What is it? What is it? Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire Exotic beetle //.

What is it?What is it?

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Emerald ash borer (EAB),

Agrilus planipennisAgrilus planipennis Fairmaire Fairmaire

Exotic beetle Exotic beetle

http://http://www.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.icowww.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.ico

Where Did it Come Where Did it Come From?From?

Natural range: Eastern Russia, northern Natural range: Eastern Russia, northern China, Japan, and Korea China, Japan, and Korea

http://http://www.emeraldashborer.info/search.cfmwww.emeraldashborer.info/search.cfm

How Did it Get Here?How Did it Get Here?

We do not know for sureWe do not know for sure Most likely came in ash wood used for Most likely came in ash wood used for

stabilizing cargo in ships stabilizing cargo in ships May have arrived in packing or crating May have arrived in packing or crating

heavy consumer productsheavy consumer products http://http://

www.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.icowww.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.ico

How Long Have They How Long Have They Been Here?Been Here?

No one knows for sureNo one knows for sure Experts feel it may have been in the Detroit area for at Experts feel it may have been in the Detroit area for at

least 12 yearsleast 12 years Initial infestation probably started from a small number Initial infestation probably started from a small number

of beetlesof beetles By 2002, many trees in southeastern Michigan were By 2002, many trees in southeastern Michigan were

dead or dyingdead or dying In North America, native ash trees have little or no In North America, native ash trees have little or no

resistance to EABresistance to EAB Natural enemies have had little effect when EAB Natural enemies have had little effect when EAB

populations are high. populations are high. http://http://www.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.icowww.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.ico

What Do the Adults Look What Do the Adults Look Like?Like?

Dark metallic green in color Dark metallic green in color

1/2 inch-long and 1/8 inch wide1/2 inch-long and 1/8 inch wide


Don’t be Fooled By Don’t be Fooled By Look-A-Likes!Look-A-Likes!

Such asSuch as Bronze-Birch BorerBronze-Birch Borer Six-Spotted Tiger BeetleSix-Spotted Tiger Beetle Japanese BeetleJapanese Beetle Two-Lined Chestnut BorerTwo-Lined Chestnut Borer Caterpillar HunterCaterpillar Hunter Cottonwood BorerCottonwood Borer

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/E2944.pdfhttp://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/E2944.pdf

How is the Life Cycle?How is the Life Cycle? Can have a one- or two-year life cycleCan have a one- or two-year life cycle Adults begin emerging in mid to late May with peak Adults begin emerging in mid to late May with peak

emergence in late Juneemergence in late June Females usually begin laying eggs about 2 weeks after Females usually begin laying eggs about 2 weeks after

emergenceemergence Eggs hatch in 1-2 weeksEggs hatch in 1-2 weeks Tiny larvae bore through the bark and into the cambium Tiny larvae bore through the bark and into the cambium

(area between bark and wood where nutrient levels are (area between bark and wood where nutrient levels are high) high)

Larvae feed under the bark for several weeks, usually from Larvae feed under the bark for several weeks, usually from late July or early August through Octoberlate July or early August through October

Larvae typically pass through four stages, eventually Larvae typically pass through four stages, eventually reaching a size of roughly 1 to 1.25 inches longreaching a size of roughly 1 to 1.25 inches long

Pupation occurs in spring and the new generation of adults Pupation occurs in spring and the new generation of adults will emerge in May or early June, to begin the cycle again will emerge in May or early June, to begin the cycle again http://http://www.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.icowww.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.ico

How Does it Spread?How Does it Spread? Adults can fly at least 1/2 mile from the tree where they emergeAdults can fly at least 1/2 mile from the tree where they emerge

Many infestations were started when people moved infested ash Many infestations were started when people moved infested ash nursery trees, logs, or firewood into uninfested areasnursery trees, logs, or firewood into uninfested areas

Shipments of ash nursery trees and ash logs with bark are now Shipments of ash nursery trees and ash logs with bark are now regulatedregulated

Transporting firewood outside of the quarantined areas is illegalTransporting firewood outside of the quarantined areas is illegal

Transport of infested firewood remains a problemTransport of infested firewood remains a problem

Do not move ash firewood or logs outside of the quarantined area Do not move ash firewood or logs outside of the quarantined area http://http://www.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.icowww.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.ico

Where has it been Where has it been Found?Found?

