What Brings the Colonies Together?? Shared ideas, and a common enemy.
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Transcript of What Brings the Colonies Together?? Shared ideas, and a common enemy.
What Brings the Colonies Together??
Shared ideas, and a common enemy
Great Awakening - French and Indian War
The Great Awakening
• In the 1730’s -1740’s, a religious movement called the Great Awakening spread through the colonies – Spread by traveling
ministers
Jonathan Edwards
• The focus was on an inner religious emotion rather than outward religious behavior
• Encouraged equality and the right to challenge authority
• Colonial culture had changed
• Congregations argued over religious practices -often split
• Church membership overall grew
• Princeton and Brown were founded to train new ministers
• Colonists were inspired to help one another
• George Whitefield– Raised money to build an
orphanage
• Jonathan Edwards– Terrified listeners with
talk of the wrath of God, but promised salvation
• Some ministers taught religion and reading to N.A.’s and A.A.’s
The Enlightenment• The Enlightenment
was a movement that emphasized reason and science as the paths to knowledge
• This intellectual movement appealed mostly to the wealthy and educated
• Benjamin Franklin– 1706-1790
• At the age of 42 Franklin retired from business and devoted his life to science and public service– Invented things like
lightning rod, stove and bifocals
English Government
• Parliament: England’s chief governing body– Model for colonial
representative government
• Salutary Neglect: Britain’s hands-off policy towards the colonists – too far away to bother enforcing laws
Colonists Unite• Colonies were each like
their own separate country, with own money, taxation, and laws
• Albany Plan of Union: Proposed by Franklin– 1st attempt to unite the
colonists– Each colony would send
reps. to the Grand Council to determine colonial affairs
North America in North America in 17501750
North America in North America in 17501750
French & Indian War: Main Cause
• France and England competing for control of North America
A British wanted more land for settlers (1 million compared to 80,000 French)
A Also wanted control of fur trade (French dominated, British wanted to increase) – Natives preferred the French
Britain has claimed Britain has claimed all territory in all territory in America – east America – east coast to westcoast to west
French had claimed French had claimed all territory from all territory from Appalachian Appalachian Mountains to Rocky Mountains to Rocky Mountains in 1682 Mountains in 1682 (LaSalle)(LaSalle)
Why the Tension?Why the Tension?Why the Tension?Why the Tension?
The Ohio River Valley• The French
destroyed the British trading village of Pickawillany and built forts to along the river valley to link their Canadian and Louisiana settlements
Fort Necessity
• George Washington– Leader of small group
of soldiers sent to tell the French to leave the Ohio River Valley – Ft. Duquesne (now Pittsburg)
– Starts the fighting when they fire on the French, though they end up retreating
– Builds Ft. Necessity close by to be ready to attack again
BritishBritish FrenchFrench
Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians
The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley
1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash
1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash
Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock evict the evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada
(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)
A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,Valley, & Acadia. Uses British tactics! & Acadia. Uses British tactics!
A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.Only Braddock Success Only Braddock Success expelled expelled
France from Louisiana. France from Louisiana. CAJUNSCAJUNS
1755 1755 Braddock Braddock Decides to Eliminate Decides to Eliminate the French Presence the French Presence
in North Americain North America
1755 1755 Braddock Braddock Decides to Eliminate Decides to Eliminate the French Presence the French Presence
in North Americain North America
Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited both sides! exploited both sides!
FrenchFrench BritishBritish
1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally
Declared! Declared!
1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally
Declared! Declared!
Iroquois?Iroquois?
William Pitt• William Pitt was Great Britain’s
Secretary of State – Initially he understood colonial
concerns – the British had forced supplies, shelter, food and manpower from the colonists
– Colonists resisted
• So he offered a compromise– Colonial Loyalty and Military
Cooperation– Colonial Assemblies would be
reimbursed for their costs• Raised colonial morale and attitudes
towards British – turned tides of war
BritishBritish
• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.
• Brit. officers wanted toBrit. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.
• Prima Donna British Prima Donna British officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.
• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.
• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.
• Indian-style Indian-style guerilla tactics tactics..
• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.
• No military protocols No military protocols observed.observed.
• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.
• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.
Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:
MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:
MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:
Finances:Finances:
Demeanor:Demeanor:
British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions
ColonialsColonials
France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.
1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis
1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis
North America in North America in 17631763
North America in North America in 17631763
Main Effects
• Treaty of Paris 1763– British Win
• Expansion of British territory
• Increased British debt• Colonists united for
the first time
Pontiac’s Rebellion
• British weren’t treating Native Americans fairly, so tribes started attacking British Forts – Pontiac’s Rebellion.
• British retaliated with force, and used underhanded tactics, like handing out smallpox infested blankets to Natives to crush their resistance.
Proclamation Line of 1763• When the British realize how
difficult it will be to keep up defenses in the West, so they issue the Proclamation of 1763, forbidding colonists to settle West of the Appalachians
• Colonists angry – feeling they fought for the right to settle the Ohio River Valley
• British upset that colonists don’t want to pay expenses for own defense
The ProjectThe ProjectComplete a Spider or Fishbone Diagram of Complete a Spider or Fishbone Diagram of the French and Indian War (minimum of 8 the French and Indian War (minimum of 8 legs or 8 bones)legs or 8 bones)
Include the following vocabulary terms:Include the following vocabulary terms:
•Charles de Charles de LangladeLanglade•George George WashingtonWashington•Battle at Ft. Battle at Ft. DuquesneDuquesne•Battle for QuebecBattle for Quebec•Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris
•Ft. NecessityFt. Necessity•Albany Plan of Albany Plan of UnionUnion•General BraddockGeneral Braddock•Proclamation of Proclamation of 17631763•William PittWilliam Pitt•WarraghiyageyWarraghiyagey•Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion
For each bone/leg, must have at least 2 For each bone/leg, must have at least 2 details. Must be colored and creatively details. Must be colored and creatively done. Each bone/leg will include details of done. Each bone/leg will include details of significance of event and/or details of significance of event and/or details of persons involved.persons involved.
Ohio River Valley Conflict 1753
Fort Necessity July 1754
Albany Plan of Union 1754
Warraghiyagey
French & Indian War Fishbone Diagram
Battle at Ft. Duquesne 1755
Battle of Quebec 1759 Treaty of Paris 1763 Pontiac
Charles de Langlade destroys British trading post at
Pickawillany
George Washington is sent by Virginia to tell French to leave, leading to the first battle of the
war.
Built by George Washington after he failed to capture Ft.
Dusquesne.
Proposed by Benjamin Franklin to unite the American colonies.
Colonial legislatures refused, didn't want to lose control.
Built on low-ground so attack by French left them defenseless -
Washington was forced to leave.
Based on the Iriquois Confederacy.
Would have ability to tax, raise armies, make treaties & new
settlements.