What Makes Up a Quality Sanding Abrasive? Vincent Welch 2008.
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Transcript of What Makes Up a Quality Sanding Abrasive? Vincent Welch 2008.
What Makes Up a What Makes Up a Quality Sanding Quality Sanding
Abrasive?Abrasive?Vincent WelchVincent Welch
20082008
What Makes Up a Sanding What Makes Up a Sanding Abrasive?Abrasive?
3 Main Components3 Main Components
BackingBacking
AdhesiveAdhesive
Type of AbrasiveType of Abrasive
Abrasive BackingsAbrasive Backings
There are many variables!!!There are many variables!!!PaperPaper
ClothCloth
FoamFoam
FilmFilm
How Backing is GradedHow Backing is Graded All Abrasive Backing is GradedAll Abrasive Backing is Graded
The Higher the Letter the Stiffer the The Higher the Letter the Stiffer the Backing.Backing.
Grading Scale is A Weight Through Y Grading Scale is A Weight Through Y Weight.Weight.
Grade A is Very Thin. Grade A is Very Thin.
Graded X is Heaviest and Most Popular for Graded X is Heaviest and Most Popular for Belt ApplicationsBelt Applications
Paper Backing ExamplesPaper Backing Examples Paper (Code) g/m2 AppPaper (Code) g/m2 App A < 85 h A < 85 h == Fine Hand Sanding Fine Hand Sanding B 86 -110 B 86 -110 == Hand SandingHand Sanding C 111 -135 C 111 -135 == Hand Sanding Portable Hand Sanding Portable D 136 - 220 D 136 - 220 == Portable Sanding Portable Sanding
MachinesMachines E 221 - 270 E 221 - 270 == Machine Sanding Light Machine Sanding Light
Wide BeltWide Belt F 271 – 350F 271 – 350 == Machine Sanding Segment Machine Sanding Segment
BeltsBelts G 351 - 500 G 351 - 500 == Machine Sanding Segment Machine Sanding Segment
BeltsBelts H > 500 H > 500 == Machine Sanding Segment Machine Sanding Segment
BeltsBelts
Cloth BackingsCloth Backings
CharacteristicCharacteristic Cloth Cloth H stretchableH stretchable JJ highly flexibleJJ highly flexible J flexibleJ flexible X stiff / hardX stiff / hard Y polyester hardY polyester hard Z reinforced weftZ reinforced weft
ApplicationApplication
Profile sandingProfile sandingContour, Fine SandingContour, Fine Sanding
Contour SandingContour Sanding High Performance High Performance
SandingSanding High Perform Power High Perform Power
SandingSanding For Segmented Wide For Segmented Wide
BeltBelt
Cloth Backing TypesCloth Backing Types
Cotton BackingCotton Backing
Most popular material usedMost popular material used
Cotton backed belts run cooler.Cotton backed belts run cooler.
Cotton backing will stretch if wet. Cotton backing will stretch if wet.
Cloth Backing TypesCloth Backing Types
Cotton Polyester BackingCotton Polyester Backing
Very strong stiff backing.Very strong stiff backing.
Cotton Polyester backing generates Cotton Polyester backing generates more heat.more heat.
Waterproof for wet applications. Waterproof for wet applications.
Cloth Backing TypesCloth Backing Types
100% Polyester Backing100% Polyester Backing
The heaviest backing.The heaviest backing.
Used in very heavy removal Used in very heavy removal applicationsapplications
Most ExpensiveMost Expensive
Cloth Backed ExampleCloth Backed Example
Premium Green Discs From CSPremium Green Discs From CS
The cloth backing is extremely The cloth backing is extremely flexible and guarantees long life and flexible and guarantees long life and optimum performance under any optimum performance under any condition or type of material being condition or type of material being sanded. sanded.
Paper Backed ExamplePaper Backed Example
Pro-Gold Discs From CSPro-Gold Discs From CS These super flexible are ideal for These super flexible are ideal for
light to moderate finish sanding. Not light to moderate finish sanding. Not recommended for use on work with recommended for use on work with voids or natural edges as they may voids or natural edges as they may tear. tear.
AdhesivesAdhesives
2 Main Adhesives2 Main Adhesives
What are they??What are they??
AdhesivesAdhesives
2 Main Adhesives 2 Main Adhesives
Resin over ResinResin over Resin
Urea (Animal Fat)Urea (Animal Fat)
Resin over ResinResin over Resin
Very DurableVery Durable
Heat Resistant and Moisture Heat Resistant and Moisture ResistantResistant
Best for Woodturning Applications.Best for Woodturning Applications.
UREAUREA
Paper Application Mostly SheetsPaper Application Mostly Sheets
Made of Animal Fat Derived From Made of Animal Fat Derived From Animal Hide Animal Hide
Not Recommended for Woodturning Not Recommended for Woodturning ApplicationsApplications
Grit DistributionGrit Distribution
2 Types 2 Types
Who Can Tell Me 2 Ways Grit Are Who Can Tell Me 2 Ways Grit Are Distributed?Distributed?
