What future?What future?A view of little things that might just make a difference A view of little things that might just make a difference

Warning: This is not a sales pitch

Provisional AgendaProvisional Agenda

Background .Background . The challenge of fuel price increases.The challenge of fuel price increases. Energy reductionEnergy reduction

– Lighting Controllers Lighting Controllers – Led’sLed’s– Practical measures Practical measures

Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues Recycle, reuse or reclaimRecycle, reuse or reclaim

– Thermal TreatmentsThermal Treatments Questions Questions

Manufacturing Manufacturing Has Britain fallen out of love with manufacturing? Has Britain fallen out of love with manufacturing? But successful economies cannot ignore whole But successful economies cannot ignore whole

industries and prosperindustries and prosper UK great at new ideas but exploitation is historically UK great at new ideas but exploitation is historically

poor.poor. Skills shortages will prevent the emergence of new Skills shortages will prevent the emergence of new

technologies.technologies. The burden of legislation / “help” is overwhelming The burden of legislation / “help” is overwhelming

even in environmental matters.even in environmental matters.– CCL, Packaging Regulations, Landfill tax, Carbon CCL, Packaging Regulations, Landfill tax, Carbon

Trust surveys, loans, Advanced Capital Allowances, Trust surveys, loans, Advanced Capital Allowances, ROCs etc ROCs etc

Controlling energy costs is essential to competing Controlling energy costs is essential to competing effectively. effectively.

Market volatility distorts competition.Market volatility distorts competition.

The Frightening Rise in Wholesale Electricity Prices in 36 months.

Making energy savings in ManufacturingMaking energy savings in Manufacturing

We know we have to save but where to We know we have to save but where to start is always difficult. start is always difficult.

Every business has the same challenge.Every business has the same challenge. What do we attack first?What do we attack first?

– Standing charges, Standing charges, – Peak loads, Peak loads, – Availability charges, Availability charges, – CCL avoidance, CCL avoidance, – Consumption – if so how?Consumption – if so how?– Rates,Rates,– Power FactorPower Factor

A Manufacturers ApproachA Manufacturers Approach

1.1. Get a free surveyGet a free survey2.2. Measure all the boards to understand the load.Measure all the boards to understand the load.3.3. Monitor consumption preferably by board or Monitor consumption preferably by board or

application.application.4.4. Include it as a KPIInclude it as a KPI5.5. Educate the workforce Educate the workforce

1.1. (-1(-1ººC = -~8%)C = -~8%)2.2. Turn it OffTurn it Off

6.6. Look at cooling and heatingLook at cooling and heating7.7. Look for simple modular units that make a difference.Look for simple modular units that make a difference.8.8. Give a Doer a bonus and monitor performance at least Give a Doer a bonus and monitor performance at least

monthly. monthly.

Voltage Reduction – LightingVoltage Reduction – Lighting

Works on Fluorescent and discharge lamps Works on Fluorescent and discharge lamps Bulbs are designed to operate 195v-205vBulbs are designed to operate 195v-205v Unlike tungsten filament bulbs not a linear Unlike tungsten filament bulbs not a linear

relationship between power input and light relationship between power input and light output.output.

25% reduction in power equates to a non 25% reduction in power equates to a non discernable 2-3% reduction discernable 2-3% reduction in light output.in light output.

Visit www.electricgreen.co.ukVisit www.electricgreen.co.uk

Before and After Power Savings

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

20:5

6:55

20:2

3:55

19:5

0:55

19:1

7:55

18:4

4:55

18:1

1:55

17:3

8:55

17:0

5:55

16:3

2:55

15:5

9:55

15:2

6:55

14:5

3:55

14:2

0:55

13:4

7:55

13:1

4:55

12:4

1:55

12:0

8:55

11:3

5:55

11:0

2:55

10:2

9:55

09:5

6:55

09:2

3:55

08:5

0:55

3 minute samples

Cu

rren

t (3

ph

ases

)

200

205

210

215

220

225

230

235

240

Vo

ltag

e

Yellow Amps Red Amps Blue Amps Voltage

Voltage Reduction – 3 Phase lighting circuits

LiteMiser – Voltage ReductionLiteMiser – Voltage Reduction

Reduced electricity consumption by 20%+Reduced electricity consumption by 20%+ Complies to H&S and CE electrical standardsComplies to H&S and CE electrical standards Simple installation either retro fitted or in new Simple installation either retro fitted or in new

buildsbuilds No changes to existing electrical infrastructureNo changes to existing electrical infrastructure Highly reliable maintenance free technologyHighly reliable maintenance free technology Pure sinusoidal output with no harmonics Pure sinusoidal output with no harmonics Improvement in power factorImprovement in power factor Extended life of bulbs by up to 60%Extended life of bulbs by up to 60% Quick payback / Excellent return on capitalQuick payback / Excellent return on capital Positive reduction in COPositive reduction in CO²²

