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Wetland Nangal 2016-17
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Wetland Nangal 2016-17
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1. INTRODUCTION:
Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water whether natural or
artificial, permanent or temporary with water that is lentic or lotic, fresh, brackish or
salty, including areas of marine water, the depth of which at low tide does not exceed
six meters. Wetlands may be either natural or manmade.
Nangal wetland is one of the four wetlands of national importance
identified in Punjab, and has been included in the national directory of wetlands by the
Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Govt. of India in January, 2008
because of its avian diversity and spreads over an area of approx. 400 hac.
1.1 Physiography of Nangal Wetland
Nangal Wetland is an artificial lake on river Satluj. This lake had been
created due to the erection of barrage for diverting the water of River Sutlej into
irrigation canals.
Nangal Lake is situated on the foothills of Shivalik ranges in Ropar district,
Punjab, India. The beautiful lake is formed due to construction of Nangal barrage. The
name Nangal came after the name of Nangal Nikku, a small village. This lake is a
heaven for bird lovers and numerous migratory birds are seen here. It is located just at
a distance of about 100km from Chandigarh in Punjab in northwest India. The wetland
is situated at 31°22'N 76°23'E / 31°.37'N, 76°.38'E and has an average elevation of
about 1069 feet (326 metres). The wetland is surrounded by beautiful hills.
1.2 Sources of Pollution:
Nangal wetland is mainly fed by river Satluj. The river receives the once
through cooling water from NFL Nangal. It receives the treated waste water from STP
Nangal & STP BBMB Nangal. It also receives waste water from the villages and other
sources situated along the river.
The fertilizer / pesticide run off from agricultural fields on both side of the
wetland also contributes to its pollution load.
1.3. Objectives:
The environment of Nangal wetland is deteriorating as it receives
industrial and municipal wastes of the cities & villages situated along its banks. It
receives treated waste water discharged at downstream of Nangal barrage.
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Water quality being an important factor in the conservation of a wetland,
it is necessary to know the existing water quality as well as to keep a constant watch on
its future trends.
2. Monitoring by Punjab Pollution Control Board:
Punjab Pollution Control Board has conducted monitoring of Nangal
wetland to study the effect on water and sediment quality due to discharge of
domestic/industrial wastewater/surface run offs. The monitoring for water and sediment
samples was carried out in the month of October, 2016and April, 2017 at following
locations:
1) River Sutlej at 100 mtr U/s of Headworks Nangal.
2) Right Bank of Nangal Reservoir
3) Left Bank of Nangal Reservoir
4) River Sutlej D/s Nangal Barrage
5) River Sutlej U/s NFL
6) River Sutlej D/s NFL
7) River Sutlej at D/s PACL
River Sutlej at 100 mtr U/s of Headworks Nangal
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
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Right Bank of Nangal Reservoir
Left Bank of Nangal Reservoir
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River Sutlej D/s Nangal Barrage
River Sutlej U/s NFL
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
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River Sutlej at D/s PACL
River Sutlej D/s NFL
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3. SAMPLING:
The samples were collected as per protocol (Annexure-I) from the
seven sampling locations mentioned above in October, 2016 & April, 2017. These
samples were analysed for physico-chemical parameters and for heavy metals and
pesticides (Annexure -II).
Sediment samples were also collected to know the accumulation of various
pollutants in the sediment. These samples were analysed for physico-chemical
parameters and for heavy metals and pesticides (Annexure -III).
Since the chemical analysis alone cannot provide a true picture of the
water quality, biological metabolic evaluation of the water is also necessary to confirm
its suitability for different uses and to have the diversity of different types of flora and
fauna, diversity index and saprobity index were calculated. The results are given in
(Table-II to IV). The samples were also collected for microbiological studies i.e.
Total and Faecal coliform to have an idea of the extent of pollution from sewage
/human/animal waste.
