What does reading involve?

During the 1980’s cognitive psychologists…attempted to distinguish the process why which the reader makes meaning of text. These theories have labeled bottom-up, top-down…interactive.

So What?

A 90 mile-per-hour fastball takes .46

seconds to reach the plate. From the time

the ball leaves the pitcher’s hand, a batter has about .15 seconds

to decide whether to start the swing. Timing is critical. If a batter

is 1/100 of a second too early or too late in swinging at the ball,

the ball is likely to go foul.

Dom Dimaggio and the 1946 World Series

Miguel Cabrera

He hates pitching machines…You don’t see arm action. In live at-bat, he can

do the bulk of his mental work before the ball leaves the pitcher’s hand,

recognizing the pitcher’s grip, analyzing the arm angle …”Right up here,” he

says, holding his hand over his head. “If I don’t recognize the ball in hand, I’m

in trouble.” “The mind of an elephant.” His seemingly recall of every at-bat

he has ever had against every pitcher he has faced.

Reading

Visual

Bottom- UpNon-Visual

Top-Down

Reading

Non-Visual

Top-Down

Easy Reading

Visual

Bottom-Up

Reading

Non-Visual

Top-Down

Hard Reading

Visual

Bottom-Up

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Building The Non-Visual

1. Being read to

2. Being talked to

3. Reading

4. Direct experiences

5. Other?