First thought to occur in six counties in southeastern Michigan: First thought to occur in six counties in southeastern Michigan: Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, Washtenaw and Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, Washtenaw and WayneWayne

Also in Essex County, OntarioAlso in Essex County, Ontario we now realize that a much greater area was infested than what we now realize that a much greater area was infested than what

was initially thought. was initially thought. Now only three counties in Michigan where EAB has not been Now only three counties in Michigan where EAB has not been

detecteddetected found in Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, found in Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania, West Virginia,

Virginia, Wisconsin, Missouri, Maryland, OntarioVirginia, Wisconsin, Missouri, Maryland, Ontario We are getting better at finding infestations as survey methods We are getting better at finding infestations as survey methods

improve improve important to watch for signs and symptoms of EAB in non-important to watch for signs and symptoms of EAB in non-

quarantine areasquarantine areas http://http://www.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.icowww.emeraldashborer.info/favicon.ico

The Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania ProblemProblem

Quarantine imposed for Butler, Lawrence, Quarantine imposed for Butler, Lawrence, Allegheny and Beaver counties Allegheny and Beaver counties

Adult beetles found on an ash tree in Adult beetles found on an ash tree in Cranberry Township, Butler County, by U.S. Cranberry Township, Butler County, by U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyors, through a Department of Agriculture surveyors, through a joint effort by federal and state agriculture joint effort by federal and state agriculture departments, the Department of Conservation departments, the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and Penn State and Natural Resources and Penn State ExtensionExtension

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/outoftheashes/Poland_EABhttp://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/outoftheashes/Poland_EAB_Trapping_DaytonEDITED.pps_Trapping_DaytonEDITED.pps

What is being Done What is being Done Statewide?Statewide?

Many agencies and Universities are working together Many agencies and Universities are working together to educate citizens about identification of ash trees and to educate citizens about identification of ash trees and EAB EAB

State and federal agencies have programs in place to State and federal agencies have programs in place to help restore urban forest in cities that sustained heavy help restore urban forest in cities that sustained heavy EAB damageEAB damage

Research is underway to learn more about the biology Research is underway to learn more about the biology of EAB, its rate of spread, methods for EAB detection, of EAB, its rate of spread, methods for EAB detection, predators and other natural enemies that may attack predators and other natural enemies that may attack EABEAB

Insecticides can be used to protect trees in infested Insecticides can be used to protect trees in infested areas. areas.


What Trees Does it What Trees Does it Attack? Attack?

In North America: affects ash treesIn North America: affects ash trees Trees in woodlots and landscaped areas are Trees in woodlots and landscaped areas are

affected affected Larval galleries were found in trees or Larval galleries were found in trees or

branches measuring as little as 1-inch in branches measuring as little as 1-inch in diameterdiameter

All species of North American ash are All species of North American ash are susceptible. susceptible. http://http://www.emeraldashborer.info/search.cfmwww.emeraldashborer.info/search.cfm

What Happens to What Happens to Infested Ash Trees?Infested Ash Trees?