4. Methodology: Methodology adopted for analysis of various parameters have
been prescribed in Table-I.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
5 (A) Water Samples:-
The water samples were collected from Seven monitoring locations in October,
2016 & April 2017 for various parameters. The analysis results indicate that: -
(a) Physical Parameters:
i) pH:
pH at all the monitoring locations was found to vary between 7.3 to 7.9 during
October 2016 whereas it varied from 7.7 to 8.0 during monitoring in April, 2017.
ii) Turbidity:
Turbidity is caused by a wide variety of suspended matter which ranges in
sizes from colloidal to course dispersions depending upon the velocity of flow or upon
the extent of turbulence. It varied from 2.6 to 11.4 NTU in October 2016 and from 8.0
to 19.0 in the samples collected in the month of April, 2017.
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iii) Total Dissolved Solids:
The concentration of total dissolved solids varied from 133 to 165 mg/l in
October, 2016 and from 162 to 196 mg/l in April, 2017.
iv) Conductivity:
The conductivity of an aqueous solution expresses its ability to conduct or
to carry an electric current which depends largely on the presence of ions. The
measurement of conductivity is thus important to establish the degree of mineralization
to assess the effect of the total concentration of ions which can have an effect on the
plant and animal life in an aquatic environment.
The conductivity varied from 205 to 239 µS/cm in October, 2016 and from
284 to 318 µS/cm in April, 2017.
v) Dissolved Oxygen:
Oxygen is the prime requirement of all the living organisms in one form or
the other for carrying out the metabolic activities and for the production of energy
essential for growth and reproduction. Oxygen depletes rapidity when the organic
matter finds its way into the water bodies and is consumed by the microorganisms
naturally present in the stream. It is therefore, an indicator of organic pollution.
Concentration of the dissolved oxygen also varies with the time of the day.
Dissolved Oxygen varied from 7.8 to 8.6 mg/l during the period of study
i.e. in October, 2016 and it was in the range of 7.8 to 8.6 mg/l in April, 2017.
vi) Total Coliform
Total Coliform count was found in the range of 540 to 920 MPN/100ml in
October, 2016 and varied from 170 to 320 MPN/100ml in April, 2017, during the study
period indicating pollution from sewage /human /animal waste.
(b) Inorganic and Non Metallic Constituents:
i) Chloride & Sulphate:
The concentration of chloride & sulphate during the period of study varied
between 20 mg/l to 28 mg/l and from 18 mg/l to 21 mg/l respectively during October,
2016 and in April 2017 chloride varied from 11 mg/l to 26 mg/l and sulphate varied
from 8 mg/l to 13 mg/l.
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ii) Hardness :
Hardness of water is largely due to calcium and magnesium. Calcium and
Magnesium exist in the form of hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates.
Total Hardness varied from 92 to 113 mg/l in October, 2016 and from 66
to 94 mg/l in April, 2017.
iii) Alkalinity:
The Alkalinity varied from 58 to 80 mg/l in October 2016 and from 48 to
84 mg/l in April, 2017.
(c) Biochemical Oxygen Demand:
The organic matter which enters in the aquatic system is broken down
under natural conditions to various end products by the naturally occurring micro-
organisms and in this process dissolved oxygen depletion takes places resulting in an
ecological imbalance affecting aquatic life. Hence, it becomes pertinent to know the
amount of oxygen that would be needed by the naturally occurring micro-organisms for
stabilizing a bio-degradable waste under aerobic conditions whereas BOD represents
the amount of oxygen required for stabilizing waste when the waste is oxidized.
Presence of BOD in water indicates that the water is polluted with organic
matter. However, it was found below 5 mg/l in October, 2016 and April, 2017 at all
sampling locations indicating thereby very less contribution from organic sources.
(d) Study of Flora and Fauna:
1. Satluj 100 mt U/S Head Works Nangal: The Sampling point is situated near a
Gurudwara and approach to river Satluj is through stairs. Very few stones or
gravel are found here. Some species of invertebrates are found here. The river
bed is found to be sandy. Species like Baetis, molluscs are found here.
