WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL?
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Transcript of WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL?
WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL?
ORGANELLES
CYTOPLASM
AND
DNA!!!
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• Do not have organelles
• Few internal structures: cell membrane and cytoplasm
• No Nucleus• One-celled
organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic• Almost all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic• Cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.• Has genetic material inside of nucleus
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Cell Structure & Function
Contain organelles surrounded by membranesMost living organisms
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer • Protective covering that
encloses the entire cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
• Most of the work of the cell is carried out here
• Scanning electron micrograph of a fracture of nerve cells. The central nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm are visible
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around
in cell• Manufactures parts of the
cell membrane
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vesicles
• Transports processed materials to the Golgi Apparatus
• Part of the broken off endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands
• Uses information from the nucleus to build proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria• Uses oxygen to produce energy
from processing food, mostly sugars through chemical reactions - breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
• Takes materials man- ufactured by the e.r., and finishes processing them.
• Move materials within and in or out of the cell
• Folded membranes looks like stack of pancakes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome• Containes wates
andstores and breaks down nutrients ~ digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant cells
• Contains green chlorophyll
• Where photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html