What is our place in the universe?. A large, glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light...
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Transcript of What is our place in the universe?. A large, glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light...
![Page 1: What is our place in the universe?. A large, glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light through nuclear fusion Star.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/5697c02c1a28abf838cd9448/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What is our place in the universe?
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A large, glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light through nuclear fusion
Star
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Planet
A moderately large object that orbits a star; it shines by reflected light. Planets may be rocky,
icy, or gaseous in composition.
Mars Neptune
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Moon (or satellite)
An object that orbits a planet.
Ganymede (orbits Jupiter)
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Asteroid
A relatively small and rocky object that orbits a star.
Ida
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Comet
A relatively small and icy object that orbits a star.
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Solar (Star) System
A star and all the material that orbits it, including its planets and moons
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Big Ideas in the Solar System• 1. The Earth’s climate is changing.
• 2. Impacts by asteroids and comets have shaped the Earth and its environment.
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3. Impacts by asteroids and comets have altered the course of biological evolution on Earth.
•
5. Rocks from Mars fall on the Earth. We have found about 15 so far.
4. Comets are the givers and takers of life on Earth.
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• 6. The climates of Venus and Mars may tell us about the past and future of Earth’s climate.
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GalaxyA great island of stars in space, all held
together by gravity and orbiting a common center
M31, The Great Galaxy in Andromeda
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Universe
The sum total of all matter and energy; that is, everything within and between
all galaxies
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How can we know what the universe was like in the
past? • Light travels at a finite speed (300,000 km/s).
• Thus, we see objects as they were in the past:The farther away we look in distance,
the further back we look in time.
Destination Light travel time
Moon 1 second
Sun 8 minutes
Sirius 8 years
Andromeda Galaxy
2.5 million years
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Example:
We see the Orion Nebula as it looked 1,500
years ago.
M31, The Great Galaxy in Andromeda
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Example:
This photo shows the Andromeda Galaxy as it looked about 2 1/2 million years ago.
Question: When will be able to see what it looks like now?
M31, The Great Galaxy in Andromeda
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Light-year• The distance light can travel in one year.
• About 10 trillion km (6 trillion miles).
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• At great distances, we see objects as they were when the universe was much
younger.
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The Cosmic Calendar
Figure from Prologue: Very Important !
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How do our lifetimes compare to the age of the
Universe?• The Cosmic Calendar: a scale on which we compress the history of the universe into 1 year.
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How do our lifetimes compare to the age of the
Universe?• The Cosmic Calendar: a scale on which we compress the history of the universe into 1 year.
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How is Earth moving in our solar system?
• Contrary to our perception, we are not “sitting still.”
• We are moving with the Earth in several ways, and at surprisingly fast speeds…
The Earth rotates around its axis once every day.
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Earth orbits the Sun (revolves) once every year:
• at an average distance of 1 AU ≈ 150 million km.• with Earth’s axis tilted by 23.5º (pointing to Polaris)• and rotating in the same direction it orbits, counter-clockwise as viewed from above the North Pole.
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Our Sun moves randomly relative to the other stars in the local Solar neighborhood…
•
• typical relative speeds of more than 70,000 km/hr• but stars are so far away that we cannot easily notice their motion
… And orbits the galaxy every 230 million years.
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Are we ever sitting still?
Earth rotates on axis: > 1,000 km/hr
Earth orbits Sun: > 100,000 km/hr
Solar system moves among stars: ~ 70,000 km/hr
Milky Way rotates: ~ 800,000 km/hr
Milky Way moves in Local Group
Universeexpands