2. Satluj near Right bank of Reservoir: No algae and grasses are found. Stones and
gravel are also not present. No animal life was observed here during the period
of study.
3. Satluj on left bank of Reservoir. No animal life was observed here.
4. Satluj D/S Barrage: No stones or gravel are found to provide habitat. No fauna is
found here. Stairs lead to river and study in the inner parts of the river is not
feasible due to no approach.
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5. Satluj U/S NFL: At the sampling point, little blackish tinge was observed in river
water. Though river water is abundant with grasses, shrubs and phytoplanktons
that supports the growth of animal life. Substrate is composed of stones and
gravel. Some good quality animals like Lymnae and Plenorbis were found.
6. Satluj D/S NFL: Human activities is like cloth washing and bathing are very
common. Chironomids and molluscs were found here in abundant during the
study period.
7. Satluj D/S PACL: Benthic fauna is little less at this location but still chironomids
and few molluscs were found here.
(e) Sodium and Potassium
Sodium and Potassium were found in the range of 7.8 mg/l to 14.2 mg/l
and 1.5 mg/l to 2.6 mg/l respectively in the water samples, during the period of study
in the month of October, 2016 and in April, 2017, sodium varied from 8 mg/l to 18 mg/l
and potassium varied from 1.4 mg/l to 2.3 mg/l.
(f) Heavy Metals
The heavy metals i.e. Zinc, Iron, Copper, Chrome, Nickel, Arsenic,
Mercury & Cadmium were analyzed in the samples collected in October, 2016 and April,
2017 using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All the heavy metals) were not
detected in all the samples analyzed except Iron (in the range of 0.05 to 0.17 mg/l) and
Zinc (in the range of 0.05 to 0.19 mg/l).
(g) Pesticides
The pesticides i.e Alpha HCH,Beta HCH,Gama HCH,4,4' DDT ,4,4' DDE
,4,4' DDD ,Alpha Endosulphan,Beta Endosulphan , Dieldrin, Aldrin, Endrin, Endrin
Aldehyde & Methyl Parathion were analyzed in the water samples collected in October,
2016 and April, 2017 using Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrophotometer. The
pesticides were not detected in all the samples collected during the period of study.
5 (B) Sediment Samples:
The sediment samples were collected from the seven monitoring locations.
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(a) Physico-Chemical Parameter:
(i) pH
pH at all the monitoring locations was found to vary between 7.3 to 7.6
during the period of study in October, 2016 and in April, 2017 from 7.3 to 7.8.
(ii) Conductivity
The conductivity varied from 27 µS/cm to 82µS/cm in October, 2016 and
in April, 2017 it varied from 69 µS/cm to 82 µS/cm.
(iii) Chloride & Sulphate
The concentration of chloride varied from 10 µg/g to 100 µg/g & Sulphate
from 20 µg/g to 320 µg/g in October, 2016 and in April, 2017 chloride varied from 80
µg/g to 92 µg/g and sulphate varied from 70 µg/g to 76 µg/g.
(b) Heavy Metals
The sediment samples were collected in October, 2016 & April 2017 and were
analyzed for heavy metals i.e. Zinc, Chrome, Nickel, Lead & Cadmium and were not
detected in any of the analysed samples except Zinc (in the range of 0.02 to 0.08 mg/g
in October, 2016 and 0.01 mg/g to 0.02mg/g in April, 2017). The analysis was done
using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
(c) Pesticides
The pesticides i.e Alpha HCH,Beta HCH,Gama HCH,4,4' DDT ,4,4' DDE ,4,4'
DDD ,Alpha Endosulphan, Beta Endosulphan , Dieldrin, Aldrin, Endrin, Endrin Aldehyde
& Methyl Parathion were analyzed in the sediment samples collected in October, 2016
and April 2017 using Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrophotometer. The pesticides
were not detected in any of the samples analyzed during the period of study.
