What is DBMS?

DBMS: computer software designed to manage databases based on

a variety of data models.

DBMS functions

Stores data Updates data Retrieves data

Summary: DBMS is designed to store and manage databases.

Elements of DBMS DBMS is composed of Hierarchical1- Modeling language Network (allows database to communicate) Relational Object examples 2-Datastructure Fields (allows DBMS to interact without Records causing damage to data integrity) Files Objects 3-Database query language Login data (maintains security of DB) Assignment of access rights & privileges Definition of criterias employed to add data in the

system 4-Transaction mechanism Allows multiple access to database (data integrity) Prevents manipulation of records by multiple useras at

the same time

Description of DBMS components

1. Modeling language: defines the schema of each database.

2. Datastructure: deals with data stored on a permanent data storage device.

3. Data query language: to allow users to interrogate the database.

4. Transaction mechanism: ensures data integrity by not allowing more than one user to update the same record at the same time.

DBMS vs. Other technologies

DBMS vs. Files:• Protects data from inconsistency due to multiple

concurrent users.• Security & access control while sharing data and

processing resources.• Application allows large data sets between main memory

& secondary storage.• Allows logical & physical view:

« User’s view » efficient use of storage

Data that is meaningful to user & processing ressources

How DBMS works?

• Source: wisdom.usc.edu/stf/research_CM.htm, 2004.

DBMS mid-range vs. mainframe

• Mid-range: DBMS is convenient & marketed in many forms.

• Mainframe: RDBMS (Relational DBMS) suggested to take care of large amounts of data.

RDBMS enables relationships between data by a tabular structure.

Benefits of DBMS• Uniform data administration: Reduces complexity of information systems & strategic use of data.

• Data-independance: Access to data by multiple users at the same time, logical & physical independance.

• Data security & integrity: Log-in services records access occurrences & changes.

• Reduced application development & maintenace costs: decreases inconsistency & allows interleaving actions.

• Increases availability of data & its access: DBMS ensures automicity

• Recovery from crashes: log entries

Is DBMS revolutionary?

• DMBS: oldest component associated with computer.

• DBMS marketed in many forms since its existence: new software programs to meet requirements of next generation of computing (for example: RDBMS).

Major players of database

• Oracle, IBM and Microsoft are top 3 vendors, followed by Teradata and Sybase.

Other10%

Oracle45%

IBM(DB2, Informix)

21%

Microsoft(SQL Server)

18%

Teradata3%

Sybase(Sybase IQ)

3%

2007 DBMS Market Share*

Vendor (database)MarketShare

Oracle 44.1%

IBM (DB2, Informix) 21.3%

Microsoft (SQL Server)

18.3%

Teradata 3.4%

Sybase (Sybase IQ) 3.4%

Other 9.5%

Total100.0

%

Major players of mid-market database

• Mid-market database:

– Mid-market is defined as businesses ranging from 50 to 1,000 employees *

– Forecasted to be the main growth segment in the IT market for the next few years ; called 60 billion dollar software battle by the BBC *

• Mid-market Top 5 :*

(based on installed base (1 million or more))– Oracle's Standard Edition 1– IBM's DB2 Express– Microsoft's SQL Server– MySQL-5 (open-source)– Firebird (open-source)

* Source: Selecting a mid-market database, OS News (http://www.nmcx.com/), 2005

Major Players of embedded database

• Embedded database– Defined as DBMS sold and used as components of a larger software or hardware product– Offers great growth potential in its various more specialized forms

• Oracle has a leadership in embedded database market

Other31%

InterSystems Corp.10%

Sybase10%

Oracle23%

Progress Software Corp.

14%IBM12%

VendorMarketShare

Oracle 23.2%

Progress Software Corp.

14.1%

IBM 11.8%

Sybase 10.3%

InterSystems Corp. 10.2%

Other 30.4%

Total 100.0%

2006 Embedded DBMS Market Share*

* Source: 2007, IDC

Examples of DBMS softwares

• is a program that lets one or more computer users create and access data in a database

• The most typical DBMS is a relational database management system (RDBMS).

• A standard user and program interface is the Structured Query Language (SQL).

• A newer kind of DBMS is the object-oriented database management system (ODBMS).

• A DBMS is usually an inherent part of a database product.• On PCs, Microsoft Access is a popular example of a single- or small-

group user DBMS.• Microsoft's SQL Server is an example of a DBMS that serves database

requests from multiple (client) users.• Other popular DBMSs (these are all RDBMSs, by the way) are IBM's

DB2, Oracle's line of database management products, and Sybase's products.

Some of the players• Oracle • DB2 • Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise • Datawasp • FileMaker • Firebird • IBM • Informix • Microsoft Access • Microsoft SQL Server • Microsoft Visual FoxPro • MySQL

Trends

• Business Intelligence (BI): is about the extraction of information from data.

• Spatial data: main database engines now all have spatial data types. Spatial data is useful in its own right, but combine it with Google Earth and/or Virtual Earth and a quick mashup can give you a very powerful application for a few lines of code. People will make far, far more use of spatial data in the coming year.

Costs and Web Softwares

• Examples of Web Databases for C.R.M.:

• Netsuite.com

• Salesforce.com

salesforce.com

Something New on DBMS• Security issues:• Lately, database security issues have been flooding the media

– Slammer worm (computer worm)

– Criminals accessing over 8 million credit card numbers

– Illegally selling personal information stored in the database

• Database security is not just technical problems– Corporate level: e.g. Who performs security audits on the corporation as a

whole?

– Section level: e.g. How does an organization ensures all system administrators are applying the latest patches?

– Tech level

• Database connections

• Server Security

• Table access control

• Restricting database access

References• « Database Management Systems », 1998, Gerald V. Post, Irwin/McGraw-Hill,Bk Edition.

• « Database Management Systems », 1997, Raghu Ramaknishnan, McGraw-Hill Companies.

• « Database Systems Design, Implementation and Management », 1999, Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel, Cours Technology Ptr, 4th edition.

• In Database Market, Oracle Gets Bigger (http://www.informationweek.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=207402230), Others Hang On, InformationWeek, Apr 25, 2008

• Oracle grows lead in database market (http://www.arabianbusiness.com/517936-oracle-grows-lead-in-database-market), ArabianBusiness.com, Apr 30, 2008

• Selecting a mid-market database (http://www.osnews.com/story/10498), OSNews, May 3, 2005

• Worldwide Embedded DBMS 2007 - 2011 Forecast and 2006 Vendor Shares (Excerpt from IDC # 209653), IDC, 2007

• Database Security (http://www.governmentsecurity.org/articles/DatabaseSecurityCommon-sensePrinciples.php), GovernmentSecurity.org