay 21 [D urham ] Carolina Times contrasted “ N ashville . . . w ith D urham ” but s till believed “ tha t i f we could get enough courageous Durham ites to back up the students . . . D u rham w ould m e rit favorable comparison.”
The same Carolina Times ed ito r ia l pointed out tha t “ local store-owners . . . are pawns of th e ir N orthern management.” One N orthern manager, the president /o f the W oolw orth chain, inform ed stockholders at th e ir annual meeting M ay 18 in W atertown, N.Y., tha t the company w ould continue to stick to “ local customs established by local people. . .’’
Tells Off Company
He was answered by Barbara B roxton, tw enty-year-o ld Negro student, who was given a p roxy to attend the meeting. Miss Broxton, who served fo rty -n ine days in ja il fo r s ittin g down at a Tallahassee, Fla., W oolw orth lunch counter, to ld the stockholders: “ There’l l be more sit-ins and more boycotting u n til in te gration . . . is won. We w il l continue our figh t and we w il l continue to go to ja il . . . We are tired of tak ing the back seat of d iscrim ination .”
years ago. Do you mean to te ll us tha t there isn’t a single Negro in the whole U A W qualified to be on you r executive board? W hy has i t been a lily -w h ite board fo r the 25 years of its existence? Don’t t r y to p u t the blame on the ‘backwardness’ of your members or o f society genera lly . T e ll us w hy you personally have never supported a Negro fo r the board. How many more quarters o f a century must we w a it before you do?”
A leadership that is loo "diplomatic" or timid to give some straight ta lk to the Reuthers is not well equipped to complete the task for which the NALC was formed. •A nother problem revealed by
the convention is the g u lf between the leaders and ranks. The ranks have noth ing to lose; some of the leaders are lo rn and hesitant because they do have something to lose — namely, union posts fo r w h ich they are com pletely or p a rtly dependent on the top union officials. There is danger fo r the N A LC in a leadership tha t is to rn in tw o directions. -
Bureaucratic Habits
The N ALC leaders have lea rn ed some bad habits from the ir associations w ith the union bureaucrats. Delegates repeatedly stated tha t the N ALC , figh ting fo r democracy, must itse lf be the most democratic organization in the labor movement, or i t w il l weaken and compromise a ll its w ork.
They are r ig h t. The N A LC must be democratic, or i t w on’t be anyth ing. Members don’t drop out of the unions when they become disgusted by its undemocratic leaders; they usually become inactive, b u t they rem ain members and continue paying dues because their jobs depend on it.
B u t N A LC members are not in tha t position. I f they can’t have an organization they contro l and a leadership responsive to the ir wishes, they are under no ob ligation w hatever to rem ain members. The N A LC leaders had better understand th is now, .before i t is too late, lest they destroy a m agnificent opportun ity .
Despite th e ir shortcomings, Randolph and the N A LC leaders are aware of the great upsurge o f the Negroes in the South and its inv igo ra ting effect on Negro unionists in the N orth , and are try in g to do something about it. In th is sense, the found ing of the N A LC is an h is to ric act. Its fu l fillm e n t depends on the Negro unionists.
Every w h ite w orke r who wants rank-and-file contro l of his union should feel encouraged and gra te fu l at the fo rm ation of the N ALC . Its members w ant w hat he wants — a labor movement and a society freed from every k ind of d iscrim ination and bureaucratic contro l — and he w il l active ly support them by increasing his efforts to w in a ll w h ite w orkers fo r th e ir common struggle.
Million Hear Dobbs Over TV in Boston
BOSTON, M ay 28 — F a rre ll Dobbs, SWP presidentia l candidate, concluded a successful three-day campaign v is it here today. Th is v is it cjemonstrated g raph ica lly the changed atmosphere in the 1960 cam paign*-
Socialists Draw 250at WhittierBy William E. HathawayW H IT T IE R , C a lif. — The so
c ia lis t v iew po in t was vigorously debated at a meeting o f 250 students at Quaker— founded W h ittie r College here M ay 22.
A socialist tra ilb laz ing team composed of Steve Roberts of the Socialist W orkers party, Peter Buch of the Young Socialist A lliance and m yself had come to the school to sell subscriptions to the M ilita n t and Young Socialist and to so lic it support fo r the Socialist W orkers presidentia l ticket.
A fte r a liv e ly discussion at the school cafeteria was cu t off by the bell, we were inv ited to re tu rn the next day and the large meeting at the S tudent U nion was held. There wasn’t a mass movement to embrace socialism at the meeting b u t there was a real w illingness to consider-our po in t of view.
— the w illingness of people to listen to socialist ideas and to th in k about them.
Dobbs was in te rv iew ed three times over TV. In one 15-m inute live in te rv iew over Boston’s educational TV station, W GBH, the in te rv iew er, Louis Lyons, asked the k ind of leading questions tha t enabled Dobbs to pu t the p a rty ’s p la tfo rm before an audience estimated at more than a m illion . The in te rv iew was also taped fo r la te r re-broadcast over the same netw ork.
Two other in te rv iew s were taped fo r broadcast on Sunday, M ay 29 — one over the Boston T rave le r’s station, W H DH , the other over the Yankee N etw ork station, W NAC. In the la tte r case, we a rrived at the station jus t a few moments a fte r a news flash announcing the cu tting off of a ll fore ign aid to Cuba by the U. S. government. The program producer asked Dobbs to comment on th is development.
In the one-and one-half min- '
utes alloted to him, Dobbs did just that, expressing his anger at this latest attempt to strangle the Cuban revolution
and calling upon the American workers to support the revolution.
In the pub lic m eeting on W ednesday, M ay 25, he spoke to an overflow meeting about w ha t he and Joseph Hansen, ed ito r of the M ilita n t, had seen on th e ir recent t r ip to Cuba.
