What is GSM Network (2)
Transcript of What is GSM Network (2)
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Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a
second generation cellular standard
developed to cater voice services and
data delivery using digital modulation
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GSM Architecture
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GSM Architecture:Mobile Station (MS)Mobile Equipment (ME)Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)Base Transceiver Station (BTS)Base Station Controller (BSC)
Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)Visitor Location Register (VLR)Authentication Center (AUC)Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
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Mobile Station (MS) The Mobile Station is made up of two entities:
1. Mobile Equipment (ME)2. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
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Mobile Equipment MEPortable,vehicle mounted, hand held device
Uniquely identified by an IMEI (InternationalMobile Equipment Identity)
Voice and data transmission
Monitoring power and signal quality of surrounding cells
for optimum handoverPower level : 0.8W – 20 W
160 character long SMS.
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Subscriber Identity
Module (SIM)Smart card contains the International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI)
Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other
subscribed servicesEncoded network identification details
- Key Ki,Kc and A3,A5 and A8 algorithms
Protected by a password or PIN
Can be moved from phone to phone – contains keyinformation to activate the phone
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Base Station
Subsystem (BSS)Base Station Subsystem is composed of two
parts that
communicate across the standardized Abisinterface allowing operation betweencomponents made by different suppliers
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
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Base Transceiver Station
(BTS):Encodes,encrypts,multiplexes,modulates and
feeds the
RF signals to the antenna.Frequency hopping
Communicates with Mobile station and BSC
Consists of Transceivers (TRX) units
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Base Station
Controller (BSC)Manages Radio resources for BTS
Assigns Frequency and time slots for all MS’s
in its areaHandles call set up
Transcoding and rate adaptation functionality
Handover for each MS
Radio Power control
It communicates with MSC and BTS
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Network Switching
Subsystem(NSS)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Registers (HLR)
Visitor Location Registers (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
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Mobile Switching
Center (MSC)Heart of the network
Manages communication between GSM and other networks
Call setup function and basic switching
Call routingBilling information and collection
Mobility management
- Registration
- Location Updating
- Inter BSS and inter MSC call handoff MSC does gateway function while its customer roams to
other
network by using HLR/VLR.
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HLR AND VLRHome Location Registers(HLR)
Visitor LocationRegisters (VLR)
permanent databaseabout mobile subscribersin a large servicearea(generally one perGSM network operator)
database contains
IMSI,MSISDN,prepaid/postpaid,roamingrestrictions,supplementary services.
Temporary database whichupdates whenever new MS
enters its area, by HLRdatabase
Controls those mobilesroaming in its area
Reduces number of queries
to HLRDatabase contains
IMSI,TMSI,MSISDN,MSRN,Location Area,authenticationkey
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AUC AND EIRAuthentication Center(AUC)
Equipment IdentityRegister (EIR)
Protects againstintruders in air interface
Maintains authenticationkeys and algorithms andprovides security triplets( RAND,SRES,Kc)
Generally associatedwith HLR
Database that is used totrack handsets using theIMEI (International MobileEquipment Identity)
Made up of three sub-classes: The White List,
The Black List and theGray List
Only one EIR per PLMN
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GSM Network
Area
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Key GSM Network
FeaturesRadio Link Aspects
Multiple Access and Channel Structure
Burst structure
Speech coding
Channel coding and Modulation
Multipath Equalization
Frequency HoppingDiscontinuous TX
Discontinuous RX
Power Control
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Radio link aspects The International Telecommunication Union
(ITU)
allocated the bands 890-915 MHz for the uplink(mobile station to base station) and 935-960MHz for the downlink (base station to mobilestation) for mobile networks
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Multiple Acess and channel
structure
They are two types of channels: Traffic channels
Control channels
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