What does a stalemate mean?hunterhq.weebly.com/uploads/9/8/0/4/98043320/31war.pdf · BELLWORK 3/28...
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BELLWORK 3/28
• What does a stalemate mean?
a contest, dispute, competition, etc., in which neither side can gain an advantage or win
THE WAR BREAKS OUT
Date Title Page #
3/28 War Breaks Out 31
EQ: How did World War I unfold?
THE WAR BREAKS OUT
1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria visited Bosnian capital on June 28,1914
.2. 7 assassins from the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group, plot against him
A) ASSASSINATION of the ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND
3. 19-year-old Gavrilo Principshot the Archduke and his wife, Sophie
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS
B) AUSTRIA-HUNGARY’S ULTIMATUM
1. Germany gave “blank check” of military support to Austria-Hungary
2. Serbia refuses to let Austria-Hungary’s officials run an investigation in Serbia
3. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914
- Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported Austria-Hungary
4. Within one week, almost all of Europe plunged into war:- Germany declares war on Russia and France- Britain declares war on Germany
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS
C) Schlieffen Plan, August 1914-German invasion of France through Belgium
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS
Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?
- Resistance in Belgium
- British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
- Advanced too quickly for soldiers and supply lines
- Eastern Front drew troops
- First Battle of the Marne, 6-12 September 1914-Culmination of German Advance-led to trench warfare
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS
D) Trench Warfare
- machine guns- rapid-firing artillery- Foxholes- Trenches- Muck- Rats- Poison gas
“The skin of victims of mustard gas blistered, their eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful. Fatally injured victims sometimes took four or five weeks to die of mustard gas exposure”
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
TRENCH FOOT
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS
Schneider Obusiers de 520. This French 520mm (20.5 in) howitzer was
the biggest gun of the Great War. It could deliver a 3,100 lb shell (600 lbs
of explosive) over 10 miles. The gun car was just under 100 feet long and
weighed 290 tons.
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
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BELLWORK 3/30
• What does a stalemate mean?
a contest, dispute, competition, etc., in which neither side can gain an advantage or win
Date Title Page #
3/28 War Breaks Out (Continuing from Tues) 31
PROCESS
E) Total War
Lack of clear and achievable war aims
No sacrifice too great (as opposed to limited war)
Whole societies mobilized (prepared) for war
Industrialized countries could wage war, seemingly indefinitely
Key: Armaments and uniform production
Costly: e.g. Germany 1914: 36 million $/day (five times 1870)
1918: 146 million/day
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
All countries involved in the war applied the full force of industrial mass-production to the manufacture of weapons and ammunition.
Women on the home-front played a crucial role in this by working in munitions factories. This complete mobilization of a nation's resources, or "total war" meant that not only the armies, but also the economies of the warring nations were in competition.
Total War
Attrition: gradually wearing someone or something down. Outlast the enemy
For a time, in 1914-1915, some hoped that the war could be won through an attrition of resources - the enemy's supply of artillery shells could be exhausted in futile exchanges.
The war of attrition then focused on another resource: human lives.
In the Battle of Verdun in particular, German Chief of Staff Erich Von Falkenhayn hoped to "bleed France white" through repeated attacks on this French city.
In the end, the war ended through a combination of attrition of men and resources, advances on the battlefield, arrival of American troops in large numbers, and a breakdown of morale and productivity on the German home-front due to an effective naval blockade of her seaports.
F) War of Attrition
G) Massive death
- 337,000 German soldiers lost
- 377,000 French soldiers lost
- French “won”
Battle of Verdun
Battle of the Somme
420,000 British casualties
200,000 French casualties
About 500,000 German casualties
British and French gained 7 miles
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
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WW1 Casualties
World War 1 Casualties
Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Casualties
G) Massive deathover 30 million dead or wounded in battle
PROCESS
H) America Enters
Zimmerman Telegram – Germany attemptedto ally with Mexico against US
Submarine warfare took lives of many Americans –sinking of Lusitania
Declared War 1917
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS
I) RUSSIAN withdrawal and REVOLUTION WWI Exposed Russia’s economic
weaknesses
People revolted against the Czar, the army backed the people
Vladimir Lenin and Bolsheviks formed a communist government and overthrew provisional government in 1917 (October Revolution)
“peace, bread, and land”
Signed harsh peace treaty with Germany (Brest-Litovsk)
Allies upset, unsuccessfully helped opposition forces fight against communism
EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?
PROCESS EQ: DESCRIBE HOW WW1 UNFOLDED?