What is meant by the Americas? / The New WorldPlease turn in your Pocahontas essay & outline w/ attached rubric

Warm-Up

What does the cartoon tell us about the discovery of the Americas?

Who really discovered Americas?

Warm-Up

What is America? Who defined what

America is?

A Homogeneous America

At face value, the Americas seem homogenous… All countries share the same alphabet All countries are ex-colonies All countries achieved independence at roughly the

same time All countries have Christianity as the prevailing

religion

A Heterogeneous America

The reality, however, is more complicated… With a partner, create a list of 10

things that separate/differ between the countries of the Americas

All of the countries of the Americas are created equal…

True…? False...? Why or why not?

Case Study: Dominant Neighbors

Canada and New Zealand suffer from similar fates: both are former British colonies that are often compared or eclipsed by their larger neighbors, the United States and Australia Why then, are generalizations made about these

two countries? Why are they seen as devoid of their own

identities by outsiders? Are there other countries that are treated in a

similar manner?

Should the United States dominate a regional study course? To some the answer is

unequivocally yes… Let’s Take a Look…

IB COMMAND TERMS

To what extent = asks you to consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept. Opinions and conclusions should be presented clearly and supported with appropriate evidence and sound argument.

QUICKWRITE:USA! USA! USA! vs.USA!, CANADA!, PERU!, etc.

Please fully respond to the following prompt… To what extent should the United States dominate

a regional study course such as IB History of the Americas?

Please underline your thesis statement

For Homework:

Complete the Map of the AmericasBe sure to include all countries, oceans, seas, and the Mississippi and Amazon Rivers

Warm-Up: Quickwrite

Based on what you have read, seen, and heard, why do you believe that European society was more likely to explore the Americas than the other way around?

Indian settlement of America

Locations of Major Indian Groupsand Culture Areas

Simple map of subsistence methods in the pre-Columbus Americas

hunter gatherers simple farming

societies complex farming

societies (tribal chiefdoms or civilization)

Columbus’ “New World”

Columbus’s first voyage, 1492

America Before Columbus

Columbus reaches the Americas…

Take notes on… The “dramatized” first interaction between the

two “sides” (realistic or unrealistic?) The notion of “give and take” between the two

“sides” (who gets the better end of the deal)

Columbian Exchange

“Columbian Exchange Contest”

With a partner, identify the “winners” and “losers” in the “Columbian Exchange Contest”

1. Determine which area (Africa, Europe, or the New World) benefited most from the Columbian Exchange

2. Determine the one element (other than disease) that had the most profound impact on Africa, Europe, and the New World

3. Compare the experiences of these different areas of the world in a whole-class discussion

The Invasion of America

Comparing Perspectives: Juan Gines de Sepulveda & Bartolome de Las Casas

&

SOAPSTone: Reading Strategy Guide

SPEAKER—Who is the voice who tells the story? OCCASION—What is the time and the place of the

piece – the context that the writing to happen? AUDIENCE—Who is the audience – the groups of

readers for which this piece was intended for? PURPOSE—Why was this text written? SUBJECT—What is the general topic, content, and

ideas contained in the text? Tone—What is the attitude of the author?

HOMEWORK! READ CHAPTER 6 FROM AMERICAN PAGEANT ; Compare and Contrast it with People’s History

Comparing Perspectives

1. Read Juan Gines Sepulveda… (1547) [pgs. 3-4]; Complete SOAPSTone questions and answer…

2. Read Bartolome de Las Casas… (1552) [pgs. 4-6]; Complete SOAPSTone questions and answer…

Comparing Perspectives

a. What differences does Sepulveda emphasize between Europeans (especially Spaniards) and the Indians?

b. On what grounds does Sepulveda assert the superiority of European culture?

c. How are de Las Casas views of the Indians different from those of Sepulveda?

d. What ideas did the two debaters share?

Warm-Up:America Before Columbus

While watching, answer the guiding questions and consider… To what extent was the discovery/exploration of

the “New World” considered a success story?

Map Study: Colonial vs. Modern America

Consider the two maps and answer the related questions… The given map shows European

colonies in the Americas around 1763

Your self-created map of the Americas should reflect the present day borders / countries

P.E.R.S.I.A. Notes on “The New World”

P.E.R

.S.I.A

.

Political

Economic

Religious

Social

Intellectual

Artistic

Political control(lers) in the New World Administration and government of the British and

Iberian colonies ≈ expression of those of the motherlands

Political control(lers) in the New World: Spaniards

Reflected the centralized, absolutist regimes of their home countries From 1516 to 1700, Spain and the Spanish Empire were ruled

by the Habsburg monarchy

Political control(lers) in the New World: Spaniards

Had an extensive body of laws deals with the administration of the new world = complex bureaucratic and legal system

Political control(lers) in the New World: Spaniards

“Decision makers” were Spanish-born and referred to as peninsulares

Creoles were virtually excluded from administrative tasks until… Cabildo (town councils)

administrative posts began to be sold to the highest bidder in the late 17th century

Political control(lers) in the New World: Portuguese

Much like the Spanish Empire, high developed, costly bureaucracies emerged Thwarts local economic initiative Thwarts political experimentation