Voltage Reduction – LightingVoltage Reduction – Lighting Typically reduces voltage by 25v (230v to 205v)Typically reduces voltage by 25v (230v to 205v) Unit sits between incoming switch and distribution Unit sits between incoming switch and distribution

board.board. Protects integrity of lighting by sensing the Protects integrity of lighting by sensing the

reduced voltage.reduced voltage. Reduces maintenance by extending bulb life.Reduces maintenance by extending bulb life. Payback shortened significantly as energy prices Payback shortened significantly as energy prices

have increased.have increased. See www.electricgreen.co.ukSee www.electricgreen.co.uk

Lighting – the futureLighting – the future

LED’s LED’s Started in car industryStarted in car industry Developed in specialist effect lightingDeveloped in specialist effect lighting Now mainstream.Now mainstream. MR 16s are very popular but inefficient.MR 16s are very popular but inefficient. 11stst generation replacements had poor colour generation replacements had poor colour

match.match. Luxeon LEDs are the future Luxeon LEDs are the future

– Same quality of light outputSame quality of light output– 7w equivalent to 50w MR167w equivalent to 50w MR16

Rapid payback ~12-18 monthsRapid payback ~12-18 months Technology and market developing fast Technology and market developing fast

Tri LED 3w = 20w Tungsten Halogen Tri LED 6w = 35w Tungsten Halogen

Tri LED 9w = 50w Tungsten Halogen

Very little energy wasted as Heat

Bulb life 50,000 hours

Cannot be retrofitted need drivers

Serial installation

Flexible light output

Capable of being developed further – clusters

LED Features

Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues

Its serious, and getting close to home.

Spain and Portugal suffering major water shortages

Rivers being diverted for national need.

Quality of ground water that remains has deteriorated over the last 15 years.

Environment – Why it mattersEnvironment – Why it matters

Global impact – huge economic opportunityGlobal impact – huge economic opportunity Developed countries must set the standardDeveloped countries must set the standard Politicians & financiers are short term, soPoliticians & financiers are short term, so Mobilisation of masses is essentialMobilisation of masses is essential Must not become fatalistic but rate of Must not become fatalistic but rate of

change has been frightening.change has been frightening. If we cannot change way of life we must If we cannot change way of life we must

become more efficient.become more efficient. Making a difference…………… Making a difference……………

Life has changed a lot in 35 years…Life has changed a lot in 35 years…

NowNow ThenThen

BiscuitsBiscuits OPPOPP Paper BagsPaper Bags

MeatMeat HDPE / PP /EPSHDPE / PP /EPS Greased PaperGreased Paper

Fruit JuiceFruit Juice TetrapakTetrapakPaper/Aluminium/Paper/Aluminium/

Paper Paper

Glass bottleGlass bottle

Butter / Yellow FatsButter / Yellow Fats LLDPE / PP / OPPLLDPE / PP / OPP Greased PaperGreased Paper

ToothpasteToothpaste HDPE/EVOH/LLDPEHDPE/EVOH/LLDPE AluminiumAluminium

Industrial Recycling PyramidIndustrial Recycling Pyramid

Virgin Materials

Primary and Secondary Packaging

Pharmaceutical - packaging

Medical – devices & systems

Food - packaging

Consumer -packaging

Home & Garden - furniture

Construction – windows, gutters

Recycled Materials

Oil Resources - the efficient cycleOil Resources - the efficient cycle

Landfill

Oil

Polymer

Product 1

Product 2 Recycle

Re-use

Product 1a

End of life

Energy Recovery

Generation

So what can improve the situation.So what can improve the situation.

Lot of investment in large scale aerobic & Lot of investment in large scale aerobic & anaerobic digestors, incinerators, composters etcanaerobic digestors, incinerators, composters etc

Other technologies can helpOther technologies can help Thermal treatments remove majority or all of the Thermal treatments remove majority or all of the

organic waste burden.organic waste burden. Provide an elegant end of life energy recovery Provide an elegant end of life energy recovery

system.system. Continue to work on some exciting research Continue to work on some exciting research

projectsprojects Commercialisation of one is now possibel.Commercialisation of one is now possibel.