6. Designated Best Use (DBU) Classification:
The objective of DBU Concept is aimed at restoring and /or maintaining natural
water bodies or their parts to such a quality as water body is put to, the use which
demands highest quality of water is termed as “DBU”, and accordingly the water body
is designated.
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Primary water quality criteria for different used have been identified and is as under:
Designated Best-Use Class
of Water
Criteria
Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection
A pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 50 or less Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more BOD = 2.0
Outdoor bathing (Organised) B pH between 6.5 and 8.5 DO 5mg/l or more Total Coliform MPN/100ml 500 or less BOD 3mg/l or less
Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection
C pH between 6 to 9 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 5000 or less DO 4mg/l or more BOD 3mg/l or less
Propagation of Wild Life and Fisheries
D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 D O 4mg/l or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less
Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste Disposal
E pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Electrical Conductivity at 25
0C micro S/cm
Max.2250 Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2mg/l
7. CONCLUSION:
The Board monitored the Nangal wetland and collected, analyzed
samples for physico chemical, biological, heavy metals and pesticides
parameters.
The quality of water in river Sutlej at Nangal reservoir conforms to
Class-C in October, 2016 and Class-B in April, 2017 as per DBU.
The quality of water at D/S NFL/ PACL conforms to Class-C in
October 2016 and Class-B in April 2017. The water quality
deteriorates due to Total Coliform count. This may be due to
discharge of treated domestic water of STP Nangal in to the river
Satluj. The activity of animals bathing was also observed during
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sampling. The other human activities observed were washing of
clothes, washing of utensils, dressing of fish etc..
Thereafter the quality of water deteriorates due to the discharge of
sewage of Nangal and once through cooling water of NFL into River
Satluj, the quality of water conforms to Class-B/C.
8. RECOMMENDATIONS:
Since the aim is the restoration and maintenance of the lake quality
by eliminating or reducing polluted discharges to the extent possible and
practicable therefore the following recommendations are made:
Animal and Human activities along the course of river Satluj is
required to be checked.
Proper level of water must be maintained in the river to save the
biotic life in river, especially in the D/s of reservoir.
To keep vigil on the level of pollution, regular monitoring of the lake
water must be done.
Deforestation in the catchment area should be strictly prohibited to
minimize surface runoffs.
Forestation in the catchment area of wetland should be enhanced to
avoid soil erosion and lake pollution due to runoffs.
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Table-I Methodology Adopted for Analysis
S.No. Parameter Method
1 pH Glass Electrode Method
2 D.O. Iodometric / Azide Modification
3 Conductance Electrical Conductance
4 T.S.S Gravimetric Method
5 T.D.S Gravimetric Method
6 C.O.D. Open Reflux Method
7 B.O.D 3 days Iodometric method
8 Chloride Argentometric Method
9 Sulphate Gravimetric Method
10 Total Hardness EDTA Titration Method
11 Calcium EDTA Titration Method
12 Magnisium EDTA Titration Method
13 Phosphate Colorometric Method
14 Nitrate Ion Selective Electrode
15 Nitrite Colorometric Method
16 Amm. Nitrogen Nesslerization
17 TKN Kjeldhal Method
18 Alkalinity Titration Method
19 Turbidity Nephelometric Method
20 Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode
21 T.Coli/F.Coli MPN Multiple Tube Technique
22 Pesticide GCMS
23 Metals Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric
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Table-II Analysis Results of Physico-Chemical, Biological in water samples in
October 2016
(Nangal Wetland) 1. Field Observations Sutlej at 100
mts, u/s of
H/W
Nangal
Right Bank
of Nangal
reservoir
Left Bank
of Nangal
reservoir
River Sutlej
D/S Nangal
Barrage
River Sutlej
U/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S PACL
Co-
ordinates
Latitude N 31o23'
51.754" N 31o23'
36.308" N 31o23'
27.368" N 31o22'
33.734" N 31o22'
33.734" N 31o21'
03.124" N 31o20'
59.921"
Longitude E 76o 22'
8.360" E 76o 22'
05.163"
E 76o 21'
50.779"
E 76o 21'
52.797"
E 76o 21'
52.797"
E 76o 22'
4.904"
E 76o 22'
4.048"
i) Weather Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny
ii) Approximate
depth of main
stream/depth of
water table
0.5m 0.6m 0.5m 0.5m 0.4m 0.3m 0.3m
iii) Colour and
intensity
Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless
iv) Odor odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless
v) Visible effluent
discharge
Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Effluent discharge
from
M/s NFL –
Nil
vi) Human activities
around station.
