1 ROBOTICA Lecture 16. 2 Collective Robotics Swarm Robotics.
What is Swarm Robotics?
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Transcript of What is Swarm Robotics?
The WolfBot:Swarm Robotics Platform with Image Processing Applications
Jimit PatelDr. Edgar Lobaton
Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNorth Carolina State University
What is Swarm Robotics?
Multi-robot system inspired from social insects
Ability to work co-operatively to achieve a common goal
“Swarm Intelligence”: simple set of rules for individuals, sophisticated collective behavior for the group.
Research in Swarm RoboticsCommunicationsControl ApproachMapping and localizationLearning and task allocationReconfigurable RoboticsObject transportation and
manipulation
ApplicationsReconnaissance scenarios such
as a natural disaster, search and rescue missions, surveillance, security purposes, mapping unknown terrain or distributed sensing …
Gathering information about environment◦Computer Vision
Existing Swarm RobotsTrade-off between cost, size and
features
Very few swarm robots have camera◦From those which have cameras,
ability to take images at good resolution is rare Those which do take images at good
resolution, often lack ability to process images Finally, those which have ability to process
images, aren’t fast enough! (or are very expensive)
Comparison with different swarm robots
Name(s) Cost per unit Camera
Kilobot, R-one, Elisa III, Alice, Libot, Robomote, I-swarm, Jasmine, i-robot, …
< $350 NA
E-puck $730 40x40 @ 4 FPSMM-robot[1] NA VGA @ 20 FPS max
Khepera III $3,500 HD, logitechCorobot $4,000 VGA
The WolfBot• Low Cost• High Performance• Designed for swarm robotics • Ability for on-board image
processing• Easily replaceable camera and
communication modules• Omnidirectional drive
ProcessorBeaglebone - TI AM3359
◦ARM Cortex A8, 720 MHz, 256 MB DDR2 RAM
- Ubuntu 12.10 armhf - OpenCV 2.4.2 C
SensorsAccelerometer, MagnetometerAmbient Light sensorsIR Distance Measurement sensors
CameraMS LifeCam HD3000
CommunicationIR (Robot-to-Robot)ZigbeeWifi (video stream/ftp)
SensorsLSM303DLHC 3D Accelerometer and
digital compass
Ambient Light Sensors
IR Distance Measurement sensors (~10cm to 100cm)
Microsoft LifeCam HD-3000◦720p HD, 50 FPS
CommunicationsNano wi-fi adaptor used for
WLAN. Used for video stream/ftp
IR Transceiver Beacon for short range, line of sight communication (range upto 15 ft)
Zigbee communication for mesh network in the swarm
Battery and Power Management
7.4V Lithium Ion 5200mAh Battery
Two TPS5420 DC-DC Converters to step down the voltage to 5V and 3.3V
Experimental Results Currently, the Wolfbot is
programmed to receive its co-ordinates from OptiTrack (local positioning system) and move in random directions till it detects an object.
Peak current draw of ~1.5A and upto 2.5 hrs of continuous operation (motion, sensing and video stream at 720p resolution)
Edge Detection ◦Used cvCanny() from OpenCV on
512x512 pixels image◦Execution time : 0.05 sec (at 500MHz)*
* For comparison, the execution time is 0.34sec for CITRIC platform which used IPP canny edge detection at 520MHz for 512x512 pixel images. Same program on intel core-i5 laptop takes 0.008 sec at 2.6 GHz
Face Detection ◦Used Haar-Cascades for face
detection from OpenCV on 512x512 pixels image
Summary• Introduction of image processing
capabilities in swarm robotics research
• Low cost design (approx $500)
• Facilitates experiments on different research domains in swarm intelligence
References1) Haverinen, J., Parpala, M., & Roning, J. (2005). A Miniature Mobile Robot With a Color
Stereo Camera System for Swarm Robotics Research. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2005), (April 18-22), 2494–2497.
2) Rubenstein, M., Ahler, C., & Nagpal, R. (2012). Kilobot: A low cost scalable robot system for collective behaviors. 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 3293–3298.
3) Zahugi, E. M. H., Shabani, A. M., & Prasad, T. V. (2012). Libot : Design of a Low Cost Mobile Robot for Outdoor Swarm Robotics. IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems, (May 27-31), 342–347.
4) Sibley, G. T., Rahimi, M. H., & Sukhatme, G. S. (2002). Robomote : A Tiny Mobile Robot Platform for Large-scale Ad-hoc Sensor Networks ’. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, (May), 1143–1148.
5) Mondada, F., Bonani, M., Raemy, X., Pugh, J., Cianci, C., Klaptocz, A., Zufferey, J., et al. (2006). The e-puck , a Robot Designed for Education in Engineering.
6) Blazovics, L., Varga, C., Csorba, K., Feher, M., Forstner, B., & Charaf, H. (2011). Vision Based Area Discovery with Swarm Robots. 2011 Second Eastern European Regional Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, 149–150. doi:10.1109/ECBS-EERC.2011.32