Corel Office Document - Anatomical Sciences | Anatomical Sciences
What is this used for?ploe.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/0/8/23082140/anatomical... · 2019. 11. 28. ·...
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What is this used
for?
Anatomical Terminology
What is Anatomical Position?
• Standing erect, with palms and feet facing forward
• Is the standard reference point in which all posi2ons, movements, and planes are describe
Position & Direction • refers to the
front of the structure-‐ Ex. The breastbone is to the spine
• refers to the back of the structure-‐ Ex. the heart is to the breastbone
Anterior
Anterior
Posterior
Posterior
Body Planes Three Planes
• Frontal-‐ Plane that runs perpendicular to the sagi>al plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior (front and back) por2ons.
• SagiDal-‐ Plane that runs down through the body, dividing the body into leE and right por2ons.
• Transverse-‐ Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower por2ons; also called cross-‐sec2on.
Position & Direction
• Toward or at the midline-‐ Ex. The heart is to the arm
• Away from the midline-‐ Ex. The arms are to the chest
Medial
Medial
Lateral Lateral
• Toward the end of upper part of a structure-‐ Ex. Head is to abdomen
• Away from the head end of toward the lower part of structure-‐ Ex. Navel is to chin
Position & Direction
Inferior
Inferior
Superior Superior
Position & Direction
• Closer to the origin of the body part or a>achment-‐ Ex. The elbow is to the wrist
• Away from the origin of the body part of a>achment-‐ Ex. The knee is to the thigh
proximal
Proximal
Distal
distal
Movements
Moving a body part towards the midline of the body
Abduc2on Moving a body part away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movements
Turning the arm or foot downward
Turning the arm or foot upward
Pronation
Supination
Movements
Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones
Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones
Flexion
Extension
Movements
Ankle movement poin2ng the foot downward
Ankle movement bringing the foot towards the shin
Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflesion
Movements
Movement of the foot away from the midline
Movement of the foot toward the midline
Inversion
Eversion
Movements
Turning on a single axis Tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder
Circumduction
Rotation
Movements
Movement away from midline
Movement toward the midline
Protraction
Retraction