Grit DistributionGrit Distribution
Open Grit DistributionOpen Grit Distribution
Closed Grit Distribution Closed Grit Distribution
Open Grit DistributionOpen Grit Distribution The grits are distributed with a definedThe grits are distributed with a defined
distance and cover about 50% the distance and cover about 50% the surface.surface.Advantages:Advantages:
Less clogging due to more free spaceLess clogging due to more free spacebetween the grits.between the grits.Application:Application:
Great for dry sanding on soft and cloggingGreat for dry sanding on soft and cloggingmaterials (soft wood, filler , paintmaterials (soft wood, filler , paintlacquer)lacquer)
Closed Grit DistributionClosed Grit Distribution The grits are distributed adjoining oneThe grits are distributed adjoining one
another COVERING up to 100% of theanother COVERING up to 100% of thesurface.surface.Advantages:Advantages:
More cutting edges in action, more stockMore cutting edges in action, more stockremoval, longer life, less scratch depthremoval, longer life, less scratch depthApplication:Application:
On Hard, non-clogging materials,On Hard, non-clogging materials, Better for wet sandingBetter for wet sanding
How are the Grits Spread How are the Grits Spread OutOut
Mechanically through GravityMechanically through Gravity
ElectrostaticallyElectrostatically
Mechanically Through Mechanically Through GravityGravity
Mechanically Through Mechanically Through GravityGravity
The grits fall by force of gravity on theThe grits fall by force of gravity on the
coated backing. The grits lie accidentalcoated backing. The grits lie accidental
surface.surface. Mechanically coated abrasives are lessMechanically coated abrasives are less
aggressive.aggressive. The least expensive, and lowest qualityThe least expensive, and lowest quality
manufacturing process.manufacturing process.
ElectrostaticallyElectrostatically
ElectrostaticallyElectrostatically
.
The grits become statically chargeThe grits become statically chargeattracted to the oncoming, base coated attracted to the oncoming, base coated backing.backing.
In the magnetic field the grits adjustIn the magnetic field the grits adjustand hit the coated backing vertically in theand hit the coated backing vertically in thelongitudinal axis.longitudinal axis.
Electrostatically coated abrasives are moreElectrostatically coated abrasives are moreaggressive and achieve a higher sandingaggressive and achieve a higher sandingperformance than mechanically coated performance than mechanically coated abrasives.abrasives.
Stearate CoatingStearate Coating
The additional stearate coat reducesThe additional stearate coat reduces
clogging of the abrasive. It is appliedclogging of the abrasive. It is applied
after the size coat. The color can after the size coat. The color can varyvary
different products for products.different products for products.
Abrasives with stearate are used toAbrasives with stearate are used to
sand lacquer and resinous wood. sand lacquer and resinous wood.
Grit Standards Grit Standards
World-wide there are 3 different important World-wide there are 3 different important grit standardsgrit standards
The first is CAMI which is the USA The first is CAMI which is the USA standard.standard.
The second is FEPA in Europe better The second is FEPA in Europe better known as P standard. Most common known as P standard. Most common used today.used today.
FEPA: FEPA: FFederation ederation EEuropéenne des faburopéenne des fab = Federation of European maufacturers= Federation of European maufacturers it standards are in use.it standards are in use. The Third is JIS in JapanThe Third is JIS in Japan..
Grit StandardsGrit Standards
FEPA or P Standard in Europe = FEPA or P Standard in Europe = because many abrasives because many abrasives manufactures are located in manufactures are located in Europe and using this standard.Europe and using this standard.
FEPA = Federation Européenne FEPA = Federation Européenne des fabdes fab
= Federation of European = Federation of European maufacturers.maufacturers.
Grain Cutting SizeGrain Cutting Size
Grain Cutting SizeGrain Cutting Size
A grain number stands for the gritA grain number stands for the grit
size. The grain numbersize. The grain number
corresponds to the mesh openingscorresponds to the mesh openings
per 1 Inch.per 1 Inch.
1 Inch = 25.4 mm1 Inch = 25.4 mm
Grain Cutting SizeGrain Cutting Size
Grain HardnessGrain Hardness
What scale is used to measure Grain What scale is used to measure Grain Hardness?????Hardness?????
Grain HardnessGrain Hardness
The Mohs scale of hardness The Mohs scale of hardness measures sequence of hardness!!!!measures sequence of hardness!!!!
Grain HardnessGrain Hardness
What is the Hardest Grain on Mohs What is the Hardest Grain on Mohs Scale??????? Scale???????
What is the Softest Grain on Mohs What is the Softest Grain on Mohs Scale???????Scale???????
Grain HardnessGrain Hardness
Diamonds are the Hardest!!Diamonds are the Hardest!!
Talcum is the Softest!!!!Talcum is the Softest!!!!
As the grain becomes harder it also As the grain becomes harder it also becomes more brittle!becomes more brittle!
Grain HardnessGrain Hardness
Abrasives GrainsAbrasives Grains
Aluminum OxideAluminum Oxide
– – Brown colored synthetic mineral. Brown colored synthetic mineral. ToughTough
abrasive grain.abrasive grain.
– – Applications: Most popular grain for Applications: Most popular grain for general grinding/sanding and general grinding/sanding and finishing.finishing.
Abrasives GrainsAbrasives Grains
Silicon CarbideSilicon Carbide
– – Shiny, black, sharp, very hard Shiny, black, sharp, very hard mineralmineral
– – Applications: Very tough grain Applications: Very tough grain used finishing glass, stone, and used finishing glass, stone, and ferrous metals, etc… ferrous metals, etc…
Abrasives GrainsAbrasives Grains
Non Worn Silicon Non Worn Silicon CarbideCarbide
Worn Silicon Worn Silicon CarbideCarbide
Grain StructureGrain Structure
Aluminum Oxide is not as brittle and Aluminum Oxide is not as brittle and becomes more rounded as it wears. becomes more rounded as it wears.
Cost StructureCost Structure
18% = Abrasive Grain18% = Abrasive Grain
15% = Coatings15% = Coatings
67% = Backing Cost67% = Backing Cost
100% = Cost100% = Cost
Finishing StepsFinishing Steps
Thank you for your Thank you for your Attention!!Attention!!
Questions??Questions??
Let take a quick break!Let take a quick break!