What is our position on Customer Nutrition, Health & Wellness?
What is Nutrition?
description
Transcript of What is Nutrition?
![Page 1: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What is Nutrition?
•The science of food, the nutrients and the substances therein,
•their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease,
•and the process by which the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes, and excretes food substances.
![Page 2: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
States of Nutritional Health
Desirable Nutritionnutrients consumed support body functions and stores for times of increased need.
Malnutrition–Undernutritionnutrient intake does not meet minimal needs; can lead to reduced biochemical function and serious long term effects
–Overnutrition*nutrients are consumed in excess of the body needs; can lead to toxicity or obesity
* biggest problem in the US due to excess of saturated fats and salt
![Page 3: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
atherosclerosis
stroke
hypertension
diabetes
cancer cells
obesity
heart disease
bacteria
virusesstress
fungiparasites
high in fiber and fluid
high in fruit
low in saturated and trans fats
high in whole grains
little or no alcohol
high in vegetables
adequate in nutrients
moderate in calories
*
Nutrition and your Health
![Page 4: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Leading Cause of Death in the
U.S.
•4 of top 6 are nutrition-dependent
![Page 5: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nutrition and Your HealthPoor diet is a risk factor for several chronic diseases and ailments
–heart disease–cancer (e.g., colon, breast)–diabetes–stroke–hypertension–Anemia (iron-deficiency)–osteoporosis–cirrhosis of the liver–fetal alcohol syndrome–stunted growth
Poor diets kill 300,000 people/year from these top 3 diseases alone
![Page 6: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Science of Nutrition•Nutrition is true science but a young science
–1897 – first vitamin identified
–1940’s – first protein structure
•It is a complex, interactive science
•Research Design can take many forms:–Epidemiological study
–Case study
–Laboratory study
–Intervention study
![Page 7: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pellegra
![Page 8: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Scientific Method
![Page 9: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nutrition, Disease, and Genetics
•nutritional genomics•molecular nutrition•nutrigenomics
New Research Fields:
![Page 11: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Agouti Mice
![Page 12: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How Aware are You of your Nutritional Health?
•overall population is getting fatter
•probably due to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle,
•poorer diets,
•and a busier work schedule
![Page 13: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
World Malnutrition
• Undernutrition: ~800 million people
• Nutrient Deficiency: 2-3.5 billion people
• Overnutrition: ~ 1.1 billion
![Page 14: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Undernutrition
From United Nations (2004)
Undernourished Population: 2002-2004
![Page 15: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
USA Overnutrition numbers
• 2000:
– 64% of people are considered overweight
– 30% of people are considered to be obese
– 1/7 children and teenagers are considered to be overweight
![Page 16: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fig. 9-1, p. 312
Key:
In 2002, 29 states had obesity rates of 20 to 24 percent and rates of 3 more topped 25 percent.
2002
In 1991, only 4 states had obesity rates >15 percent.
1991
≥ 25%
15% to 19%
20% to 24%
10% to 14%
<10%
No data available
Obesity Rates across the US
![Page 17: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Obesity Rates
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html
![Page 18: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Obesity across the World
More people in the developing world are now overweight than hungry
![Page 19: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Problem with Globalization
• Globalization: as the middle class of a third world or developing country expands the opportunity to purchase a wider range of products increases:– Grocery stores– Electronic goods– Automobiles
• Globalization increases the availability of unhealthy food sources– Sweetened beverages– Vegetable oils– Animal source foods
• Globalization increases sedentary behavior– Increase television viewing– Decrease physical exercise
![Page 20: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Changes in Mexico• 1989:
– <10% of the population is considered to be overweight
– Obesity/Type II Diabetes were not health issues
– Hunger and poverty were the main issues of concern
• 2006:– 77% of males are considered to be overweight or obese
– 66% of females are considered to be overweight or obese
– 1/7 have Type II Diabetes and it is spreading
![Page 21: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Problemwith EatingAway from
Home
![Page 22: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Super-Size Me?
![Page 23: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
More Calories are Available
![Page 24: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
More Caloric Sweeteners are Available
![Page 25: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
More Sugary Soft Drinks are Available
![Page 26: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Why Should You Eat?
We eat to get Nutrients.
Nutrients are the nourishing substances we must obtain from food. These essential substances are vital for growth and maintenance from infancy to adulthood.
The minimum diet for healthy growth, development, and maintenance MUST contain about 45 essential nutrients.
![Page 27: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Function of Nutrients
•Energy Providers
•Growth and Development Providers
•Body Processes Regulators
![Page 28: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Energy Providing Nutrients
Food Energy is measured in calories (kilocalorie, Calorie): The amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of a liter
(1 kilogram) of water 1 degree Celsius.
Metabolic Rate (MR): The overall rate at which nutrients are broken down to produce energy for ATP and heat
Basal Metabolic Rate (bMR): The rate at which a quiet, resting, fasting body breaks down nutrients to liberate energy. The thyroid hormone is the main regulator of bMR
![Page 29: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Table 1-3, p. 6
•Energy Producing Nutrients:
•Carbohydrates
•Fats/Lipids
•Proteins
![Page 30: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Growth and Development NutrientsBody Process Regulator Nutrients
•Vitamins
•Minerals
•Water
•Proteins (some functions)
•Fiber (from carbohydrates)
![Page 31: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Why Do We Eat What We Do?
Body Image
![Page 32: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Nutritious Diet Characteristics
•Adequacy–Foods provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy
•Balance–All food groups are represented; one is not overrepresented
•Calorie Control–Food provides enough energy to maintain weight
•Moderation–There is no excess nor unwanted food groups
•Variety–Foods differ from one day to the next
![Page 33: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)Represent up-to-date optimal, and safe nutrient intakes
for healthy people in the US and Canada
They are based on scientific investigation
DRI Committee Goals are to:
1. Set Recommended Intake Values (RDA, AI)
2. Facilitate Nutrition Research and Policy (EAR)
3. Establish Safety Guidelines (UL)
4. Prevent Chronic Diseases (AMDR)
![Page 34: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Nutrient Standards
![Page 35: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Daily Values
Standards used only on food labels to enable customers to compare the nutrient values among foods
They reflect the needs of an average person – someone eating 2000-2500 calories/day
Are much less useful as nutrient intake goals for individuals
![Page 36: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
1992 Nutritional Requirements
![Page 37: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The New 2005 MyPyramid
Process to replace the 1992 model was secret
According to USDA staff:•Keep physically active•Eat in moderation•Make personalized food choices•Eat a variety of foods in the recommended number of servings•Pursue gradual dietary improvement
No more food hierarchies
Influence of food lobbies is apparent
![Page 38: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
What’s Your Excuse?
![Page 39: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Most OftenKnowledge
is Key
![Page 40: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fig. 1-5a, p. 16
2005 US Dietary Guidelines
![Page 41: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Fig. 1-5b, p. 16
2005 US Dietary Guidelines
![Page 42: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Fig. 1-5c, p. 16
2005 US Dietary Guidelines
![Page 43: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Fig. 1-5d, p. 16
2005 US Dietary Guidelines
![Page 44: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fig. 1-5e, p. 16
2005 US Dietary Guidelines
![Page 45: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fig. 1-5f, p. 16
2005 US Dietary Guidelines
![Page 46: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Fig. 1-5g, p. 16
2005 US Dietary Guidelines
![Page 47: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Fig. 1-5h, p. 16
2005 US Dietary Guidelines
![Page 48: What is Nutrition?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56813cf5550346895da699e8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
U.S.Nutrition
Objectives 2010