What is MBT - IEA Bioenergy · MBT before an existing incinerator Household waste Small business...
Transcript of What is MBT - IEA Bioenergy · MBT before an existing incinerator Household waste Small business...
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Mechanical-Biological Treatment :A must for future waste upgrading
technologies
Arthur Wellinger Task Leader
Task 37
What is MBT ?
• Mechanical-Biological-Treatment (MBT) processes household waste by mechanically separating some parts of the waste and biologically treating others
• MBT is a very flexible waste management tool but seldom a stand-alone technology
• MBT is a well established waste upgrading technology in most parts of Europe
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The two basic functions
• M(echanical treatment) refers to sorting, size reduction, separation and sieving technologies achieving separation of potentially useful products and streams for biological treatments
• B(iological treatment) refers to anaerobic and/or aerobic or processes which convert the organic fraction into a compost-like material and biogas
What are the goals of MBT ?
• Help to meet landfill diversion targets
• Boost recycling performance
• Reduce the need for incineration
• Improve product quality• Avoid source separation• Minimise waste processing cost
• Reduce implementation time (less public concern)
Yes, but not everything at the same time
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What type of waste is MBT suited ?
Entire MSW: Black bag
• Key role plays the mechanical part. It has to be robust and flexible• Hand sorting has often to be included• M is to prepare input to B rather than recycling
Source separated residual waste: Grey bag
• Lower quantities of waste for M treatment • Less sophisticated M (shredding, sorting, etc.)
The most widespread options for MBT
Mechanical treatment
Dry recyclables
Rejects
MSWAD Aerobic
Biogas „Compost“
Make energy & landfill
Produce Biogas & soil improver
Mechanical treatment
Dry recyclables
RDF I
MSWAD Aerobic
Biogas Landfill
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The lowest cost option for MBT
Partial MBT treatment with landfilling
Mechanical treatment
Dry recyclables Landfill
MSWAD Aerobic
Biogas LandfillLandfill
The ecologically best solution
Household Waste Grey RDF I Waste OFMSW Surface Application RDF II
Fertilizer Compost
Source Separation
Digestion
Mechanical Separation
Digestion
Post-treatment
Dedicated Combustion
Thermal treatment
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Percentage of Population hooked to an MBT
Martin Steiner, 2005
Countries with the highest share of MBTInstalled capacity of operational facilities by location
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Israel
Portugal
Japan
Turkey
Poland
UK
Canada
Belgium
France
USA
Austria
Netherland
Australia
Spain
Germany
Italy
Input Capacity (in 1'000 Tonnes per annum)
6'500
5'700
Total installed capacitiy approx. 20m tons
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Commercially available MBT systems
In total there are more than 50 technology providers claiming experience with MBT.
Only 26 processes have full-scale operating plants:
Germany: BiodegmaBTA/MATHaaseHeseHorstmannISKALindeNehlsenRosRocaSutco
UK: CIVICNew EarthWastec
Austria: KomptechVKW
Italy: SCTEcoDeco
NL: Grontmij
CH: Kompogas
B: OWS
SF: CitecRumen
F: Valorga
USA: Bedminster
Israel: ArrowBio
Canada: Wright
MBT with AD: Dry digestionExample: Valorga
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MBT with AD: Dry digestionExample: Valorga
MBT with AD: Dry digestionExample: Valorga
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MBT with AD: Wet digestion (1)Example: Omrin
1 = waste storage2 = separation unit3 = washing unit4 = digestion unit5 = power plant
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MBT with AD: Wet digestion (2)Example: Omrin
220,000 tonnes
100%
Paper/plastics
16%
Ferro/
non-ferro
3%
RDF
40%
(OFMSW)(41%)
Inert
6%
Water
suspension
20750
(9,4%)
Sand5%
Residue3%
Organics36%
Biogas
6%
Effluent14%
Digestate
16%
Separation unit Washing unit Digestion unit
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MBT with AD: Wet digestion (3)
Example: Omrin
MBT with AD: Percolation (1)
Example: UR-3R Sydney
Plant thruput: 175’00 tpyLandifill diversion: 80%
Income from: gate feeelectricity
Recycled prodOGM
CO2-equivalent
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MBT with AD: Percolation (2)
Example: UR-3R Sydney
MBT with AD: Percolation (3)
Example: UR-3R Sydney
Percolation Organic fraction
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MBT with AD: Percolation (4)
Example: UR-3R Sydney
Digestion
MBT with AD: Percolation (5)
Example: UR-3R Sydney
Composting & Refining
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Can we afford MBT ?
Type calculations based on the percolation system: 1. Mass balance
Household waste
Mech. treatment
Fe 3% > 120mm 12%
Percolator
Sand3%
Water11.3%
Degradation 1%
DigesterBiogas8.5%
Composting Mech. treatment
Water10%
> 60mm 8%
Landfill43%
MBT before an existing incinerator
Household waste
Small business waste
Household waste
Mech. treatment
Fe 3%
> 120mm 12%
Percolator
Sand3%
Water11.3%
Degradation 1%
DigesterBiogas8.5%
Incineration
140‘000 tpy
86‘000 tpy
17‘000 tpy
+ 25‘700 tpy small business waste+ 11‘300 tpy household waste
103 € per t
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MBT & incineration: Household waste„grey bag“
Household waste
Household waste
Mech. treatment
Fe 3%
> 120mm 12%
Percolator
Sand3%
Water11.3%
Degradation 1%
DigesterBiogas8.5%
Incineration
140‘000 tpy
86‘000 tpy
17‘000 tpy
+ 48‘400 tpy household waste
79 € per t
MBT, incineration & landfill
> 60mm 8%
Household waste
Mech. treatment
Fe 3%
> 120mm 12%
Percolator
Sand3%
Water11.3%
Degradation 1%
DigesterBiogas8.5%
Composting Mech. treatment
Water10%
Landfill43%
Incineration
140‘000 tpy
17‘000 tpy 11‘000 tpy
60‘000 tpy
28‘000 tpy RDF @ 150€/t60‘000 tpy landfill @ 40€/t
79 € per ton
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Conclusions
• MBT is a low cost and reliable option within the processes of waste upgrading
• It is particularly well suited in developed countries where landfill capacities are still available and emissions are to be reduced
•It is a low cost option to allow more waste to be treated in an existing incineration plant
• It is an excellent and cost efficient tool in developing countries where most of the (organic rich) waste is still dumped
• It is an excellent means to produce soil improvers for arid areas