What is Screen Printing 01

8/6/2019 What is Screen Printing 01

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What is screen printing?

By Ad Versteeg

E V I D E N T

This presentation has been specially

commissioned in English by


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Is everything possible by screen printing?There are three screen

printing categories:

Industrial

Graphics

Textile


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Yes, everything is possible! Some examples of

well-knownproducts of the

screen printer areprinted T-shirts,

jackets and caps.


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Where do we come across screen printing? Screen printed art

is a product thatmany people are

aware of butthere's more,much more


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Screen printing is everywhere. The screen printing

technique is usedfar more often than

most people areaware.


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It is a stencil technique. This technique is very

old. We have beenstencilling for a very

long time. Approximately 300

years ago, theJapanese came up

with techniques tostrengthen vulnerablestencils by using hair.


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Open and closed areas. The screen consists

of a tightly stretchedpolyester mesh on

an aluminiumframe.

The stencils arecreatedphotographically.


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First patents. The first techniques

that are somewhatsimilar to modern

screen printing cameinto being at the endof the 19th century.

Developmentsfollowed rapidly,

especially after theSecond World War.


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Modern machines. Modern-day screen

printers use highlyadvanced machines

and equipment.

Every category hasits own machines.


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Manually or fully automatic. A lot is done

automatically,but often

manually as well.


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There is a special ink for everything. Not only in every

colour imaginable,but also for every

desired materialand all possibleeffects.


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You come across it everywhere in your life. Between the pieces of

pancake on your plateand on the T-shirt that

you wear.


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Also at school. It already begins in

kindergarten.

Solving screenprinted puzzles.


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One colour at a time. The screen printer

prints the coloursone by one, layer

upon layer.


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One colour at a time. The original design

is divided by colourand then rebuilt

during the printingprocess.


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As many prints as necessary. A separate screen is

made for each colour,a tightly stretched

mesh including thestencil with the openand closed areas.


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Ink on the screen. A considerable

amount of ink isplaced on the mesh

and pushed backand forth by thesqueegee.


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Clear colours. From simple to very

complicated andfine printed matter.

Everything ispossible.


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For interiors and clothing. If patterns are not

woven in thenthey are usually

printed.


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Very fast machines. This type of very

fast printingmachine is used

primarily forgraphic work.


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Fully automatic. Paper, or any other

material that needs tobe printed, is inserted

automatically on oneside and comes outprinted and dried onthe other side.


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The machine does the work. This is done in a

very quick andefficient manner.


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The squeegee. In principle this is

not much more thana synthetic blade in a

aluminium holder.


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The principle of screen printing. The squeegee

ensures that themesh openings filled

with ink in thestencil touch thematerial to beprinted.

The material sucks

the ink from themesh openings.


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Mesh glued onto the frame. The mesh is glued

with a twocomponent adhesive

onto the aluminiumframe.


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But first getting the tension right. The mesh, with up to

180 threads per linearcentimetre, is set to

the right tensionwith specialtensioning apparatusbefore gluing.


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The tension is high. The tension can be

increased to 30Newton and must

be the same for allthe screens that areused for the sameorder.


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The screens last a long time. After printing, the

stencil and anyleftover ink are

washed off themesh and thescreen can be re-used.


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A new stencil each time. Modern stencils are

createdphotographically.


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Different types of mesh. Every order type has

its own specific typeof mesh.


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Editions vary. The numbers to be

printed can vary from

just a few to tens of

thousands.


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The heart of the machine. The squeegee is

the heart of thescreen printing

machine.


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All possible substrates. A good ink is

available for everymaterial to be

printed. More or less any

substrate can beprinted upon.


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Ink manufacturing. Screen printing ink is

not the same asletterpress ink or

offset ink and it isdefinitely not a paint.

The pigments mustbe rolled very finely

so as to be able to getthrough the smallmesh openings.


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Many standard colours. The screen printer

can mix allimaginable colours

and in betweentones himself withthe inks available.


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Mixing colours. This can be

measured simply byeye or automatically

by using a computerand establishedmeasurements.


