What is History? - Eleanor Roosevelt College Doisneau's “The Kiss ... “It is a truism that...
Transcript of What is History? - Eleanor Roosevelt College Doisneau's “The Kiss ... “It is a truism that...
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What is History?
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1. I like this one…
History is does NOT Repeat!
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But
NOT
TWICE!!!
(in the same exact way)
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Weimar Republic
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Stop saying that history repeats
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Family resemblance
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19th century revolutions
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I like this one even more
2. History is NEVER self-evident like a problem to be
solved
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Historical knowledge is ALWAYS mediated
by
what?
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DISCOURSE (Language)
“Christopher Columbus Discovers America, 1492.”
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Texas Public School Textbook
“The southern colonies’ cash crops required a great deal of
difficult work to grow and harvest. This meant a large
workforce was needed. By the 1700s enslaved Africans, rather
than indentured servants, had become the main source of
labor. African slaves brought with them knowledge that helped
turn the wild environment into profitable farms. Many had
previous experience raising cattle and knew the method for
clearing brush using fire.”
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University of New South Wales
“settled” or “nomadic”
Capitan Cook “landed,” “invaded” or colonialized?
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Myth
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From myth to fabrication?
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Media
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Textbooks
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Historical Representation:
Robert Doisneau's “The Kiss”
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So
What is history?
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time “moves” in sequence
1458
1459
1460
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Who assigned these
numbers?
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NUMBERS are human constructs
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Even the way we understand years
Dates
Or days
Depend on how we CATEGORIZE time in numbers
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But does it matter
Yes: perhaps to “learn” and “teach” about history
And NO because numbers are… well..
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Discursive, visual and affective ways we INTERPRET the
past based on our distinct shifting socio-historical
conditions
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Historical knowledge is not based on
time but experiences performed through
Discourse, visual and affective ways we INTERPRET the
past based on our distinct shifting socio-historical
conditions
And therefore ALWAYS Situational
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Not about
“NATURAL TIME”
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HISTORICAL TIME
As a categorization systems
Reinhart Koselleck
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Koselleck
“It is a truism that history always has to do with time, but
it is another matter entirely to theorize exactly what
historical time means”.
He adds
“only theory transforms our work into historical
scholarship”
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“transforms”
There is an inventive feature that goes in
historical knowledge and that’s usually
with new conceptions, ideas, “theories”
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History is engineering
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We BUILD history
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We MAKE history
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We IMPROVE its structure
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We APPLY “time” to history
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So we give it order through TEXT:
writing and other forms of discourse
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Historians
An expert class of professionals who are seriously
involved with the project of WRITING history
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To give it a resting point
(though through struggle)
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Historical resting points:
Gated communities?
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But you can never say
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History is ?
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Because even engineers
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have to INVENT!!!!
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Good
Problem solved!
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April 5 (Tuesday)
● Nomadic Empires and the Eurasian
Integration I:
Group Feeling and the Mongols
April 7 (Thursday)
● Southernization, Nomadic Empires and
the Eurasia
Integration II: Vikings and the Timurids
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Eurasia
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Contact Zones
1. Eurasia:
a) Mediterranean-Mesopotamia
b) Subcontinent
2) Euro-Africa
a) Africa-Mesopotamia
3) Transatlantic
Africa-Americas
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“Middle East” is a Concept
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Mediterranean-Mesopotamia Complex:
Rise of Islam as a World Religion and an Imperial Force.
(Abbasid Empire)
Rise of Roman-Germanic Medieval Europe (Western
Europe).
3. Byzantium (Eastern Europe)
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Eastern Asia
Rise of Tang (618-907 C.E.) State Bureaucracy
Song Dynasties (960-1279). (Technological Developments).
● Spread of Buddhism & Neo-Confucianism
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India: Post-Gupta (451 C.E.)
Islam (in the north)
8th century
The Hindu Kingdoms of Southern India
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Africa-Mediterranean
& Sub-Saharan Africa
Northern Africa: Fatimads and various other Muslim territories.
East Africa-Western Asia (Middle East): Swahili civilization
Sub-Sahara and rest of Africa: Kingdoms, empires, and city-states 800-1500 C.E.
Rise of Islam (Ghana in West Africa)
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“Americas”: Transatlantic?
Transhemispheric