Political control(lers) in the New World: Portuguese

Unlike the Spanish colonies, Portuguese rule was relatively relaxed in Brazil No colonial administration until

the 18th century

Political control(lers) in the New World: English

Represents an extension of the English Parliament Based on common law Governance was an

administrative and judicial system

Political control(lers) in the New World: English

English colonies had the power of self-government Representative assemblies

voted in by popular support

Economic systems of the New World

Colonial economy directly tied to mercantilism

Economic systems of the New World:English

British begin passing regulatory laws to benefit their own economy Colonies not allowed to compete

with Britain in manufacturing Navigation Acts—protectionist

laws

Economic systems of the New World:English Many colonists defied the

restrictions of the Navigation Acts and British government was often lax in enforcement Leads to salutary neglect

Economic systems of the New World:Spaniards Unlike the English, Spanish mercantilism was

tightly enforced… Monopoly ports on either side of the Atlantic

oversaw the collection of taxes Transatlantic trade mostly confined to convoys

Low supplies of manufactured goods leads to price inflation

Economic systems of the New World:Spaniards Profitability problem…

raw materials a small % of cargo (gold/silver much higher %)

Spain sent the raw materials to foreign countries for production of finished goods

Economic systems of the New World:Spaniards Intra-continental trade develops

Emergence of new classes of elites but also downtrodden

Social Systems of the New World:Push / Pull Factors

Social Systems of the New World:English

Usually came in family groups or even as whole communities

Social structure largely based on (economic) class

Social Systems of the New World:Spanish

Spanish emigrants did not come as family units Mostly single men came

over as soldiers, officials, or laborers

Much denser indigenous population (and lack of family units) leads to more intermarriage and interracial relationships

Social Systems of the New World:Spanish

Racial classifications from the basis of maintaining class and power distinctions Society has a highly

complex racial make-up

Social Systems of the New World:Spanish

CASTAS

Role of Religion in the New World

Americas were colonized by Europeans who wanted to extend the influence of Christianity Spanish America dominated by the

Roman Catholic Church British colonies were mostly

Protestant

Role of Religion in the New World:Spaniards Catholic Church played a

significant and vital role in the colonies Education Culture Evangelization of native population Corporate owner of land, real

estate, and capital

Role of Religion in the New World:English Plurality of faith was the norm What people believed depended on where

they lived New England colonists were largely Puritans Middle colonists were a mixture of religions

including Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, and Jews Southern colonists had a mixture of religions

including Baptists and Anglicans

Questions? Comments?

Typically, after we complete a topic of study (see unit plan), the PPT will be made available on my Weebly following the completion of the “section”

But… Take good notes during lectures utilizing techniques like

summarizing and paraphrasing to help you “get it” the first time

Introduction to Internal Assessment What is an IA?

A written investigation of a historical concept(s), event(s), or situation(s) which has been narrowed and made as specific as possible.

Introduction to Internal AssessmentSkills which need to be understood and

conveyed in your investigation: How to make strong arguments. The tools of historiography. The difference between narrative data and analysis of

data. Should provide the reader with an understanding of

your appreciation for the limits of historical “knowledge.”

How should this investigation be organized?

A: Plan of the Investigation (3 Marks)

B: Summary of Evidence (6 Marks)

Narrative Information ONLY - frequently cited

C: Evaluation of Sources (5 Marks)

Analysis of any two sources used for B

D: Analysis (6 Marks)

Analysis of the information in section B

E: Conclusion (2 Marks)

A clear answer to your question

List of Sources and Word Limit (3 Marks)

TOTAL 25 Marks

History IA Title

1. Titles should start out with the general topic: “An investigation….”

2. Titles should end with a more specific question.

Example:

An investigation into German social history: How successfully did Hitler promote the ideal of the

family in the Third Reich?

Choosing an appropriate titlewill lead to an appropriate investigation

Which title is probably easier to investigate and discuss effectively with the 2000 word limit? Why?

TITLE A:

An investigation into African warfare:

Why did the British Army struggle Southern Africa during the 1870s?

TITLE B:

An investigation into African colonial warfare:

To what extent was the defeat of the British by the Zulu at Isandlwna in 1879 due to the mistakes made by Lord

Chelmsford?

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE:

An Investigation into Soviet Domestic Policies: To what extent was Stalin’s First Five Year Plan Successful?

John SmithCandidate Number: 734-0134History Internal AssessmentJanuary 24th, 2013Word Count:: 1956

Section A: The Plan of Investigation(100-150 words) Essentially there are three steps you must cover in Section A: Brief background/contextual information is provided about the

importance of topic or situation. The specific thesis question and topic of investigation are clearly

presented. (This can be presented at the top of the section!) The methods/strategies and/or scope of investigation are clearly

explained to the audience.

All of this in ONE paragraph!

Section A: The Plan of InvestigationSuggestions Be concise Clearly show how you are going to tackle or address

the investigation. In other words, what methods you will use to argue your thesis effectively.

Please don’t just say you are going to “summarize the evidence, evaluate sources and analyze to support my conclusion.” .

Be objective - don’t exaggerate! For instance, don’t say “it will be proven that….”

Phase One: Topic Selection & Preliminary Thesis

Narrow down your topic to a specific question/area of investigation

Choose a working title that may be changed/revised later

Obtain sufficient resources for your investigation

Read widely around the area of study and write down resources used

Draft a working thesis in the form of a question

Take notes from your chosen resources, include exact references

Due Date: 9/17 (A) & 9/18 (B)