WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but...

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WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics

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Transcript of WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but...

Page 1: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

WHAT IS LIFE?Pages 34-40

Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics

Page 2: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

SIX Characteristics of Life• Made up of cells• Made up of similar

chemicals• Uses energy• Grows and develops• Responds to the world

around them• Reproduces

Page 3: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

All living things are made of cells

• Cell: the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

• An organism can be made up of one cell (unicellular) or many cells working together (multi-cellular).

• We study cells with a microscope, WHY?

Page 4: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

All living things contain similar chemicals

• Water – Most abundant chemical in cells• Carbohydrates - Energy• Proteins – Building material of cells• Lipids (fats) – Building material of cells• Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA

Page 5: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

All living things use energy.

• An organisms cells are always hard at work.

Page 6: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

All living things grow and develop.

• Growth: the process of becoming larger

Ex. This blue crab is molting b/c it grew too large for its old shell.

• Development: the process of change during life to become a more complex org.

Ex. Metamorphosis from an egg, larva, pupa, to finally an adult butterfly.

Page 7: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

All living things respond to their surroundings.

Stimulus: a change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react.

Response: an action or change in behavior

Page 8: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

All living things reproduce.Reproduce: to produce offspring that are similar to the parents

Page 9: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

Life ONLY arises from Life• Years ago it was believed

that living things could come from non-living things– Ex. Flies came from rotting

meat– Frogs came from mud

puddles

• Spontaneous generation: the mistaken idea that living things can arise from non-living sources.

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/scientificmethod.html
Page 10: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

Two Scientists Worked Hard to DISPROVE this Mistaken Theory• Francisco Redi’s Experiment

– People believed flies came from rotting meat– Redi hypothesized that they came from

microscopic EGGS that were laid on the meat.– Redi performed a controlled experiment in which

put meat in two jars….one he left uncovered.– The flies got into one jar and not the other.

Page 11: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

• Louis Pasteur’s Experiment– People believed bacteria came from chicken soup– Pasteur hypothesized that the bacteria was

carried in the air and reproduced in the warm broth.

– Pasteur performed a controlled experiment in which put soup in two flasks

– He boiled both flasks of soup to kill any pre-existing bacteria, then topped one flask while the other was left open.

– After a few days, soup got cloudy with bacteria, in the open flask, the closed remained clear.

Page 12: WHAT IS LIFE? Pages 34-40 Organisms: living things, like the ones shown here are very different, but they all share 6 of the same characteristics.

The Needs of Living Things• Energy

– Autotroph (gets energy from the sun) vs. Heterotroph (gets energy from eating)

• Water• Living Space• Stable Internal Conditions

– Homeostasis: maintaining stable internal conditions

http://animal.discovery.com/videos/fooled-by-nature-wildebeest-migration.html

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Overview of Diversity. Prokaryotes §Prokaryotes are the earth’s oldest organisms, and also the most abundant ones. §Bacteria are prokaryotes. §Prokaryotes.

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