What is history?
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Transcript of What is history?
What is history?
Everything that happens is a part of history. (We will discuss
the major stuff)
What do we call the study of the people, land and resources of
an area?
geography
What do we call a person who studies history?
historian
Who researches and finds information for historians?
Social scientists
What do we call a first hand account?
Primary source
Where did the first Native Americans come from?
Siberia in Asia
What do we call a second hand account?
Secondary source
Is the following a primary or secondary source –
encyclopedia
secondary
Is the following a primary or secondary source –
journal
primary
Is the following a primary or secondary source –
letter
primary
Is the following a primary or secondary source –
video tape
primary
Is the following a primary or secondary source –
text book
secondary
Is the following a primary or secondary source –
biography
secondary
Is the following a primary or secondary source –
autobiography
primary
Is the following a primary or secondary source –
song
primary
What type of source is the most reliable?
primary
What do we call what it looks like outside at this very
moment?
weather
What do we call the average weather over a period of time?
Climate
What do we call the total way of life of a group of people?
culture
When did the first Native Americans come to North
America?
During the last ice age
How did the first Native Americans get to the North
America?
Across a land bridge
What 5 tribes made up the Iroquois Confederacy?
Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk (SCOOM)
What did the Iroquois call themselves?
Haudenosaunee
What do the Iroquois call corn, beans and squash?
3 sisters
What did the Iroquois live in?
longhouses
What did the Iroquois base their time upon?
Nature and the seasons
What word means a person’s descent is traced through the
female?
matrilineal
What was the sixth nation to join the Iroquois Confederacy?
Tuscarora
What were the 3 reasons for Spanish colonization of the
Americas?
God, Gold and Glory (3 G’s) – remember I might word these
differently
What do we call the transfer of goods and ideas between the
new and old world?
Columbian Exchange
Who explored for both England and the Dutch?
Henry Hudson
What were the two main jobs for the French settlers?
Trapping and trading
What was the main occupation of the people of New
Netherlands?
Fur trading
What European country originally controlled Canada?
France
How did Spanish settlement affect the Native Americans?
Death, slavery,
Native Americans lost land
What European country controlled much of Central
America and Mexico?
Spain
What European country controlled originally controlled
New York State?
The Netherlands (also known as Holland or the Dutch)
What do we call a passageway through or around North
America?
Northwest Passage
What Native American tribe became friends with the Dutch?
Iroquois
What Native American tribes became allies of the French?
Algonquins and Hurons
Bodies of Water
A - Pacific OceanB - Gulf of MexicoC - Atlantic Ocean
Mountain Ranges
A - Appalachian MountainsB - Sierra Nevada
C- Rocky MountainsD - Cascades
Physical Regions
A- Pacific Coast B – Rocky Mountain
C- Interior PlainsD - Appalachian Mountain
E - Coastal Plains
Rivers
A - Missouri RiverB - Mississippi River
C - Ohio RiverD - St. Lawrence RiverE - Rio Grande River
What region was known for its whalers?
New England
What are assemblies and legislatures?
Lawmaking bodies
Who was the founder of Maryland?
Lord Baltimore
What do we call people who agreed to work in exchange for their trip to the colonies being
paid for?
Indentured servants
What goods were traded from Africa to the West Indies as part of the Triangular Trade Route?
slaves
What region grew wheat, barley and rye?
Middle Colonies
What types of goods were traded from England to the
colonies as part of the triangular trade route?
Manufactured goods
In the triangular trade system, what goods were sent from the
West Indies to the colonies?
Sugar and molasses (and slaves from Africa)
What colonial region was educated through private
schools?
Middle colonies
Which regions farmers were mostly subsistence farmers?
New England
Who was the founder of Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
What colonial region was educated through public
schools? (So they can read the Bible.)
New England
What do we call the series of trading routes found in colonial
times?
Triangular trade
What colonial region educated their children through tutors?
southern
Who was the founder of Pennsylvania?
William Penn
What region was known for its shipbuilding?
New England
What colony was founded as a home for debtors?
Georgia
What was the name for the series of laws passed to control
the slaves?
Slave codes
What colonies legislature was called the House of Burgesses?
Virginia
What do we call a person who learned a trade from a master
craftsman?
apprentice
What religion was associated with Maryland?
Catholic
What was the name of the slave trip from Africa to the colonies?
Middle Passage
What was the theory called which said that a country
became strong by increasing trade and building up its gold
supply.
mercantilism
What do we call the rich area of the Southern Colonies?
tidewater
What colony did the Puritans and Pilgrims settle in?
Massachusetts
What are crops called which are sold for a profit?
Cash crop
What was the name for the document which the Pilgrims wrote telling how they were
going to govern their settlement?
