What are these circles?

Energy levels

A region around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be moving.

Orbitals

Oribital Shape Sub-orbital # of es sphere 1 2

p dumbbell 3 6

d clover-leaf 5 10

f complex 7 14

• Your major task is to fill rooms in your hotel. The funny shape of your hotel is to accommodate the habits of the hogs. The penthouse is on the first floor and the less desirable rooms are on the top floor. You must fill up your hotel keeping the following rules in mind:1) Hogs are lazy!2) Hogs can’t stand each other except when rule #1 forces the

to put up with each other.3) If hogs are in the same room they will face in opposite directions.4) They stink, so you can’t put more than two hogs in each room.

3rd floor _______ _______ _____2nd floor ___________

1st floor ____________Your hotel can hold 10hogs.

Book 15 hogs into their rooms6th ___ ___ ___ ___ ___5th floor ______ _____ ______ 4th floor _______3rd floor ______ _____ ______2nd floor _________1st floor __________

Important Definitions

• Principal Energy Levels – are assigned values in order of increasing energy: n=1,2,3,4. The greater the number the further away from the nucleus. As you move closer to the nucleus the energy of an electron decreases.

• Ground State – lowest energy state of an atom• Atomic orbitals – orbitals have different shapes

and are denoted by s, p, d, f

Rules for filling oribitals

• Pauli Exclusion Principle – an orbital may contain no more than two electrons.

• Aufbau Principle – electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital available.

• Hund’s Rule – when you have several orbitals of the same energy place one electron in each orbital before doubling up.

1s2s 2p3s 3p 3d4s 4p 4d 4f5s 5p 5d 5f6s 6p 6d7s 7p

Increasing energy

Yb No

Er Fm

Cu Ag Dy Cf Rg

Co Rh Gd Ir Cm Mt

F Cl Mn Br Te I Sm Re At Pu Bh Uus

N P V As Nb Sb Nd Ta Bi U Db Uup

H Li B Na Al K Sc Ga Rb Y In Cs Ce La Ti Fr Th Ac Uut

He Be C Mg Si Ca Ti Ge Sr Zr Sn Ba Pr Hf Pb Ra Pa Rf Uuq

O S Cr Se Mo Te Pm W Po Np Sg Uuh

Ne Ar Fe Kr Ru Xe Eu Os Rn Am Hs Uuo

Ni Pd Tb Pt Bk Ds

Zn Cd Ho Hg Es Uub

Tm Md

Lu Lr

Electron “Hotel”

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