What are plankton? The word plankton comes from the Greek ‘planktos’, which means wandering or...
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Transcript of What are plankton? The word plankton comes from the Greek ‘planktos’, which means wandering or...
![Page 1: What are plankton? The word plankton comes from the Greek ‘planktos’, which means wandering or drifting. It describes the millions of free-floating organisms.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649ef55503460f94c08870/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What are plankton?
The word plankton comes from the Greek ‘planktos’, which means wandering or drifting. It describes the millions of free-floating organisms living in the ocean and other aquatic ecosystems.
Many kinds of organisms make up plankton; some spend their entire life drifting in the upper ocean, others are members of the plankton community for a time before they develop into stationary or free-swimming adults.
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![Page 3: What are plankton? The word plankton comes from the Greek ‘planktos’, which means wandering or drifting. It describes the millions of free-floating organisms.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020106/56649ef55503460f94c08870/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
There are three main types of plankton:
• Plant plankton, also known as phytoplankton • Zooplankton• Bacteria
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KINGDOM MONERA
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KINGDOM MONERA
• Cyanobacteria – a moneran phytoplankton– Photosynthetic and can fix atmospheric nitrogen– Reproduce by fission– Can aggregate to form colonies– bacteria - single-cell, no organelles
• cyanobacteria - blue-green ‘algae’– photosynthesis but no chloroplasts– chlorophyll a + phycocyanin– produced first O2 in atmosphere
• photobacteria - bioluminescent– in plankton & animal tissues
• thermobacteria - chemosynthesis– convert hydrogen sulfide H2S– in hydrothermal vents & hot springs– base of aphotic food chains
Bacteria – some are photosynthetic, but the majority feed on dead organisms.
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• For centuries, sailors in the Indian Ocean have told stories of seas glowing with a dim, white light at night. Satellite images have now confirmed the appearance of what seem to be bioluminescent bacteria, right where a ship's crew reported seeing the "milky seas" 11 years ago. Scientists say this rare phenomenon could be a way for the bacteria to attract the attention of fish so they can enter their guts and live there.
Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Cancer Killer Found In The OceanMarine Biotechnologists Treat Cancer With Mud-loving Ocean Bacteria
• Biomedicine scientists identified and sequenced the genes of a bacteria called Salinispora tropica. It produces anti-cancer compounds and can be found in ocean sediments off the Bahamas. A product called salinosporamide A has shown promise treating a bone marrow cancer called multiple myeloma, as well as solid tumors.
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Protistan phytoplankton
• Phylum Chrysophyta• Single celled• Silica or calcium
carbonate internal skeleton• 2 marine groups
– Golden brown algae– Diatoms
• Most abundant• Cell wall(frustule)• Asexual reproduction• Can reproduce one million
daughter cells in 3 weeks
• Phylum Dinopyhta– Dinoflagellates
– Have flagella
– Responsible for red tide that interferes with nerve impulses
– bioluminescent
Plankton naturally sink and are brought up through the water column by mixing and upwellings
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Phyto plankton(plant) (free floating)
Plant plankton, also known as phytoplankton – single-celled photosynthetic organisms which manufacture food using energy from sunlight.
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Zoo plankton(animal) (free floating)
Zooplankton – single- and many-celled animals that feed on live plankton.
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Phylum Sarcomastigophora• Radiolarians
– Entirely marine
– Internal skeleton of silica
– Have psuedopods
• Foraminiferans– Make up half of all
protozoans
– Mostly marine
– Have calcium carbonate shells(tests)
– Mostly benthic or live attached to another organism
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Phylum ciliophora
• Most abundant ciliate
• Have cilia
• Have tentacles that feed
• Mostly parasitic