Canopy of infested trees begins to thin above infested portions of Canopy of infested trees begins to thin above infested portions of trunk and major branches trunk and major branches

Borer destroys water and nutrient conducting tissues under the Borer destroys water and nutrient conducting tissues under the bark bark

Heavily infested trees exhibit canopy die-back usually starting at Heavily infested trees exhibit canopy die-back usually starting at top tree top tree

One-third to one-half of the branches may die in one year One-third to one-half of the branches may die in one year Most of canopy will be dead within 2 years of when symptoms Most of canopy will be dead within 2 years of when symptoms

beginbegin Sometimes ash trees push out sprouts from trunk after upper Sometimes ash trees push out sprouts from trunk after upper

portions of the tree dies portions of the tree dies Although difficult to see, adult beetles leave a "D"-shaped exit Although difficult to see, adult beetles leave a "D"-shaped exit

hole in bark, roughly 1/8 inch in diameter, when they emerge in hole in bark, roughly 1/8 inch in diameter, when they emerge in June June


How do I know if It is an How do I know if It is an Ash Tree?Ash Tree?

Branch and Bud Arrangement Branches and buds directly across from each other and not staggered

Leaves Leaves are compound and composed of 5-11 leaflets

Bark On mature trees bark is tight with a distinct pattern of diamond-shaped ridges

Seeds When present on trees, seeds are dry, oar-shaped samaras

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/e2925.pdf

Does it Only Attack Dying Does it Only Attack Dying or Stressed Trees?or Stressed Trees?

Healthy ash trees are also susceptibleHealthy ash trees are also susceptible Beetles may prefer to lay eggs or feed on Beetles may prefer to lay eggs or feed on

stressed treesstressed trees When EAB populations are high, small trees When EAB populations are high, small trees

may die within 1-2 years of becoming infested may die within 1-2 years of becoming infested Large trees can be killed in 3-4 yearsLarge trees can be killed in 3-4 years


Alternative TreesAlternative Trees

‘‘Autumn Blaze’ Freeman MapleAutumn Blaze’ Freeman Maple Trident MapleTrident Maple Hedge MapleHedge Maple Miyabe MapleMiyabe Maple

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/filehttp://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/files/e2925.pdfs/e2925.pdf

How Do We Treat it?How Do We Treat it?

Effectively treating EAB-infested ash trees can Effectively treating EAB-infested ash trees can be tricky be tricky

Many are unaware of the degree of infestation Many are unaware of the degree of infestation ash trees haveash trees have

Different stages help homeowners determine if Different stages help homeowners determine if it is worth the effort to try to save the tree, or if it is worth the effort to try to save the tree, or if it may be best to take it down. it may be best to take it down.

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/files/e292http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/files/e2925.pdf5.pdf

The ProblemThe Problem

• Early detection & delimitation are virtually impossible

• Signs and symptoms do not appear for 1+ years after attack

• By then adults may have spread

• New tools for detection are desperately needed!http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/e2925.pdf

How Big of a Problem is How Big of a Problem is This?This?

EAB is becoming an international problem, with EAB is becoming an international problem, with infestations in Canada, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, infestations in Canada, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Missouri, Wisconsin, Maryland, West Pennsylvania, Missouri, Wisconsin, Maryland, West Virginia and VirginiaVirginia and Virginia

Could reach billions of dollars of damage nationwide if Could reach billions of dollars of damage nationwide if not dealt withnot dealt with

State and federal agencies have made this problem a State and federal agencies have made this problem a prioritypriority

Homeowners can help by carefully monitoring their ash Homeowners can help by carefully monitoring their ash trees for signs and symptoms of EAB throughout the trees for signs and symptoms of EAB throughout the year. year.

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/e2925.pdfhttp://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/e2925.pdf

Who Can I Call to Get More Who Can I Call to Get More Info or Report an Infested Info or Report an Infested

Tree?Tree? Contact your county Extension office or Contact your county Extension office or

the nearest Department of Agriculture the nearest Department of Agriculture officeoffice

You may also contact the USDA Emerald You may also contact the USDA Emerald Ash Borer Hotline toll-free at 1-866-322-Ash Borer Hotline toll-free at 1-866-322-45124512


What is it? What is it? Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire Exotic beetle //.

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Transcript of What is it? What is it? Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire Exotic beetle //.