Thermal Treatments of wasteThermal Treatments of waste

IncinerationIncineration PyrolysisPyrolysis GasificationGasification

Operating Operating Temperatures Temperatures

450 - 800450 - 800ºCºC 700 - 900700 - 900ºCºC 1100 - 14001100 - 1400ºCºC

Air proportion Air proportion 30 – 40%30 – 40% 10-15%10-15% 0-2%0-2%

Gases produced Gases produced Hydrocarbons, Hydrocarbons, Flurons, Dioxins, Flurons, Dioxins, other VOC’s & other VOC’s & contaminatescontaminates

As Incineration but As Incineration but lower levelslower levels

Hydrocarbons plus Hydrocarbons plus contaminatescontaminates

FuelsFuels Organics including Organics including RDFRDF

OrganicsOrganics Any dry organic Any dry organic compounds <18% compounds <18% moisturemoisture

Typical CapacityTypical Capacity 80,000 – 150,000 80,000 – 150,000 tonnes per annumtonnes per annum

20,000 – 30,000 20,000 – 30,000 tonnes per annumtonnes per annum

2,000 – 7,000 tonnes 2,000 – 7,000 tonnes per annumper annum

EmissionsEmissions Significant scrubbing Significant scrubbing requiredrequired

Scrubbing with lower Scrubbing with lower volumesvolumes

Emission freeEmission free

Physical SizePhysical Size Large due to Large due to scrubbing scrubbing requirements requirements

Limited commercial Limited commercial size plants yet.size plants yet.

Container sized and Container sized and movable.movable.

Why this is not IncinerationWhy this is not Incineration Air volumes with incineration are large. Spend Air volumes with incineration are large. Spend

much time & effort cleaning up output air. So much time & effort cleaning up output air. So plants are large.plants are large.

Environmentally it makes sense to treat rubbish Environmentally it makes sense to treat rubbish as close to the source as possible.as close to the source as possible.

This also has the benefit of reduced cost of This also has the benefit of reduced cost of transport with its own benefit.transport with its own benefit.

Totally scaleable 250kg – 1.5tonnes per hour.Totally scaleable 250kg – 1.5tonnes per hour. Less polluting than a Ford Mondeo! Less polluting than a Ford Mondeo! Better to distribute a scaleable solution to Better to distribute a scaleable solution to

produce power locally from rubbish produced produce power locally from rubbish produced locally.locally.

ProblemsProblems Best to have a homogeneous waste Best to have a homogeneous waste

source from single source.source from single source. Examples we have looked at includeExamples we have looked at include

– Plastic by-product from production,Plastic by-product from production,– Polythene sheets and silage wrap from Polythene sheets and silage wrap from

farming.farming.– Hospital contaminated waste.Hospital contaminated waste.– Supermarket waste- food, packaging etcSupermarket waste- food, packaging etc

Household waste possible with front end Household waste possible with front end handling.handling.

Nimby attitude but electrical benefit could Nimby attitude but electrical benefit could offset this.offset this.

Energy EquationEnergy Equation

1 tonne of Organic dry waste = 0.95MW of Electricity Energy

+ 1.6MW of Heat Energy

Gasifier Generator

Waste

Heat

Biogas Electricity

•WID – all aspects satisfiedWID – all aspects satisfied•A small footprint, the unit is skid mounted and modular.•Can be containerised and transported to the source of the waste.•Few moving parts.•Low operational cost and easily maintainable.•Computerised control system enabling remote monitoring / control.•Operates under mild vacuum and is inherently safe.•Rapid process start up - 15 minutes to gas production.•Can be stopped immediately simply by closing all air valves.•Can be run on a shift basis 8, or 16, hours per day, if required.•Can be turned down to process 25% of capacity if required.•No harmful emissions.•Low ash content, especially compared to incinerators.•Low plant profile compared to alternatives, (for NIMBY objectors).•Invisible flare / plumeless flare (no vapour trail)•Excellent Carbon Dioxide footprint (CO² to kWhr) •Installed at landfill sites to supplement landfill gas, thereby allowing optimal sizing of power generation equipment

Features of Gasification Systems

Road Blocks to TechnologyRoad Blocks to Technology

Thermals have had a Poor track Thermals have had a Poor track record of success in Thermalsrecord of success in Thermals

Poor understanding of capabilityPoor understanding of capability Associated with incinerationAssociated with incineration Lack of available venture fundsLack of available venture funds