• What is a mineral made of?• What do multiple minerals together make?• 2 types of Minerals

Day 2:

Mineral Structure• A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid

that has a define crystalline structure.• Minerals may be either elements or

compounds.• Elements are pure substances that cannot be

broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means.

• A compound is a substance made of two or more different elements that have been joined together by a chemical bond.

AtomAtomAn atom is the smallest unit of an element that

maintains the properties of that element.

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/75005.htm

Ie. Ripping Paper: If I tear a sheet of paper into tiny pieces, those pieces still maintain the properties of paper. Likewise, an atom is a

smaller piece of an element, but still keeps all the properties of that element.

ElementElement

ElementElement

Period Table of Period Table of ElementsElements

Difference between an Difference between an Element & a CompoundElement & a Compound

Play Doh DemonstrationPlay Doh Demonstration

• Follow directions.• Do not play with or throw the

play-doh.

CompoundCompound

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/75007.htm

A compound is a substance that is made of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.

CompoundCompound

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/75007.htm

Compound Compound WordWordFireflies

Mineral Structure

• A few minerals, such as gold and silver, are composed of only one element.

• A mineral that is composed of only one element is called a native element.

• Native elements are used in communications, and electronics equipment.

Native ElementsNative Elements

Two Groups of Minerals• Minerals are divided into two groups based on their

chemical composition.• Silicate minerals are minerals that contain a

combination of the elements silicon and oxygen (quartz, feldspar, mica).

• Silicate minerals make up over 90% of the Earth’s crust.

• Nonsilicate minerals are minerals that do not contain a combination of the elements silicon and oxygen ( copper, calcite, fluorite, corundum, gypsum, galena).

Silicate

• Silicate minerals include the elements Silicon and Oxygen.

• Other metal elements, such as Aluminium and Iron, also attach to Silicon and Oxygen to make other silicate minerals.

• Examples of silicate minerals:• Feldspar, quartz, mica

Common Silicate Minerals

Nonsilicate

• Minerals that do not have both silicon and oxygen.

• found in only 8% of the Earth's crust. • Examples of nonsilicates:– precious metals: gold, silver, and platinum– useful metals: iron, aluminum and lead– precious gems diamond and ruby.

Classes of Nonsilicate Minerals