What is Earth Science?
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Transcript of What is Earth Science?
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What is Earth Science?The study of the earth’s systems
and the interactions between these systems
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Divided into 5 fields of study• Astronomy• Meteorology• Geology• Oceanography• Environmental Science
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What are Earth’s Systems?
•Geosphere•Atmosphere•Hydrosphere•Biosphere
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Geosphere
Everything from the crust to the center of the earth.
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Geosphere
The Forces Within the Earth Plate Tectonics (Ch 17)
Earthquakes (Ch 19)Mountain Building ( Ch 20)
Volcanism (Ch 18)
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In text turn to page 956• Observe the continents • Does the shapes & position of the continents
suggest they were once joined? Which Ones??
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Early Observations• 1500’s a Abraham Ortelius Dutch
cartographer noticed the apparent fit of continents on either side of the Atlantic Ocean
• He proposed that N & S American was separated from Europe and Africa by earthquakes and floods…
• Referenced as creator of the modern atlas
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20th Century • 1912 Alfred Wagner presented his
hypothesis that continents were slowly drifting around the Earth• Developed the continental drift theory
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Continental Drift Theory• Earth’s continents had been joined as
a single landmass that broke apart and sent the continents adrift • Single Landmass supercontinent
named Pangaea • Pangaea Greek word means all the
Earth
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Pangaea
• Break up about 200 million years ago.
• Observed: puzzle like fit.
• Evidence: rock, fossil and climate
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Rock EvidencePredicted: When Pangaea broke apart large geologic structures such as mountain ranges
fractured during separationInvestigated: Areas of similar rock types on
opposite sides of the oceansView Figure 17.3 in TEXT p 470 Rock Layers in the Appalachian Mountains are identical to mountains in Greenland & Europe
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Fossil Evidence• Predicted: Land animals such as Lystrasaurus
or Cynognathus could not have swum the great distances
• Investigated: Similar fossils from several different plants & animals found on widely separated continents
• Carbon dating of the fossils support the time frame of Pangaea breakup
• View Figure 17.3 in TEXT p 470
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Climatic Evidence• Predicted: Fossils of plants like Glossopteris grew in
temperate climates and found all over the world
• Investigated: The area that separated these fossils is too large to have a single climate
• For example fossil record of the plant in Antarctica & South Africa and S American
• View Figure 17.3 in TEXT p 470
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Climatic Evidence• Coal Deposits : Existence of beds in Antarctica Frozen climate once had tropical climate • Glacial Deposits : Found in parts of Africa,
India South America Locations of these continents too warm for ice
formation
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Continental Drift Theory Flaws
• 1st What force could push large mass over great distances
• 2nd How the continents could move were through something solid like earth’s crust
• They questions were the reasons why Wegener’s theory was rejected until the 1950s