What are the purposes of conclusions? Why are conclusions ...Persuasive - Animal Testing...

Copyright 2006 Washington OSPI.

All rights reserved.

What are the purposes of

conclusions?

Why are conclusions

important?



Purposes for Conclusions

The ending/conclusion

clearly connects introduction and body of the paper

with insightful comments or analysis.

wraps up the writing and gives the reader something

to think about.



Ineffective Conclusions

I hope you enjoyed reading my…

In this essay/letter you have learned…

In conclusion,…

As you can see/tell…

I just told you about (exact thesis)…



What are some effective ways

that we might conclude

a piece of writing?



Conclusion Strategies A writer may end with

– an echo from the introduction – a quotation or dialogue – an anecdote or scenario – an interesting fact – a prediction – a question – a call to action – a generalization from given information – a self-reflection – a response to a “so what?” question – a combination from this list



Conclusion Scoring Guide



Analyzing Conclusions in

Printed Texts

How does the conclusion connect

to the introduction and the middle

of the essay?

Does the conclusion provide a

satisfying ending?



Analyze sample conclusions. Use

your Conclusion Strategies list to

help identify strategies the authors

have used.

Find a short piece of writing with

an effective introduction and

conclusion. Summarize the body of

the piece of writing.



Now that we have looked at introductions

and conclusions separately,

let’s analyze and practice scoring

some introductions and conclusions

from student papers.



Expository - Rainforest Destruction Introduction

In one minute, 100 football fields of the rainforest are gone. Deforestation is the process of cutting down trees, killing animals or plants, and ruining the natural habitat of the rainforest. The biggest cause of deforestation is logging. There are many other causes as well as adjusting to overpopulation by constructing houses or buildings. The need for goods, such as rubber for tires, is also a reason for deforestation. Humans are affected because the whole world suffers when the rainforest is destroyed. The climate changes and the air gets warmer when trees are cut or burned down. Although the problem of rainforest destruction continues, people are currently trying to stop it. Organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund have set up reserves for animals and plants where they can live safely. Colobine monkeys are in danger from the destruction because they spend half their time in trees and the trees are rapidly being cut down.



Rain Forest Destruction Conclusion

Many trees every day are cut down in the rainforest due to logging. Every day more people are born and new houses built. In only a few years many species may become extinct forever. The deforestation causes the earth to get warmer which can effect all species on the earth. People are helping to stop it, but rainforest destruction still continues. The traditional people of the rainforest lose their culture and homes. Eight percent of the rainforest is gone and more is on its way to vanishing forever.



Persuasive - Animal Testing Introduction

“Unseen they suffer, unheard they cry, in the loneliness they linger, in the darkness they die,” is a quote from the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Each month, millions of animals suffer and die because of the testing of toxic products and weapons on animals. The cruelty of animal testing causes many animals to die horrible, painful deaths, even though they didn’t do anything to deserve this fate. Why do we test products on animals, when we wouldn’t want these products tested on ourselves? There are many reasons why animal testing is wrong and should be stopped.



Animal Testing Conclusion

Animal testing must be stopped. Both humans and animals will benefit greatly if laws are made to abolish this inhumane action. Many steps need to be taken to stop animal testing. By becoming involved and changing your buying habits, we all can be one step closer to the goal of ending animal testing.



Persuasive - Less TV Introduction

Did you boo when Stone Cipher (the head of Boeing) cheated on his wife? Did you cheer when Martha Stewart got sent to jail? Whether you did or didn’t, the facts still were shoved in your face quite rudely. Stone Cipher was fired. Martha was repeatedly ridiculed and lost much of her respect in the business community. Is this because every little thing they do will somehow affect the world? No. Is it because for some strange reason, Stone Cipher cheating on his wife will change how he runs a company? The way the population of the United States looks at famous and important people is ridiculous. We need to pay less attention to their private lives and much more to our own.



Less TV Conclusion

If your life isn’t interesting enough, make it more interesting. Don’t just sit on the sidelines and watch TV, do something with your friends; have some fun. If you want to waste your time, I can’t stop you, but I can ask you to at least consider some better ways to use your time.

What are the purposes of conclusions? Why are conclusions ...Persuasive - Animal Testing...

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