What is peace?What is a treaty?

Is this a peace treaty?

PARIS “PEACE” PARIS “PEACE” CONFERENCECONFERENCE

Solution to Over-Solution to Over-population?population?

KIA > 15MWIA > 20MFlu Pandemic > 20M

http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/ww1-loss.htm

CasualtiesCasualties

Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  

Big Four Dominate ProceedingsBig Four Dominate Proceedings

Britain > L. GeorgeFrance> Clemenceau

Italy> V. Orlando

U.S.> W. Wilson:Fourteen Points

Germany: [forced]to capitulateto pay

reparationsto lose coloniesto lose territory

ReparationsReparations

Weaknesses of TreatyWeaknesses of TreatyGermany forced [previous notes]

Austria-Hungary dividedRussia lost territory [not even at proceedings]

No self-determination for S. E. Asia

Austria-Hungary DividedAustria-Hungary Divided

Wilson’s Fourteenth Wilson’s Fourteenth PointPoint

Est. League of Nationsdesigned as international peacekeeper

Weaknesses of League of NationsNo U.S. Senate approval [no collective security]

No enforcement capabilities

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

The League of Nations  1920-1946

                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

    

Mandate SystemMandate System

Britain & France gain control of German and Ottoman territories

Set up trusteeship over lost colonies

Germans & Arabs oppose mandate system

SELF-DETERMINATION:

European self-determination [ie.] Poland - Baltic States – Czechoslovakia

Trusteeships in S.E. Asia and Middle East

TreatyTreaty

SudetenlandSudetenland

Polish CorridorPolish Corridor

Pitfalls to European Pitfalls to European HegemonyHegemony

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS:

Reversed economic relationships b/w Europe & the U.S.

Inflationloss of investmentloss of foreign

marketsloss of prestige

weakened colonial influence

POLITICAL PROBLEMS:

Spread concept of self-determination

U.S.S.R. spread nationalist movements

Undermined power over colonies

Enduring QuestionsEnduring Questions

Why create a global peacekeeping organization? How can we make it truly effective?

How has the Mandate System impacted the Middle East?

How can we compare the Bush Iraq Plan to the Mandate System?