What is Abnormal Psychology? behaviors, thoughts, & moods outside what is considered “normal” in...
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What is Abnormal Psychology?
• behaviors, thoughts, & moods outside what is considered “normal” in culture - atypical
• However… what is normal? what is abnormal?
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Psychopathology
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CATEGORIES
• Neuroses - anxiety based
- Phobias - Panic Disorders - GAD - OCD - Hypochondriasis - Depressions - Amnesias - PTSD - DID
• Psychoses – physiological based
- Personality Disorders *Addictions *Schizoid * Borderline - Depressions - Bipolar Disorder - Paranoia - Schizophrenias
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Whitlock’s Line of Psychopathology
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Reality
Neuroses
Psychoses
DID
PTSD
Phobias
Self-mutilation
Bi-Polar Disorder
BDD
Paranoid
Schizophrenia
SAD
Psychogenic Pain
Sexual Deviance
Addictions
Eating Disorders
Pseudocysis
Pyromania
RADOCDKleptomania
Trichotillomania
Hypochondriasis
Fugue
GAD
Munchausen(Pedophilia)
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Historical Views of Abnormal Behavior
• Demonology, Gods, & Magic– Abnormal behavior often attributed to possession– “Good”or“Bad” possession depended on symptoms
• Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.)
- Mental disorders due to natural causes
- Humors = Fluids
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Twentieth Century Treatment
• 1946 – 1963: Changing views of mental health services– National Institute of Mental Health organized– DSM-I published– Mary Jane Ward published The
Snake Pit– Goffman published Asylums– Hill-Burton Act is passed – Community Health Services Act of
1963
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20th Century Deinstitutionalization
Deinstitutionalization and Community Mental Health Care1970s
• Forces that initiated– Miracle drugs– Reconceptualization of Mental Illness– Recognition of Institutional Hazards– Economic Incentives
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Is this a mental disorder?
• A man can’t get through the day without crying
• A woman stays in bed until noon
• A woman believes that her daughter’s spirit is escaping from her body
• A man sets fire to his land
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What are we studying?
• Abnormal Behaviors
• Psychopathology
• Mental Disorders
• Mental Illnesses
• Deviant Behaviors
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Defining Mental Disorder
Must Have….
• Distress
• Maladaptiveness
• Irrationality
• Unpredictability
• Unconventionality
• Observer Discomfort
• Violation of Moral and Ideal Standards
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Mental Health Professionals
• Clinical Psychologist (Ph.D., C. Psych.)
• Psychiatrist (M.D.)
• Psychiatric Social Worker (M.S.W.)
• Psychoanalyst
• Therapist/Counselor
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Being Sane in Insane Places• Rosenhan Pseudopatient Study, 1973• Eight healthy participants complained of hearing
voices saying “thud,” “hollow,” and “empty,” but did not feign any other symptoms
• Admitted to inpatient hospital• Once admitted, “stopped” hearing these voices• Seven received diagnosis of Schizophrenia• Stays ranged from 7 to 52 days, average of 19 days
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• Family and friends could identify no significant differences in behavior of “pseudo-patients”
• 35/118 other patients identified “pseudo-patients” as being sane– “You’re not crazy. You’re a journalist or a professor.
You’re checking up on the hospital.”
• Otherwise normal behavior was interpreted by hospital staff as symptoms of illness– Writing in journal was interpreted as compulsive
behavior– Walking around floor was interpreted as anxiety
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Key points• When thinking about mental disorders, it is
important to remember:– Knowing person’s diagnosis and understanding that
diagnosis is important, but it is not sufficient to understanding person
– It is important to take person’s culture into consideration when thinking about their symptoms
– People are not defined by their diagnosis
• No one would talk about a cancer patient and say, “He’s cancerian” but people will say “He’s schizophrenic” when talking about someone suffering from schizophrenia
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