What is assessment

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UNIVERSIDAD MARIANO GALVEZ DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS LICDA. EVELYN R. QUIROA What is assessment and evaluation? Assessment is defined as datagathering strategies, analyses, and reporting processes that provide information that can be used to determine whether or not intended outcomes are being achieved: Evaluation uses assessment information to support decisions on maintaining, changing, or discarding instructional or programmatic practices. These strategies can inform: The nature and extent of learning, Facilitate curricular decision making, Correspondence between learning and the aims and objectives of teaching, and The relationship between learning and the environments in which learning takes place. Evaluation is the culminating act of interpreting the information gathered for the purpose of making decisions or judgments about students' learning and needs, often at reporting time. Assessment and evaluation are integral components of the teachinglearning cycle. The main purposes are to guide and improve learning and instruction. Effectively planned assessment and evaluation can promote learning, build confidence, and develop students' understanding of themselves as learners. Assessment data assists the teacher in planning and adapting for further instruction. As well, teachers can enhance students' understanding of their own progress by involving them in gathering their own data, and by sharing teachergathered data with them. Such participation makes it possible for students to identify personal learning goals. Types of Assessment and Evaluation There are three types of assessment and evaluation that occur regularly throughout the school year: diagnostic, formative, and summative. Diagnostic assessment and evaluation usually occur at the beginning of the school year and before each unit of study. The purposes are to determine students' knowledge and skills, their learning needs, and their motivational and interest levels. By examining the results of diagnostic assessment, teachers can determine where to begin instruction and what concepts or skills to emphasize. Diagnostic assessment provides information essential to teachers in selecting relevant learning objectives and in designing appropriate learning experiences for all students, individually and as group members. Keeping diagnostic instruments for comparison and further reference enables teachers and students to determine progress and future direction. Diagnostic assessment tools such as the Writing Strategies Questionnaire and the Reading Interest/Attitude Inventory in this guide can provide support for instructional decisions.

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Definition of evaluation

Transcript of What is assessment

Page 1: What is assessment

UNIVERSIDAD MARIANO GALVEZ DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS LICDA. EVELYN R. QUIROA 

What is assessment and evaluation? 

Assessment  is  defined  as  data‐gathering  strategies,  analyses,  and  reporting  processes  that provide  information  that  can be used  to determine whether or not  intended outcomes  are being achieved: Evaluation uses assessment  information to support decisions on maintaining, changing, or discarding instructional or programmatic practices. These strategies can inform: 

• The nature and extent of learning, 

• Facilitate curricular decision making, 

• Correspondence between learning and the aims and objectives of teaching, and  

• The relationship between learning and the environments in which learning takes place. 

Evaluation  is the culminating act of  interpreting the  information gathered for the purpose of making decisions or judgments about students' learning and needs, often at reporting time.  

Assessment and evaluation are  integral components of the teaching‐learning cycle. The main purposes are to guide and  improve  learning and  instruction. Effectively planned assessment and evaluation can promote  learning, build confidence, and develop students' understanding of themselves as learners.  

Assessment data assists the teacher  in planning and adapting for further  instruction. As well, teachers  can  enhance  students'  understanding  of  their  own  progress  by  involving  them  in gathering their own data, and by sharing teacher‐gathered data with them. Such participation makes it possible for students to identify personal learning goals.  

Types of Assessment and Evaluation 

There are three types of assessment and evaluation that occur regularly throughout the school year: diagnostic, formative, and summative.  

Diagnostic assessment and evaluation usually occur at the beginning of the school year and before each unit of study. The purposes are to determine students' knowledge and skills, their learning  needs,  and  their  motivational  and  interest  levels.  By  examining  the  results  of diagnostic assessment, teachers can determine where to begin instruction and what concepts or  skills  to  emphasize. Diagnostic  assessment  provides  information  essential  to  teachers  in selecting relevant learning objectives and in designing appropriate learning experiences for all students,  individually and as group members. Keeping diagnostic  instruments for comparison and  further  reference  enables  teachers  and  students  to  determine  progress  and  future direction.  

Diagnostic  assessment  tools  such  as  the Writing  Strategies Questionnaire  and  the  Reading Interest/Attitude Inventory in this guide can provide support for instructional decisions.  

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Formative  assessment  and  evaluation  focus  on  the  processes  and  products  of  learning. Formative assessment is continuous and is meant to inform the student, the parent/guardian, and  the  teacher  of  the  student's  progress  toward  the  curriculum  objectives.  This  type  of assessment  and  evaluation  provides  information  upon  which  instructional  decisions  and adaptations can be made and provides students with directions for future learning.  

Involvement in constructing their own assessment instruments or in adapting ones the teacher has made allows students to focus on what they are trying to achieve, develops their thinking skills,  and  helps  them  to  become  reflective  learners.  As well,  peer  assessment  is  a  useful formative  evaluation  technique.  For  peer  assessment  to  be  successful,  students  must  be provided with assistance  and  the opportunity  to observe a model peer assessment  session. Through  peer  assessment  students  have  the  opportunity  to  become  critical  and  creative thinkers who  can  clearly  communicate  ideas  and  thoughts  to  others.  Instruments  such  as checklists or learning logs, and interviews or conferences provide useful data.  

Summative assessment and evaluation occur most often at  the end of a unit of  instruction and at term or year end when students are ready to demonstrate achievement of curriculum objectives. The main purposes are to determine knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes that have developed over a given period of time; to summarize student progress; and to report this progress to students, parents/guardians, and teachers.  

Summative judgements are based upon criteria derived from curriculum objectives. By sharing these objectives with the students and involving them in designing the evaluation instruments, teachers enable students to understand and internalize the criteria by which their progress will be determined.  

Often assessment and evaluation results provide both formative and summative  information. For example, summative evaluation can be used formatively to make decisions about changes to  instructional  strategies,  curriculum  topics,  or  learning  environment.  Similarly,  formative evaluation  assists  teachers  in  making  summative  judgements  about  student  progress  and determining where  further  instruction  is necessary  for  individuals or  groups. The  suggested assessment techniques included in various sections of this guide may be used for each type of evaluation.