A long question and discussion period fo llow ed the fo rm a l presentation — so long th a t the ha ll lights, in the bu ild ing were turned off before the audienoe le ft the ha ll — only to w a it fo r Dobbs to bombard h im w ith more questions on the sidewalk.
Despite the fact tha t the meeting took place a fte r H arvard had closed fo r the summer, and both Boston U n ive rs ity and Brandeis were in th e ir fina l-exam inatioos week, about 30 students were at the meeting.
Several students present asked Dobbs to come back in the fa ll to address campus organizations a t th e ir schools. These pa rticu la r students were not connected in any way w ith e ithe r the SWP or the Young Socialist A lliance bu t were attracted to the meeting by the handb ills d is tribu ted on th e ir campuses.
. . . Unionists, Students(Continued fro m Page 1)
because o f labor disputes.You see, a ll reactionary papers
were heavily subsidized by B a t ista before the revo lu tion . A fte r Batista was overth row n, these papers came in to hard times and therefore in to economic conflic t w ith the workers. A t tha t po in t the editors s im p ly abdicated and the unions took the papers over.
I stressed tha t the s trike in Portland of newspaper w orkers at the Oregonion and Oregon Journal should be settled in the same way. The governm ent should a llow the s tr ik in g unions to take over the tw o newspapers and run them so as to meet the w orkers’ demands. ‘ " 'T h is ''p ro posal of m ine was nevei1 i eport6d on, either.
Reactionary papers face tough economic sledding in Cuba to day, bu t newspapers of unions, cu ltu ra l groups and student o rganizations are blossoming fo rth . This m arks the emergence of the sort o f free press th a t is sorely needed here to counteract the effects of the. cap ita lis t newspapers; w h ich lie , deceive and d is to rt in order to shape public opinion to conform w ith capita lis t interests.
Q. H ow do you size up the po litica l moods on the campuses?
A. In the course of the tour, I have ta lked w ith many students about the problems they face. They are aware o f the difference between the trend to con fo rm ity tha t s til l shapes student behavior in the m ain in th is country and the way students in other countries have been stepping in the vanguard o f m ajor po litica l struggles, such as in South Korea. This has led many students here to examine the reasons fo r the d isparity .
These are some of the answers they gave me: The pressures fo r con form ity , they say, are sustained through indoctrina ting the Am erican students w ith a strong fear of being w rong or doing the “ w rong” things. Stepping out of line can jeopardize th e ir fu tu re careers — th is is w hat they are constantly warned about. B u t an increasing num ber o f students are w restling w ith the problem of how they can crack the shell o f con fo rm ity and w if i a measure of freedom of speech.
In the San Francisco Bay Area, I spoke to several student groups shortly before the appearance of the House U n-A m erican A c tiv it ie s Committee in quisitors. I could ascertain tha t
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a num ber o f students saw In the protest that was being o rganized against the House Comm ittee hearings a means of dor ing something about breaking this shell o f conform ity.
The House Com m ittee “ in i vestigation” was very raw and was calculated to a ffron t peop le ’s sense of justice, anyway. Subpoenas were issued on ly to those teachers who hadn’t al-* ready been v ic tim ized as a re sult o f having been subpoenaed by the comm ittee on a previous occasion. A t tha t time, the comm ittee d id not actua lly carry through the hearings bu t published the lis t o f “ witnesses” j i t had intended to call. A num ber of teachers lost th e ir jobs as a result. These were no t sumr moned to the recent hearings, bu t those on the lis t who had not been v ic tim ized were subpoenaed again. In th is w ay the comm ittee made i t abundantly clear tha t its aim was not to “ in vestigate” anyth ing bu t to punish people fo r a llegedly ho ld ing “ w rong” ideas.
Calendar Of Euents
M IN N E A P O LIS Farrell Dobbs, Socialist W o o
ers pa rty presidentia l candidate, reports on “ THE C U BAN R EVO LU T IO N AS I SAW IT ” a t a d inner meeting Sat. June 4 at 704 Hennepin, H a ll 240. D inner 6:30 p.m.; meeting, 8:30 p.m. D onation fo r both, $1.50; fo r meeting, 50 cents. Auspices: SWP.
•M Y R A TA N N ER WEISS
SWP Candidate for Vice-Pres.
On Tour:
SAN DIEGO: JUNE 16, 8:00 P.M. 2972 Clay Avenue. She w il lgive a first-hand report of the Southern student s it- in movement. Ausp.: San Diego Comm ittee fo r Dobbs and Weiss.
• • •LOS ANGELES: SATU R D A Y,
JU NE 18, 8:30 P.M. Forum Hall, 1702 E. Fourth St. “ The Collapse o f the Sum m it and the Struggle fo r Peace.”
* * V
COMPTON: SUN DAY, JU NE 19, 3 P.M., 2112 N orth W ilm in g ton. Reception fo r Mrs. Weiss. She w il l report, on her discussions w ith Southern students in volved in the sit-ins.
•LOS ANGELES
"Lights of New York." SWPCampaign Committee fo r Dobbs- Weiss-Banks bids adieu to W illiam F. Warde and Evelyn Reed. SAT., JU NE -11, 8:30 P_M.Forum Hall, 1702 E. 4th. Gala Social Evening. L ive E n te rta in ment. New Y ork style delicatessen. C ontrib ., $1. For reservations, call A N 9-4953 or WE 5-9233.
•NEW YORK
"From 'Waiting for Lefty ' to 'Waiting for Godot’ " — a d iscussion of social themes in the contem porary theater. Speaker, M urry Zuckoff. F R ID A Y , JUNE 10, 8:30 P.M. M ilita n t Labor Forum. 116 University Place (off U nion Square). C ontrib . 50 cents.
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