What Are Biomolecules???? There are 4 biomolecules Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids The 4...

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T1 SCO P ES : W eek 5 The information and diagram below is used for both questions for Day 1: A group of organism s that interact w ith and depend upon one another is called a com m unity. The m ovem ent of m atter and energy through a com m unity can be studies by exam ining its food w eb. A s organism s eat other organism s, energy and nutrients pass through various feeding levels. These feeding levels are called trophic levels. The follow ing is a diagram of the energy and nutrient flow through a sim ple com m unity. D ay 1-1 (1 2 C ) W hich group above w ould m ost likely contain living algae? A producers B second-order consum ers C first-order consum ers D decom posers D ay 1-2 (12C) A ccording to the diagram , nutrients from dead organism s are released into the soilby the action of – F producers G first-order consum ers H third-order consum ers J decom posers

Transcript of What Are Biomolecules???? There are 4 biomolecules Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids The 4...

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  • What Are Biomolecules???? There are 4 biomolecules Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids The 4 biomolecules are large molecules that are necessary for life Bio = Life Molecule = a group of atoms held together by bonds Nicknames Organic molecules Organic = living matter Macromolecules Macro = large There are 4 biomolecules Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids The 4 biomolecules are large molecules that are necessary for life Bio = Life Molecule = a group of atoms held together by bonds Nicknames Organic molecules Organic = living matter Macromolecules Macro = large Biomolecules
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  • Functions of Biomolecules
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  • Set Up Your Notes BiomoleculeFunctionsImportantSource Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids
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  • PROTEINS Functions Provide structure Transport substances into and out of cells Speed up chemical reactions Important Proteins are found EVERYWHERE!!!! Source Meat Eggs Beans Nuts Functions Provide structure Transport substances into and out of cells Speed up chemical reactions Important Proteins are found EVERYWHERE!!!! Source Meat Eggs Beans Nuts
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  • CARBOHYDRATES Functions Short term energy storage Source Bread Potatoes Fruit Sugar Functions Short term energy storage Source Bread Potatoes Fruit Sugar
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  • LIPIDS Functions Long term energy storage Insulate the body Cushion organs Important Lipids make up cell membranes Source Oil Wax (butter) Fat (bacon) Functions Long term energy storage Insulate the body Cushion organs Important Lipids make up cell membranes Source Oil Wax (butter) Fat (bacon)
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  • NUCLEIC ACIDS Functions Store genetic information Important The only 2 examples are DNA & RNA Can be found in.. You cant eat your DNA silly!!! Functions Store genetic information Important The only 2 examples are DNA & RNA Can be found in.. You cant eat your DNA silly!!!
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  • Structures of Biomolecules
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  • First things firstChemistry 101 1.Letters represent different elements 2.More Bonds = More Energy 3.Circles are more stable than lines 1.Letters represent different elements 2.More Bonds = More Energy 3.Circles are more stable than lines Element Key C = carbon O = oxygen H = hydrogen N = nitrogen P = phosphorus S = sulfur
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  • All biomolecules are formed through POLYMERIZATION Monomers: Any small molecule that can be joined together Polymers: Any large molecule made up of small units Polymerization: Small molecules (monomers) bond together to former larger molecules (polymers) Monomers: Any small molecule that can be joined together Polymers: Any large molecule made up of small units Polymerization: Small molecules (monomers) bond together to former larger molecules (polymers)
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  • PolymerizationA Closer Look Dehydration Synthesis Bond is formed between two monomers through the loss of a water molecule Build polymers Bond formed - Peptide bond Hydrolysis: Bond is broken between two monomers through the addition of a water molecule Break down polymers Dehydration Synthesis Bond is formed between two monomers through the loss of a water molecule Build polymers Bond formed - Peptide bond Hydrolysis: Bond is broken between two monomers through the addition of a water molecule Break down polymers
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  • Set Up Your Notes BiomoleculeElementsMonomersPolymerNotes Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids
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  • PROTEINS The Elements Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen The Monomer Amino acids The Polymer Protein The Elements Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen The Monomer Amino acids The Polymer Protein
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  • PROTEINS The structure of proteins is VERY important STRUCTURE = FUNCTION The structure of proteins is VERY important STRUCTURE = FUNCTION
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  • CARBOHYDRATES The Elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen The Monomer Monosaccharides = Simple sugars The Polymer Polysaccharides = Complex Carbohydrates = Starches & Glycogen The Elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen The Monomer Monosaccharides = Simple sugars The Polymer Polysaccharides = Complex Carbohydrates = Starches & Glycogen
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  • LIPIDS The Elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Made up of (not a polymer) Glycerols + Fatty Acids The Elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Made up of (not a polymer) Glycerols + Fatty Acids
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  • LIPIDSA Little More Families of lipids Phospholipids Fats Steriods Families of lipids Phospholipids Fats Steriods
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  • Phospholipids Glycerol Head - Hydrophilic Fatty Acid Tail - Hydrophobic Basic Structure Head - glycerol + PO 4 Tail - 2 fatty acids Make up cell membranes Basic Structure Head - glycerol + PO 4 Tail - 2 fatty acids Make up cell membranes
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  • Fats Basic Structure Head - glycerol Tail - fatty acids Triacylglycerol Glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids Basic Structure Head - glycerol Tail - fatty acids Triacylglycerol Glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids
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  • Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats
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  • Saturated fats All C bonded to H No C=C double bonds long, straight chain most animal fats solid at room temp. contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits
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  • Unsaturated fats C=C double bonds in the fatty acids plant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature the kinks made by double bonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together
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  • Saturated vs. Unsaturated saturatedunsaturated
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  • NUCLEIC ACIDS The Elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus The Monomer Nucleotides The Polymer Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) The Elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus The Monomer Nucleotides The Polymer Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)