What goals should be reached through REDD+? And

beyond REDD+?

Hwan-Ok Ma & Eduardo Mansur Reforestation and Forest Management Division

ITTO

International Technical Seminar Towards Developing a Framework of Global REDD+

Waseda Univ, Tokyo, 8 February 2012

Policy approaches and positive incentives for

Reducing Emissions from

Deforestation and Forest Degradation in developing countries; and (plus)

the role of conservation,

sustainable management of forests and

enhancement of forest carbon stocks

REDD+ Definition (UNFCCC- Bali Action Plan, 2007)

Be

ne

fits to

wa

rds

Su

sta

ina

ble

Fo

rest

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Past, Present, Future

2012

2005

Beyond

2012 ?? Kyoto

Protocol

Montreal

1992

Rio

Bali Road

Map

2007

Copenhagen

Accord

2009 2011 2010

Cancun

Agreements

Durban

Platform

Rio+ 20

2020

New

Protocol

Forest has been the subject of discussion and negotiation since 1992 and REDD+ will be an important subject in a new protocol

UNFCCC

CBD

UNCCD

Forest

Principles

Supporting REDD+ Readiness

4

Launching of the REDD+ Partnership in Oslo in 2010: US$4.5 billion to scale up REDD+

WB FCPF and Investment Programme, UN-REDDS and GEF: Assisting 40+ developing countries to prepare REDD+ strategies by 2015

… and other bi- and multilateral initiatives: ITTO-REDDES, Amazon Fund, Congo Basin Forest Fund, Norway‘s

International Forest and Climate and Forest Initiative, JICA’s REDD+, Australia‘s International Forest Carbon Initiative, …

Japan – Bilateral Offset Mechanism Feasibility Studies for REDD+ : Supporting FS in several countries

ITTO Case:

Public-

Private

Partnership

High-Biodiversity REDD+ in Meru Betiri National Park, Indonesia • Executing Agency: FORDA, Min of Forestry

• Funded by: Seven & i Holdings (Japan)

ITTO Case: Facilitation to REDD+ Feasibility

Study

Bilateral Offset Mechanism of Japan •Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry •Ministry of Environment

Place Acre

Brazilian

Amazon

Brazil

Central

Kalimantan

Indonesia

Size 1.5 mill ha 200,000 ha

REDD+ Goal: Climate Change Mitigation

7

REDD+ is being developed first and foremost as a climate mitigation option:

During the 1990s, 0.5-2.7 Gt C per year were released by land-use activities while 6.4 ± 0.4 Gt C per year were emitted from combustion of fossil fuels.

An estimated 7 to 13 million ha of forests are cleared each year, releasing about 1.5 Gt C (5.5 Gt CO2) into the atmosphere.

2 to 3 million ha of tropical forests are degraded each year by unsustainable management.

Potential for forest landscape/ecosystem restoration

The Bonn Challenge on Forests, Climate Change and Biodiversity launched

in 2011 to restore 150 million ha by 2020

REDD+ Goal: Biodiversity Conservation

8

REDD+ is being promoted as an opportunity to maximize biodiversity benefits as the opportunities for REDD-plus and biodiversity synergies are immense:

Forests are home to more than half the Earth’s terrestrial biodiversity. The Amazon rainforest alone hosts about a quarter of the world’s terrestrial species

High potential of improving in-situ conservation of biodiversity by protecting forest habitats; allowing forest ecosystems to adapt to climate change

REDD+ Goal: Indigenous People and Local Community

9

More than 300 million IP and LC depend mainly on forests for their livelihoods (World Bank 2004):

Increased attention to social safeguards

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is being promoted to ensure the full and effective participation of IP and LC

Improved community-based forest management (CBFM)

But, critical questions remain about the design of REDD+ which will determine who benefits

Benefits of REDD+: Enabling Conditions of SFM

10

REDD+ has considerable co-benefits to promote the achievement of sustainable forest management (SFM):

Improved multi-stakeholders consultation

Improved forest policy reform – governance; land tenure conflicts

Improved measuring, reporting and verifying (MRV) systems from carbon to social-environmental safeguards

Improved payment systems for environmental services (PES) provided by tropical forests

Contribution of REDD+ to SFM & Aichi Biodiversity Target

11

Sustainable Forest

Management REDD +

Aichi Biodiversity

Target

7 Elements

Extent of forest resources

Forest biological diversity

Forest health and vitality

Productive function of forest resources

Protective function of forest resources

[Socio-economic functions of forests] -cross cutting

[Legal, policy and institutional framework] -cross cutting

5 Elements

1. Reducing emissions from deforestation

2. Reducing emissions from forest degradation

3. Conserving forest carbon stocks

4. Sustainable management of forests

5. Enhancing forest carbon stocks

4 Targets by 2020

Target 5: To halve the rate of deforestation

Target 7: To bring all forests under sustainable management

Target 11: To bring 17 % of land areas under protected area management

Target: 15: To restore 15 % of degraded ecosystems

Scaling-up REDD+ beyond 2012

UNFCCC Policy Decisions on

REDD+

Emission Reduction Scheme for REDD+ (Market-based, Fund-based, hybrid)

PHASE III : PAYMENT FOR PERFORMANCE Measured, reported and verified emissions

reduction and sequestration

UN

FCC

C N

ego

tiat

ion

s

Ad

dit

ion

al F

inan

cin

g?

PHASE I: NATIONAL REDD+ STRAEGY DEVELOPMENT Organization and Consultation on REDD+ Developing a REDD+ country strategy Institutional strengthening Demonstration activities

PHASE II: IMPLEMENTATION OF PAMs Policies & Measures (PAMs) proposed in Phase I Sub-national investments

2015?

2012, onwards

Since 2005

UNFCCC COP 11 Montreal 2005 to COP 17 Durban 2011

RED

D+

Par

tner

ship

(7

1 co

un

trie

s +,

po

licy

exch

ange

)

2020?

Conclusion: Tropical Forests beyond REDD+

13

Potential of REDD+: being developed as a payment for environmental services (PES) provided by tropical forests.

If we spend around US$17-33 billion per year to 2030 to halt deforestation, it could generate benefits of US$7.3 trillion (Eliasch 2009).

Benefits from REDD+: Considerable but depend on design of REDD+ architecture (Policy approaches and positive incentives for REDD+); Strong need for capacity building (Phases I and II)

Success of REDD+: Payment for Performance (Phase III) facilitates the development of payments for other environmental services in tropical forests at national, regional and international levels

14

REDD+ in place in tropical countries towards

sustainable financing

sustainable forest management

sustainable development

Looking Forward

Thank you