What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it...

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What is a Computer? How Does it Work?

Transcript of What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it...

Page 1: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

What is a Computer? How Does it Work?

Page 2: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

All a computer can do is◦ Accept Input – You give it this◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it◦ Store Data – You tell it to Store the info◦ Output Data – It displays information on a

monitor or other external device (maybe speakers?)

Page 3: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

◦ Accept Input◦ Process Data◦ Store Data◦ Output Data◦ And a few other things like actually thinking for

himself/herself

Page 4: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Computers give us access to resources that are helpful

Computers Can Store More Data than we could possibly imagine

Computers can do computations much faster than we could ever dream of

Page 5: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.
Page 6: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Sabotage the security of Governments' Computers

Get Access to Missile Codes Have a massive assault on the World The humans would win with some stroke of

luck, or help from some guy named John Connor

Page 7: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

• Computers are stupid• They just do what they are told

• So what does this mean?• The Computer Makes No Errors• Most Computer Problems are

Software Related• But there are occasionally

Hardware problems that must be addressed

Page 8: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Hardware – The physical components Software – the programs or lists of

instructions

Microsoft Word is a Software Application The Computer’s Monitor is a piece of

hardware

Page 9: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

2 Types of Software◦ System Software

Operating System Anti-virus Utilities Programming Languages Device Drivers

◦ Application Software Microsoft Word Paint Browser Most everything is application software

Page 10: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Operating System – the software that is responsible for the environment of operation

Technical Definition - it controls the I/O or input/output, the flow of data from microprocessor to memory to peripherals.

Examples◦ OS X◦ Unix◦ Linux◦ Vista◦ XP

Page 11: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Architecture or configuration is the design of the computer.◦ As in, what does the computer consist of?

Specification is the technical detail about each component.◦ As in, how big is the monitor?

Page 12: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

DVD Burner DVD+R 16x, DVD-R 8x, DVD+-RW 8x,

DVD+R DL 4x, DVD-R DL 4x Pentium 4 Processor 2.99Ghz 1mb L2Cache Pentium 4 Processor

Page 13: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

The hardware, software, and you work together to

complete tasks.

Page 14: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

The categories of computers are: Personal or microcomputers

◦ Desktop◦ Notebook, Laptop, Tablet PC

Hand-help or PDAs Mainframes

◦ are used by companies to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data.

Supercomputers◦ are the largest and fastest of computers, and can

process an enormous volume of data

Page 15: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Mainframes◦ are used by companies to provide centralized are used by companies to provide centralized storage, storage,

processing, and management for large amounts of data.processing, and management for large amounts of data.◦ Mainframes are for LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA and Mainframes are for LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA and

RELATIVELY FAST PROCESSING – USED FOR BUSINESSRELATIVELY FAST PROCESSING – USED FOR BUSINESS SupercomputersSupercomputers

◦ Largest and Fastest ComputersLargest and Fastest Computers◦ Supercomputers are for LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA AND FOR Supercomputers are for LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA AND FOR

VERY VERY FAST PROCESSING – USED FOR SCIENCEVERY VERY FAST PROCESSING – USED FOR SCIENCE

Page 16: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Some input devices are:

Keyboard Mouse Trackball Track point Touch pad Wireless pointer Joystick Microphone Webcam Keyboard

Cordless mouse

Page 17: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Monitors◦ LCD◦ CRT

Printers Force-Feedback Joysticks

Page 18: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Multimedia devices are peripheral devices that include text, graphics, sound, animation, and video.

Examples: Video Cards TV Tuners Sound Cards Speakers Microphones Web Cam

Page 19: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

How is all of this possible? Computers interpret commands as a series

of 1’s and 0’s On – 1 Off – 0 1 Bit is 1 on or 1 off 8 bits make a byte What’s half of a byte?

Page 20: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Know the approximations below Kilobyte – 2^10 bytes (approximately 1000 bytes) Megabyte - 2^20 bytes is a megabyte

(approximately 1 million bytes) Gigabyte – 2^30 bytes (approximately 1 billion

bytes)

Page 21: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

In what movie did a white haired scientist say the prefix Giga completely wrong?

The Answer

Page 22: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Brain – micro-processor (processor or CPU for short)◦ Ever see on computer specifications something like the

following?: 515 Intel Pentium 4 Processor 2.99Ghz Short-Term Memory – RAM (random access

memory)◦ Ever see on computer specifications something like the

following?:1GB PC3200 DDR SDRAM memory Long-Term Memory – HDD (hard disk drive)

◦ Ever see on computer specifications something like the following?: 120 GB 7200 RPM Serial ATA hard drive

Which 2 of these 3 effect price the most?

Page 23: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Backbone (and Central Nervous System)◦ Motherboard

Eye◦ Webcam

Ears ◦ Microphone

Voicebox◦ Speakers

Page 24: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Its speed is determined by:◦ Clock speed –Ghz or Mhz◦ Word size – 32 Bit Processor or 64 Bit Processor?◦ Cache size – Faster than RAM memory that helps

with processing, usually on the CPU chip or right beside it

Page 25: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Memory refers to RAM (Short-term Memory)◦ Memory in a computer is Volatile

Storage refers to “Persistent Data”◦ Hard Disk Drives◦ Flash Drives◦ Floppies◦ Tape Drives

Page 26: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

There are four types of memory:◦ Random access memory (RAM)◦ Virtual memory (paging)◦ Read-only memory (ROM)

is the permanent storage location for a set of instructions the computer uses.

◦ Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS) semi-permanent information about where essential software

is stored. Used For BIOS

Page 27: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

A storage device receives data from RAM and A storage device receives data from RAM and writes it on a storage medium. Later, it can writes it on a storage medium. Later, it can be read and sent back to RAM.be read and sent back to RAM.

Page 28: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Some common magnetic storage devices are:

Floppy disksHard disk drivesTape drives (good for

archival purposes)Zip drives

A floppy disk

Page 29: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

CD DVD HD DVD Blu-ray

+R or -R Denotes Recordable Disk +RW or –RW Denotes Rewritable Disk + DL or –DL Denotes Dual Layer (Higher

Capacity) Disk

Page 30: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports replace numerous connectors with one plug and port combination. (The port that thumb drives use)

Peripherals - a piece of computer hardware that is added to a host computer (any hardware that isn’t in the computer) – Mouse is an example

Data bus – the data connections on the motherboard that allow communications between devices and all components of the computer

Page 31: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

A client/server network is a network with a file server. A file server acts as the central storage location. (The WWW)

A network without a file server is a peer-to-peer network. All of the computers are equal.

Page 32: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.
Page 33: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

LAN – Local Area Connection (home network, or small business network)

WAN – Wide Area Network◦ any network whose communications links cross

metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries◦ Ex: The World Wide Web

PAN – Personal Area Network (bluetooth, short range)

MAN – Metropolitan area network◦ Network spanning a city

Page 34: What is a Computer? How Does it Work?. All a computer can do is ◦ Accept Input – You give it this ◦ Process Data – It “Thinks” about it ◦ Store Data.

Each computer that is part of the network must Each computer that is part of the network must

have a network have a network interface cardinterface card and and network network

software.software.

Then it becomes a Then it becomes a workstationworkstation..

Any device connected to the network is called a Any device connected to the network is called a

nodenode..


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