Mayflower Compact
What is the belief that one race is superior to another?
racism
Who was the founder of Rhode Island?
Roger Williams
What colonial region was known as the Breadbasket Colonies?
Middle Colonies
What women said God spoke directly to her?
Anne Hutchinson
What do we call the area next to the Appalachian Mountains?
backcountry
Who was the founder of the colony later known as New
York?
Peter Minuit
What was the religion associated with Pennsylvania?
Quakers
What were the German speaking people of
Pennsylvania known as?
Pennsylvania Dutch
In the triangular trade system, what goods were sent from the
colonies to Africa?
Tools, fish, lumber, etc. (things found in the colonies)
Which region was home to plantations?
Southern Colonies
Which region had the longest growing seasons?
Southern Colonies
What region was the most religious?
New England (mostly Massachusetts)
What was the first permanent English settlement in the New
World?
Jamestown
What word means a willingness to let others practice their own
beliefs?
toleration
What region had rocky soil?
New England
What leader helped Jamestown to survive?
John Smith
Which region was known for its craftsmen?
Middle Colonies (especially the Pennsylvania
Dutch)
What was the general name for goods such as lumber and iron,
which were traded from the colonies to England?
Raw materials
Who was the founder of Connecticut?
Thomas Hooker
What were the main crops of the Southern Colonies?
Tobacco, indigo and rice
What type of labor dominated southern plantations?
slaves
What do we call goods entering a country?
imports
What do we call goods leaving a country?
exports
Where did the French and Indian War begin?
The Ohio River Valley.
What was the cause of the French and Indian War?
The cause of the French and Indian War was the fur trade with the Native Americans. It
was also part of a series of wars that had been going on for the last 100 years between France
and Britain.
What territory did France claim before the war began?
France controlled much of modern day Canada as well as
the Mississippi River valley.
What tribes were allies of the French in the French and Indian
War?
The Algonquins and Hurons.
What tribe was an ally of the British in the French and Indian
War?
Iroquois
What advantages did the French have in the French and
Indian War?
They fought like the Native Americans using the trees for cover. They also had only 1 government in North America which made decisions a lot
easier to be made.
What disadvantage did France have in the French and Indian
War?
The French had a lot less people in the colonies.
What advantages did the English have in the French and
Indian War?
The British had the best army in the world. They also had many more people in the colonies to
fight the war.
What disadvantages did the English have in the French and
Indian War?
The English tried to fight the war as they would in the open fields
of Europe. They did not take advantage of the cover offered and were easy targets for the
French.
What was the last battle of the French and Indian War?
The Battle of Quebec
What was the name of the treaty at the end of the French
and Indian War?
The Treaty of Paris
What did the Treaty of Paris say?
Most of the French land in the colonies was given to Britain.
Who proposed the Albany Plan of Union?
Ben Franklin
What was the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union?
To unite the colonies to plan for defense. It didn’t work because colonies didn’t want to give up
any power.
What act forbid settlers to move west of the Appalachian
Mountains?
The Proclamation of 1763 forbid settlers to move west of the
Appalachian Mountains. Many settlers ignored this
proclamation. Britain was trying to stop settler / Native American
conflicts over land.
What act, passed in 1765, placed taxes on legal
documents such as wills, diplomas, marriage papers, newspapers, playing cards
and even dice?
• The Stamp Act.
What was the colonists reaction to the Stamp Act?
Riots broke out in cities like New York. Mobs harassed
British tax officials by throwing rocks and tarring and feathering them. They hanged or burned effigies of the British officials.
A huge complaint the colonists had was that of “No taxation
without representation!” What did this mean?
“No taxation without representation” arose because
the colonists did not elect anybody to the British
Parliament. The colonists claimed that Parliament could
not tax them because they were represented in Parliament.
What was the Stamp Act Congress?
The Stamp Act Congress was when 9 colonies sent delegates to discuss what to do about the
Stamp Act. They decided to boycott British goods.
What does boycott mean?
Boycott means to refuse to buy certain goods. It was a very
common and successful means of colonial protest. The boycott
caused the Stamp Act to be repealed.
What does repeal mean?
Repeal means to cancel. The Stamp Act was repealed after
the colonial boycott.
In 1767 the Townshend Acts were passed. What did the
Townshend Acts tax?
The Townshend Acts taxed glass, paint, lead, paper and
tea. These were very important colonial goods.
What was the colonists reaction to the Townshend Acts?
The colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by getting
merchants to sign nonimportation agreements. Nonimportation agreements said that these people would
stop importing British goods that were taxed by the Townshend
Acts.
The Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty were also formed. These were groups of
men (and women) who protested British actions.