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Additives. Special additives

need to be added tomost inks.


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The machine prints. The printer checks.


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Moving parts. The screen goes up

and down, thesqueegees back and

forth and thesubstrate to beprinted moves onand off the print

surface.


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Colours on top of each other. Transparent

colours printedon top of each

otherautomaticallyresult in a mixedcolour.


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Organised optical illusion. Printed matter that

is printed withtransparent ink in

combination withsmall dots ofdifferent sizes givesthe impression of a

photographic work.


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The four colour process. Seen through a

magnifying glass,small dots of

transparent ink areprinted on top of eachother.

Although all colours

and tones are visible,they were printed byusing only three.


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Primary colours. Red, yellow and blue

or as they are calledin graphic terms:

Magenta, ProcessYellow and Cyan.

And Process Blackto finish it off.


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Not only flat surfaces. The material or

object to be printeddoes not always

need to be flat. Round shapes are

printed on specialprinting machines.


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Big and small. Printing round

shapes directly ispossible in all sizes.


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Rotary screen printing With rotary screen

printing the screenis round.

It is a hollow sleeveof perforated nickelmaterial.

The squeegeeremains stationary

inside, the sleeveturns around andthe substrate is fedunderneath.


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Textile carousel printing machine. T-shirts must be

printed wet on wet,colour after colour,

without moving the

fabric at any time inbetween. Special machines

have been developedfor this.

So many colours to beprinted, so manyscreens andsqueegees.


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Every craftsman knows his trade. Special machines

and inks arenecessary for every

type of product.


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Casual clothing. Textile printing

and graphicscreen printing

usually do not gowell together.

Usually a companyis specialised in

one or the other.


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More than just T-shirts. Besides the T-shirts

and caps, thetextile printer often

also printscomplete sportsoutfits as well asbags, umbrellas

and all other typesof merchandising.


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Glass printing. A huge industry has

sprung up to dealwith the demand

for gamblingmachines, oftenwith companieshaving their ownscreen printing

departments thatare bigger thanmany real screenprint shops.


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Glass ink. Special glass inks are

used to print onglass.

After printing, theglass goes into theoven.

High temperaturesensure that the ink

becomes one withthe material.


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Wooden jigsaw puzzles. Besides printing

wooden puzzles,these types of

specialisedcompanies will alsohave to do thefinishing such as

laser cutting.


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Special equipment.

Special tools havebeen developed toprint on umbrellas,

for example.


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Ceramics.

Such work can beprinted directly orusing the transfer

technique.


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Learning aids.

You can see suchproducts in mostschools.


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Ties.

This is a separatebranch of theindustry, ties of

pure silk, oftenprinted with amultitude ofcolours, limited

editions and rarespectaculardesigns.


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Industrial screen printing.

Manufacturers ofwashing machineshave their own

screen printingdepartment.


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A combination of techniques.

The screen printingtechnique is oftencombined with

other techniques toachieve the desiredresult.


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Technical printed matter.

Another exampleof round screenprinting.


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Special effects..

There are a lot of inksthat are intended forcertain effects.

This is a high-glossUV ink.


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Screen printing on bank notes.

Security ink isprinted on banknotes, among

other things.


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For inside and outside.

Screen printingink is able to

withstand harsh

weatherconditions.


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Fine dots.

Such colourfulpictures are alsocomposed using

very finehalftones.


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Halftones also used on textile.

T-shirts printersalso use halftonesa lot.


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Enamelled advertising signs.

Very colourful andvery durable.

Special inks are

also used here.


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Beer crates.

The crates havebeen designedin such a way

that it ispossible to printon themdirectly.


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Clock and watch faces.

Not only are theclocks at the railwaystations decorated

using this technique,but the faces of most

watches as well.


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Lorry canvas.

They are printeddirectly using verylarge size screens and

squeegees.


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Artificial leather.

The layer that lookslike leather is screenprinted on the

textile carrier. Special pastes are

used for this.


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Rear window demister.

