What is an automated vehicle and what does it mean for ... · Lyft is Now Offering Self-driving Car...
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iihs.org What is an automated vehicle and what does it mean for child passenger safety? Lifesavers Conference Louisville, KY April 2, 2019 Jessica S. Jermakian
Transcript of What is an automated vehicle and what does it mean for ... · Lyft is Now Offering Self-driving Car...
iihs.org
What is an automated vehicle and what does it mean for child passenger safety?
Lifesavers ConferenceLouisville, KYApril 2, 2019
Jessica S. Jermakian
Uber Strikes Deal With Volvo to Bring Self-Driving Cars to Its NetworkNew York Times, November 20, 2017
Nissan Begins Public Robo-taxi Trials Next YearCNET, December 4, 2017
Lyft is Now Offering Self-driving Car Trips in BostonThe Verge, December 6, 2017
Mercedes promises self-driving taxis in just three yearsWired, April 4, 2017
Self-driving taxi service from Waymo set to begin shortly
CleanTechnica, November 11, 2017
GM Aims for Self-Driving Taxi Fleet by 2019Wall Street Journal, November 30, 2017
Final Countdown: Nissan Introducing Fully Autonomous Cars in 2022
Industry Week, December 6, 2017
What does it mean to be an “autonomous vehicle”?
What does it mean to be an “autonomous vehicle”?
Who or what is driving?
Fallback
Where andwhen does it
operate?Sustained
controlDetection &response
Level 0: none none n/a
Level 1: assistance limited
Level 2: partial limited
Level 3: conditional limited
Level 4: high limited
Level 5: full unlimited
+
SAE J3016 Levels of Driving Automation
Crash avoidance systems are Level 0
Who or what is driving?
Fallback
Where andwhen does it
operate?Sustained
controlDetection &response
Level 0: none none n/a
Level 1: assistance limited
Level 2: partial limited
Level 3: conditional limited
Level 4: high limited
Level 5: full unlimited
+
Automatic Emergency Braking
Partial automation combines speed control (ACC) and steering assistance
Who or what is driving?
Fallback
Where andwhen does it
operate?Sustained
controlDetection &response
Level 0: none none n/a
Level 1: assistance limited
Level 2: partial limited
Level 3: conditional limited
Level 4: high limited
Level 5: full unlimited
+
Partial automation is available to consumers today but their effect on crashes is not yet known
Driving Assistant Plus Autopilot
Co-Pilot 360 ProPilot Assist SuperCruise
Drive Pilot
Partial automation can struggle even in basic driving tasksLane keeping on hills
Less common hazards may or may not be detectedOn-road testing
What CPS technicians need to know: Passenger vehicles with partial automation
Partial automation is available to consumers
today as the combination of speed control
(adaptive cruise control) and steering assistance
(lane centering technology)
Drivers MUST remain engaged for these systems
to be used safely
Passenger vehicles with partial automation meet
all occupant protection safety standards
August 2018
Level 4 – No human required within the design domain
Who or what is driving?
Fallback
Where andwhen does it
operate?Sustained
controlDetection &response
Level 0: none none n/a
Level 1: assistance limited
Level 2: partial limited
Level 3: conditional limited
Level 4: high limited
Level 5: full unlimited
+
Autonomous vehicle testing and deployment lawsAs of April 2, 2019
Some high automation vehicles are retrofitted passenger vehicles
Passenger vehicles equipped with upgraded sensor
suite and proprietary automation software
Meet all occupant protection safety standards
Owned and operated by companies, not consumers
Operated in limited areas
Some high automation vehicles are minimally regulated
Gap in the regulations for many of these vehicles
Do not meet occupant protection safety standards
Owned and operated by companies, not consumers
Operated in limited areas
High automation vehicles may have alternate seating configurations in the future
Research is on-going to determine the best way to
protect occupants in non-traditional seating
configurations
Non-traditional seating in passenger vehicles will
require exemption from federal safety standards
– In 2018, General Motors requested an exemption to allow
a passenger vehicle with no steering wheel or accelerator
What CPS technicians need to know: High automation vehicles in 2019
High automation are being tested or
deployed in limited areas
Retrofitted passenger vehicles with high
automation meet all occupant protection
safety standards
Other high automation vehicles are
minimally regulated
New seating concepts in passenger vehicles
require exemption from safety standards
November 2016
Crashes will still happen
It takes time for new vehicle features to penetrate the vehicle fleetPredicted registered vehicles by feature by calendar year
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
autobrake adaptiveheadlights
blind spotwarning
lanedeparturewarning
parkingsensors
rearviewcamera
2018
2023
2028
2033
2038
Crash prevention potential of two domain restricted automated driving systems Percent of crashes
0
10
20
crashes injured persons deaths
freeway autopilot
traffic jam autopilot
Waymo: Google self-driving car program2009 to present
Involved in 1/3 as many police-reportable crashes
as human drivers per mile traveled in Mountain
View, CA
Vast majority of crashes involved Google car rear-
ended by another vehicle (driven by a human)
So, even if autonomous vehicles (or their test
programs) are operated extremely safely, there will
still be crashes when they are struck by other
vehicles driven by humans.
Expected crash rate reduction is about two-thirds.
modified Toyota Prius modified Lexus RX450h
Waymo Firefly prototype
low-speed vehicle
modified Chrysler Pacifica
Restraint use will still be critical to safety
What CPS technicians need to know: summary
Partial automation (driver assistance) is available to consumers today but driver MUST
remain engaged for these systems to be used safely
– These are NOT driverless vehicles
High automation vehicles are being tested or deployed in limited areas
– Vehicles are owned and operated by companies, not consumers
– Retrofitted passenger vehicles meet safety standards but other vehicle types are minimally
regulated and do not meet occupant protection standards
Crashes will continue to happen so we need continued focus on child passenger safety
Post-conference presentation downloads:
iihs.org/lifesavers
iihs.org
Jessica Jermakian
Senior Research [email protected]