Writs of assistance were another thing established under
the Townshend Acts. What were writs of assistance?
Writs of assistance allowed a customs officer to search a ship without giving a reason. Writs of assistance were often used
by the British to harass Sons of Liberty and other people
thought to be against the British actions.
This person was a failure on business. He lived in Boston where he was a leader of the
Sons of Liberty. He organized the committees of
correspondence. Who was he?
Sam Adams
What were the committees of correspondence?
The committees of correspondence were a group
of people who wrote letters telling people in other colonies
what was going on in the writers colony. They were started by
Sam Adams in Boston.
This lawyer from Massachusetts was Sam Adams cousin. His knowledge of British law was very helpful to the colonists.
Who was he?
John Adams
The Quartering Act was passed in 1767. What did the Quartering Act say?
The Quartering Act said that colonists had to house and feed
British soldiers.
The Boston Massacre happened on March 5, 1770.
What was the Boston Massacre?
In the Boston Massacre, British soldiers shot and killed 5
colonists. They were mostly Sons of Liberty. The colonists provoked the British into firing. The Sons of Liberty used this event to get people mad at the
British.
Britain repealed much of the Townshend Acts in 1770. It did keep the tax on tea. This small tax was designed to show the colonists that Parliament did
have the right to tax the colonies.
Parliament gave the British East India a monopoly of the tea
trade with the Tea Act in 1773. This put many colonial
merchants out of work. It was a very small tax but the colonists believed in “no taxation without representation.” What did this
lead to?
The Tea Act led to the Boston Tea Party. 342 crates of tea
were dumped into Boston harbor. There were similar responses in several other
locations. Colonists throughout the colonies agreed to boycott
tea, often making their own substitutes.
Britain was not happy with the Boston Tea Party. It responded with the Intolerable Acts which were designed to punish the colonists of Massachusetts.
What were the Intolerable Acts?
The Intolerable Acts shut down the port of Boston. Ships could not come into or leave the port which made it very difficult for the citizens of Boston to get
supplies. Other colonies sent supplies by land.
A new Quartering Act was also passed. This made colonists
who weren’t too happy with the British house British soldiers.
This raised tensions in Boston. Town meetings were also
limited to 1 a year. This was designed to keep the people of Massachusetts from organizing
against the British.
The Intolerable Acts also said that British officials would be
sent back to British to stand trial if they committed a crime. It
was widely believed that these people would face no
punishment in England since witnesses could not afford to go
to Britain to testify.
How did the colonists react to the Intolerable Acts?
The committees of correspondence sent supplies
to help Boston. The First Continental Congress also met in Philadelphia in 1774. What
was the first Continental Congress?
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of 12 of the
colonies. It agreed to boycott British goods. Each colony was urged to set up its own militia or
volunteer army.
What was the “Shot Heard ‘Round the World?”
This referred to the Battle of Lexington and Concord.
Colonial minutemen (soldiers who could be ready at a
moments notice) stood up to the British. Why did this battle take
place?
The British were trying to destroy guns and ammunition at Concord and capture leaders of the Sons of Liberty. The British
were unsuccessful and were attacked on the way back to
Boston, being defeated by the Minutemen.
It was called the “Shot Heard ‘Round the World” because
news of this battle spread to all corners of the Earth.
Who was the great speaker for Virginia? He had a fiery temper
and was a member of the House of Burgesses.
Patrick Henry. He was known for saying “Give me liberty, or
give me death!”
What is the name given to colonists who sided with the
British?
Loyalists
Who wrote Common Sense, the document which told the
colonies that it was obvious that they should separate from
Britain?
Thomas Paine
Who was the British general at the Battle of Yorktown?
Cornwallis
What do we call a person that betrays their country?
traitor
What was the name given to the colonists army?
Continental
What was the importance of the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga?
Cannons were captured and sent to Boston.
Which army was better supplied with guns, equipment, etc.?
British
The French joined the war after what battle?
Saratoga
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What was another term for loyalists?
tories
Which of the following was something which the 2nd
Continental Congress decided to do?
set up an army with George Washington as its leader
Where did the Americans spend a cold and hungry winter?
Valley Forge
What happened after the Battle of Saratoga?
France joined the American side
Which country had a navy strong enough to blockade their
enemy’s ports?
Britain
The British tried to divide the colonies in two. What city did
they want to take so they could cut off New England from the
rest of the colonies?
Albany
What vocabulary term means to turn against your country?
traitor
What battle proved that the patriots could stand up to the
British and the British would not back down?
Bunker Hill
What was the final battle of the war?
Yorktown
What battle was the turning point of the war?
Saratoga
The Declaration of Independence was signed on
what date?
July 4, 1776