The wires of therear windowdemister areprinted on the glass.

The same applies tothe text and theblack bordercovering the

adhesive layer.


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The dashboard.

Printed on specialfoils and by usingtechniques that

ensure thateverything can beeasily read duringthe daytime as wellas the night time.


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Logos and brand names.

Clearlyrecognisable, thecar industry

cannot survivewithout screenprinting.


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Tiles for on the floor or the wall.

The design may looklike it is made fromnatural stone but in

fact it is fake.


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Glasses and bottles.

Also here a choicehas to be made:either print directly

or use the transfertechnique.

Printed withspecial glass inks.


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Transfers.

Transfers are sheetsof special paper on

which, in this case,printing takes placeusing glass ink.

The ink is thentransferred from thepaper onto the glass,

after which the glassstill needs to go intothe oven.


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Clogs.

Also in this casetransfers are used.

Wooden shoes are

rarely painted byhand anymore.


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Electronics industry.

Track and cells,probably themost common

screen printingwork.


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Printed circuits.

The screen printingtechnique is literallycarried out within a

square centimetre. Very high demands

are set to thedimensional

stability and thethickness of theprinted lines.


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Printed circuit boards.

These are alsocalled printed

wiring boards.

The list withequipment thatcontains suchscreen printed

work is extensive.


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Solar cells.

Made from a thinlayer of silicon.

Metal layers on one

side and a patternof small metalliclines on the other,printed by using the

screen printingtechnique.


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Drawing sheets.

Millimetre patternsprinted for thearchitect and

technical drawer. Wear resistant and

printed on strong,water resistant

synthetic materials.


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Printed art.

Quality printedmatter on thebest materialsand limited

editions. Often composed

using amultitude ofprints and

colours. Signed and

numbered bythe artist.


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Decoration.

Decoration oncrockery forexample, mostly

produced via atransfer technique.

It is difficult to printdirectly onto bent or

hollow shapes.


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Ceramic transfers.

Many transfers areprinted at the sametime and applied to

the crockery one byone.


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Tattoos.

This is also a type ofscreen printing.

This is a lot less

permanent than thereal deal.


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Toy industry.

Inks for toys needto meet specialconditions.


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Very large sizes.

This is a very largefully automaticscreen printing

machine that printsseveral colours at thesame time.


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Traffic signs.

Clear coloursmust be visiblefrom far away.

They are oftenprinted onreflectivematerials.


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Not to be missed.

Clear designs, thebest materials and

visible from far

away.


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Gluing is also possible.

If it is not possibleto print on anobject, then self-

adhesives are used. The screen printer

has all the necessarytechniques.


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Striking stickers.

If a sticker needs toreally stand out,then this is

possible.


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Digital printing.

Most graphic screenprinters nowadayshave digital printersthat they can use toquickly print apicture with photoquality.

Only one copy is not

a problem.


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Printers in all sizes.

The digital printersare available in verylarge sizes and are

used on flexiblematerial as well ason thick, rigidsurfaces.


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Pad printing technique.

In the case of reallydifficult shapesthat need to be

printed, the screenprinter will use thepad printingtechnique.


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Difficult shapes.

The pad printingtechnique works

with siliconcushions that takethe shape of theobject to be printedso that the picturecan be transferredperfectly.


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Embroidery.

The textile printeroften uses anembroidery

machine.


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If it needs to be a bit more chic.

The printer of T-shirts and the likecan also oftenembroider.

This can be donequickly, withmultiple T-shirts atthe same time, in all

possible colours andevery imaginableeffect.


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Where can we find them?

When you need tofind a screen printer,look in the telephonedirectory or on theinternet.

Under the S of screenprinting, the T of T-shirts, the P of

posters, the B ofbillboards or the S ofstickers.


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Everything is possible at the screen printer

This presentation isbased on theinformative Dutchbooklet Alles Kan

bij de zeefdrukker. It can be ordered

via the site of HetZeefdruk Instituut,among other

places. www.zeefdruk-info.nl


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What is Screen Printing 01

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