What is LIGO (LSC/GEO/Virgo/…)?
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LIGO-GXX
What is LIGO (LSC/GEO/Virgo/…)?Gabriela González,
Louisiana State University
For the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration
LIGO Livingston Observatory,Louisiana, USA
LIGO Hanford ObservatoryWashington, USA
Virgo detector, Cascina, Italy
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LIGO-GXX2
Gravitational waves
Gravitational waves are quadrupolar distortions of distances between freely falling masses. They are
produced by time-varying mass quadrupoles.
+, x and averaged strain sensitivityLIGO-T970101
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LIGO-GXX3
Not a simple Michelson interferometer!
Rep. Prog. Phys. 72 (2009) 076901 arXiv:0711.3041200711 LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
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LIGO-GXX4
Interferometer Noise
LASER
test mass (mirror)
beamsplitter
Residual gas scattering
Wavelength & amplitude fluctuations photodiode
Seismic Noise
Thermal (Brownian)
Noise
Quantum Noise
"Shot" noise
Radiation pressure
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LIGO-GXX5
(LIGO) Design Noise Limits
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LIGO-GXX
LIGO: Steady progress
hrms = 3 10-22
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LIGO-GXX7
GW detector network 2002-2006
http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/
LIGO-Hanford,WAX 2
LIGO-Livingston,LA
GEO-600HannoverGermany
TAMA300
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LIGO-GXX NSHP/NSBP Conference8
LIGO Scientific Collaborationwww.ligo.org
Hundreds (800+) of people working on technology for LIGO detectors, producing and analyzing the LIGO/GEO data.
Science results
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LIGO-GXX9
GW detector network 2005-2010
http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/
LIGO-Hanford,WAX 2
LIGO-Livingston,LA
GEO-600Hannover, Germany
VIRGOCascina, Italy
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LIGO-GXX NSHP/NSBP Conference10
LSC S5 run (Nov’05-Oct’07)
With a 15 Mpc average reach, we expected ~ 1 BNS coalescence every ~50 yrs We were not lucky: data analysis did not find any detections (ligo.org), although we did have a ghost!Predicted observation rates: Class. Quantum Grav. 27 (2010) 173001S5 (and all) papers in https://www.lsc-group.phys.uwm.edu/ppcomm/Papers.html
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LIGO-GXX11
“initial” GW network searches
Find all LSC results and publications in www.ligo.orghttps://www.lsc-group.phys.uwm.edu/ppcomm/Papers.html
NASA, WMAP
Crab pulsar (NASA, Chandra Observatory)
NASA, HEASARC?
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LIGO-GXX12
Enhanced GW detector network 2007-2010
http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/
LIGO-Hanford,WAX 2
LIGO-Livingston,LA
GEO-600Hannover, Germany
VIRGOCascina, Italy
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LIGO-GXX
2009/10: Enhanced LIGO, Virgo++ EM partners
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LIGO-GXX NSHP/NSBP Conference14
2005-2010: binary neutron star reach
Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A624 (2010) 223
S5
S6
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LIGO-GXX15
Observing Partners During S6/VSR2+3
• Mostly (but not all) robotic wide-field optical telescopes Mainly used for following up GRBs, surveying for supernovae and other optical transients "Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for electromagnetic counterparts to
gravitational wave transients” http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.3498
X-ray and UV/Optical
Radio
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LIGO-GXX NSHP/NSBP Conference16
“Big Dog event”
Data from a 3-detector network localized the source (very roughly) near Canis Major. Practiced a system to follow up triggers with EM telescopes/satellites.
http://ligo.org/news/blind-injection.php
You can get the detector data and other details: http://ligo.org/science/GW100916/
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LIGO-GXX17
GWs or glitches?
H1 S6D, offline vetoes
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LIGO-GXX
GW detector network2011-2014
http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/
GEO-600Hannover, Germany
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LIGO-GXX
Present: Advanced LIGO detectors
Acceptance -NSF Date
AcceptanceDateMREFC Funding Start
FY09FY08 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14FY07 FY15
Design and Development
Testing and Integration
Fabrication
De-Install / Installation
Interferometer Acceptances
Project End
Science and Engineering Runs
Construction Project
Funding in place, installation already in progress, end of construction in 2015.
19
NOW
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LIGO-GXX
GW detector network 2015
http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/
LIGO-Hanford,WAX 2?
LIGO-Livingston,LA
GEO-600Hannover, Germany
(LIGO: 1-hr lock - ??? Mpc)
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LIGO-GXX
Projected Noise Spectra
21
caseNS-NS
BH-BH(30 M)
No SRM
150 Mpc 1.60 Gpc
0-det low P
145 Mpc 1.65 Gpc
0-det high P
190 Mpc 1.85 Gpc
NS-NS tuned
200 Mpc 1.65 Gpc
Orientation-averaged detection range for
binary inspirals
• Factor of ~10 better amplitude sensitivity than initial detectors Factor of ~1000 greater volume of space
Best guess: will detect dozens per year
Advanced LIGO shown; Advanced Virgo similar
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LIGO-GXX
LIGO detectors: near future!
Neutron Star Binaries:Initial LIGO: ~15 Mpc rate ~1/50yrsAdvanced LIGO: ~ 200 Mpc “Realistic rate” ~ 40/year
Class. Quant. Grav. 27, 173001 (2010)22
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LIGO-GXX23
(LIGO) Open data release plan
2010 2011 20132012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
L1 H2 H1
S6
Engineering Runs
SE1 SE2 SE3 SE4 SE5 SE6
NOW
Release 1: First Detections
Release 2A: Immediate Triggers
Release 2B: Full Data
Dates are “guaranteed no earlier”
2.5 years
LIGO data management plan (public) LIGO-M1000066 (dcc.ligo.org)
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LIGO-GXX24
GW detector network 2015+
http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/
LIGO-Hanford,WAX 2?
LIGO-Livingston,LA
GEO-600Hannover, Germany
VIRGOCascina, Italy
LCGTKamioka mine, Japan
LIGO-India?
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LIGO-GXX25
Other GW windows
/ Virgo