What is your definition of apartheid?

What is segregation?

Give an example of

segregation.

Essential Question

•What is apartheid?

Objectives

• Understand South Africa’s struggle for freedom.

A

N

C

…frican

...ational

…ongress

Established in 1913

Sought political rights for blacks

Led by...

ANC began to organize nonviolent protests & boycotts

1931

1948 S.A. gov’t began to further limit

freedom of black Africans

Gov’t launched a

system of….

System of separating South Africa into racial groups under

white control

- Whites

- Blacks

- Coloureds

-Asians

Schools, hospitals, playgrounds & beaches

were all segregatedSet apart according

to race

Who they could marry

Where to go to

school

Where they

could live

What work they

do

Blacks couldn’t own land or rent an apartment in

white territory

87% of S.A

Including rich diamond & gold mines

1959S.A. parliament

created separate, bantustans, or homelands for

blacks

Each ethnic

group was to have its

own homeland

Eventually they

would be self-

governing

Homelands were poorest lands in S.A.

Cheap metal & plastic (no heat, electricity,

running water)

Blacks = 75% of pop. but only 13% of land was theirs

Blacks couldn’t leave homelands without a pass

I don’t have a pass

Only blacks with jobs could get passes

Families were

separated

We have no choice in the matter!

Why not speak up?!

Criticize the gov’t ...

And go to jail or house arrest

(banning)

Books & newspapers were censored

Police were strong (torture was

common)Whites given guns (& trained to use)

1960

Hundreds of peaceful marchers met to protest

pass lawsPolice open fire: kill 69 &

injure 186

“Sharpeville Massacre”

it isolated S.A.

Gov’t banned the ANC & many

were jailed

ANC went “underground”

Formed a more militant

wing….

Umkhonto we Sizwe: “Spear of the Nation”

Turned to sabotage (blew up

RR & public

buildings)

Mandela charged with treason

Sent to jail for life

S

A

S

O

...outh

...frican

…tudent

…rganization

1969

Started by black

university students

Led by...

Education in S.A. must be reformed

(changed)

Let’s protest!

1976Police fired on students protesting

use of Afrikaans in

school600 students

killed

Biko was eventually arrested & murdered in prison

1980s: Protests & Riots

Reaction by S.A. gov’t =

brutality

9/84 - 4/85217 Africans killed

700 Africans injured

10,000 arrested

S.A. became an int’l outcast

‘70: S.A. banned from

Olympics

‘77: United Nations kicked

S.A. out

1986U.S. imposed sanctions on S.A.

Discouraged companies from doing business

there

Elected president of S.A.

1989

I’m determined to transform

S.A.

Mandela freed (ANC

leader)

1990

ANC was unbanned

Parliament repeals

segregation lawsU.S.

sanctions are liftedPres. Bush

‘91

Int’l Olympic Committee lifted its 21-year ban on S.A. athletes

‘91

Legal barriers were gone, but economic ones weren’t

We can’t afford homes

Whites still have

all the $$$

We stillcan’t vote!

1994: De Klerk held 1st universal elections