What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?
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Transcript of What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?
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What do all these What do all these items have in items have in
common?common?
How does each object link in?How does each object link in?
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What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 3: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 4: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 5: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 6: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 7: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 8: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 9: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 10: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 11: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 12: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 13: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 14: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they
related?related?
![Page 15: What do all these items have in common? How does each object link in?](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f315503460f94c4d02e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What do all these What do all these items have in items have in
common?common?
AnswersAnswers
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OilOil
An oil rig is used to remove oil from reserves found under the ground
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OilOil
An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats
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OilOilOil is made from hydrocarbons chains (chains of hydrogen and carbons joined together)
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OilOil
Most cars run on petrol. Petrol is made from crude oil by separating out a certain carbon length
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OilOil
Crude oil straight from the ground is very thick and must be split into fractions (different carbon chain lengths) to be useful
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OilOil
Hydrocarbon chains can be drawn like this
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OilOil
Oil is split into fractions (different chain lengths) in a distillation column
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OilOil
Plastics are made from oil
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OilOil
The distillation column is used to separate the mixture of different oils (made of different lengths of carbon chain). This diagram shows what they are used for
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OilOil
An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats
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OilOil
Jets use kerosene in their engines which is a medium length hydrocarbon
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OilOil
An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats
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L.O. L.O. To know what crude oil is To know what crude oil is made from and to be able to made from and to be able to
represent Alkanes represent Alkanes
Crude Oil and Crude Oil and AlkanesAlkanes
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Oil and gas formationOil and gas formation
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Can you use these pictures to explain how Can you use these pictures to explain how oil is formed? (They aren’t in the correct oil is formed? (They aren’t in the correct
order)order)
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20/04/23Hydrocarbons and crude Hydrocarbons and crude oiloil
Longer chains mean…
1. Less ability to flow
2. Less flammable
3. Less volatile (ease to
vaporise)
4. Higher boiling point
5. Darker colours
Incre
asin
g le
ng
th
Crude oil is a mixture of HYDROCARBONS (compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen). Some examples:
Ethane
C C
HH
H
HH
H
Butane
C C
HH H
HH
H C C H
H
HH
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20/04/23
AlkanesAlkanesAlkanes are SATURATED HYDROCARBONS. What does this mean?
HYDROCARBONS are molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms
SATURATED means that all of these atoms are held together by single bonds, for example:
Ethane
Alkanes are fairly unreactive (but they do burn well). The general formula for an alkane is CnH2n+2
C C
HH
H
HH
H
Butane
C C
HH H
HH
H C C H
H
HH
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Names of AlkanesNames of Alkanes• The names of the 4 simplest alkanes are methane,
ethane, propane and butane.• After that the names are systematic (like the words
used to describe geometric shapes.) E.g.– 5 carbons = pentane C5H12
– 6 carbons = hexane C6H14
– 7 carbons = heptane C7H16
– 8 carbons = octane C8H18
– 9 carbons = nonaneC9H20
– 10 carbons = decane C10H22
carbon
hydrogenpentane
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Alkanes all have a general formula of CnH2n+2
This is because they have a CH3 at each end and the rest is made of groups of CH2
What will be the formula for alkanes containing the following numbers of carbons?
C12H26
C16H34
C31H64
C19H40
Activity
Number of carbons Formula
12
16
31
19
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C
H
H
H Hmethane, CH4
Drawing Alkanes
Alkanes can be drawn like this. Can you draw the alkanes below?
butane, C4H10
pentane, C5H12
ethane, C2H6
propane, C3H8
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butane, C4H10
C
H
H
H C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
pentane, C5H12
C
H
H
H C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H C
H
H
H
ethane, C2H6
C
H
H
H C
H
H
C
H
H
Hpropane, C3H8
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C
H
H
H C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
hexane, C6H14
and so on…………
Notice the carbon chainis not really straight
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Quick QuizQuick Quiz
• 1. Name the elements that join together to make a hydrocarbon
• 2. What name is given to the alkane C6H14?
• 3. Copy and complete this sentence: ‘As the chain length of a hydrocarbon decreases, the boiling point ………………….?’
• 4. Which is more flammable a short or long chain hydrocarbon? Why?
• 5.
20/04/23
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• 1. hydrogen and carbon• 2. hexane• 3. As the chain length of a
hydrocarbon decreases, the boiling point ………………….?
• 4. short chain hydrocarbons are more flammable because they are more volatile (reactive)
20/04/23