What do you KNOW about Latin America? What do you WANT TO ...€¦ · Physical Geography Rivers,...
Transcript of What do you KNOW about Latin America? What do you WANT TO ...€¦ · Physical Geography Rivers,...
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Journal Write
• KWL
• What do you KNOW about Latin America?
• What do you WANT TO KNOW about
Latin America?
• What did you LEARN today that you didn’t
know before?
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Latin America
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Objective
• Students will familiarize themselves with the
physical features and climates of Latin America.
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Latin America is divided into 2
regions
• A. Middle America: made up of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands
• B. South America
• “Latin” America identifies this as a cultural rather than a physical region
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Physical Geography
Ring of Fire
• Covers the west coasts of South America and Middle America
• Earthquakes/volcanoes are consequences of a crustal plates convergent, divergent, and transform contacts.
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Physical Geography
Mountains
• Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Orientalmeet near Mexico City to form the sharp-peaked Sierra Madre del Sur.
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Physical Geography
Mountains
• Brazilian Highlands of
Eastern Brazil: form an
escarpment (a slope or
long cliff between a
higher and lower
surface)
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Physical Geography
Mountains
• The Andes: 4500 miles
long—World’s longest
mountain chain.
• Second-highest range in
the world.
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Andes
• Mount Aconcagua is the
highest peak in the range.
It reaches up to 22,834
feet above sea level.
• The Andes were created
from the collision
between the Nazca and
South American plates.
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Positives and Negatives of
mountains
• Mountains often block communications,
isolating regions and people.
• They are also rich in mineral and soil resources.
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Physical Geography
Plateaus and Hills• Plateau is an
elevated flatlandthat rises sharply above nearby land on at least one side.
• High flatlands used for grazing and farming.
• Anahuac—densely populated Mexican Plateau
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Physical Geography
Plateaus and Hills
• Altiplano: Means
“high plain” covers
Bolivia and Peru
• Patagonia: Southern
Argentina, hills and
low flatlands form a
plateau area
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Physical Geography
Plains Areas• Llanos: run along the
Caribbean coast of South America: fertile plains in Venezuela and Columbia
• Amazon River Basin: largest lowland area of South America
• Pampas: grassy, treeless plains of Argentina and Uruguay. Rainfall and fertile soils needed for producing grain and grazing cattle and sheep.
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Physical Geography
The Amazon
• Plains cover most of South America. The
largest of these plains is the Amazon river
basin. It covers near 2 million square
miles.
• This plain makes up the largest rainforest
in the world.
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Amazon River Basin
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Physical Geography
Amazon
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Physical Geography
Amazon
• The Amazon River is 4,000 miles long. It
is the worlds LARGEST river by volume,
and no other river drains as large of an
area.
• So much water flows into the Atlantic that
it dilutes the seawater more than 100
miles from shore.
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Amazon Delta
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Physical Geography
Amazon
• More than 150 inches of
rain fall over the Amazon
basin every year. That is
over 12 times as much as
Utah.
• Anacondas, bats,
jaguars, monkeys,
piranha, and countless
other species live in the
forest.
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Physical Geography
Pampas
• The Pampas are located
in the eastern edge of
Argentina. This is the
most densely populated
area of Argentina.
• It is a very fertile farming
land. It is so fertile
because of erosion from
the Andes that carried soil
to the area.
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Physical Geography
Pampas
• The Pampas fertile
soils enable ranchers
to raise cattle and
grow grains.
Argentina is the 2nd
largest cattle
producer in the world
because of this.
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Physical Geography
Rivers, Lakes and Waterfalls
• Amazon: Greatest volume of water of any of World’s rivers and second longest next to the Nile.
• Parana, Paraguay, Uruguay: rivers form the second-largest river system in South America. Near Buenos Aires, the Paraguay and Uruguay rivers join to form the Rio de la Plata, which means “river of silver”.
• Lake Titicaca: World’s highest navigable lake which is found in Bolivia.
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Physical Geography
Landforms
• Yucatan Peninsula: surrounded by water on three sides.
• Found in southeastern Mexico
• It separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico.
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Physical Geography
Landforms
• The Antilles extend from Venezuela to Florida.
• The Greater Antilles are the large set of islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, the Bahamas, and Puerto Rico.
• The Lesser Antilles are comprised of 20 small island countries and territories.
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Physical Geography
Landforms• Central America is an
Isthmus (a narrow strip of
land connecting two larger
land areas, usually with
water on either side.) that
links North and South
America together.
• To the east lies the
Caribbean Sea and a group
of islands called the Greater
and Lesser Antilles
• To the west lies the Pacific
Ocean
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Climates of Latin America
• Tropical: Climates cover most of Latin America: Wet and hot all year.
• Found in Southern Mexico, eastern shores of some Caribbean Islands, large parts of South America
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Climates of Latin America• Rain Forest:
• Only covers 7 % of the earth’s surface, yet nearly one half of the world’s species of plants and animals are found there.
• What makes a tropical rain forest so unique is its biodiversity.
• A person could walk for a mile through the rain forest and never find two trees of the same kind. Much of this diversity is due to the special layering of plant life, the millions of species of insects and animals, the hot, humid climate and rich fertile soil.
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Climates of Latin America
• Rain Forest Layers
• 1. Emergent Layer: Contains very tall trees. Some taller than 160 feet. Butterflies and birds of prey, such as eagles, are found in this layer.
• 2. Canopy: rises about 100-130 feet above the ground. It is thick with vines and treesand gets a lot of sunshine. Most of the animals and plants in the rain forest live in the canopy.
• 3. Understory: the layer beneath the canopy. Bushes, shrubs and trees grow there about 50-80 feet above the ground. Plants do not grow tall in this layer because it gets very little sunlight. Bats, birds and cats like ocelots live here.
• 4. Forest Floor: the bottom layer of the rain forest has almost no direct sunlight. It is usually bare except for decaying plants that don’t need as much sun. Beetles, spiders, tapirs and flightless birds live here.
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Interesting tidbits about the Rain
Forest • Americans use 50 million tons
of paper annually -- consuming more than 850 million trees.
• Every day 50 to 100 species of plants and animals become extinct as their habitat and human influences destroy them.
• In Peninsular Malaysia, more tree species are found in 125 acres of Tropical Forest than in the entire North America.
• 63,000 square miles of Rainforests are being destroyed each year.
• A study has shown that there are possibly over 30 million species of insects dwelling in the canopies of tropical forests.
• Greater than a quarter of our rainforest is in Brazil
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Climates of Latin America
• Humid Subtropical: Winters are short and mild, summers are long and humid. Southeastern South America (Rio de Janeiro to Pampas)
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Climates of Latin America
• Desert: northern Mexico and southern and northwestern Argentina: Hot and dry climate most of the time: In some parts of the Atacama(border between Chile and Peru), no rainfall has ever been recorded.
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Climates of Latin America
• Steppe: Hot summers, cold winters, light rainfall: northern Mexico, highland areas in South America near the Andes
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Climates of Latin America• Highland Climate: depends on Altitude: Altitudinal
Zonation
• Copy CHART