Human
activities –Nil,
Migratory
birds seen
Human
activities –Nil,
Fishing was
done
Human
activities –Nil,
Human
activities –Nil, Mandir
at the bank
Human
activities –Nil,
Human
activities –Nil,
Human
activities –Nil,
2. Core Parameters
i) Temperature
(Air/Water) in oC
30/21 30/20 31/20 28/20 32/21 31/21 32/21
ii) pH 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.4
iii) Conductivity µS/cm
234 205 206 228 228 239 238
iv) DO (mg/l) 8.5 8.2 7.8 8.2 8.1 7.9 8.6
v) BOD (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) Nitrate-N (mg/l) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6
vii) Ammonia-N mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL viii) Total Coli MPN/100 ml 550 610 560 680 540 920 610
ix) Faecal Coli MPN/100
ml 360 400 370 400 220 350 270
3. Bio Monitoring
i) Saprobity Index 4.6 - - - 3.3 2.5 2.5
ii) Diversity Index 0.3 - - - 0.3 0.4 0.4
4. General Parameters i) COD (mg/l) 4 BDL 16 4 12 24 4
ii) TKN BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iii) TDS (mg/l) 165 133 136 156 151 154 140
iv) TFS (mg/l) 122 113 115 121 119 126 118
v) TSS (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) Turbidity (NTU) 5.7 2.6 4.0 4.2 11.4 3.5 2.6
vii) Total Hardness
(mg/l)
111 94 92 98 105 113 112
viii) Fluoride (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
ix) Boron (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
x) Chloride (mg/l) 20 22 23 24 23 26 28
xi) Sulphate (mg/l) 19 18 21 18 20 20 21
xii) T. Alkalinity (mg/l) 78 58 72 80 64 66 54
xiii) P-Alkalinity (mg/l) - - - - - - -
xiv) Phosphate (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xv) Sodium (mg/l) 10.6 9.6 9.8 9.8 7.8 10.2 14.2
xvi) Potassium (mg/l) 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.5 2.4 2.6
xvii) Calcium (mg/l) 31.2 25.6 26.0 29.0 32.0 31.2 31.0
xviii) Magnesium mg/l 8.0 7.2 6.5 6.1 6.3 8.5 8.5
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
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Table-III Analysis Results of Heavy metals and Pesticides in water samples in
October 2016
(Nangal Wetland)
Field
Observations
Sutlej at 100
mts, u/s of
H/W Nangal
Right Bank of
Nangal
reservoir
Left Bank of
Nangal
reservoir
River
Sutlej D/S
Nangal
Barrage
River Sutlej
U/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S PACL
5. Trace Metals (mg/l)
i) Arsenic BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ii) Nickel BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iii) Copper BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iv) Mercury BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
v) Chromium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
vi) Cadmium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
vii) Zinc 0.12 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.14 0.19
viii) Lead BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ix) Iron 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.14 0.17
6. Pesticides (µg/l)
i) Alpha HCH
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ii) Beta HCH
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iii) Gama HCH
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iv) 4,4' DDT (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
v) 4,4' DDE (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
vi) 4,4' DDD (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
vii) Alpha
Endosulphan
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
viii) Beta
Endosulphan
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ix) Dieldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
x) Aldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
xi) Endrin(µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
xii) Endrin
Aldehyde(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
xiii) Methyl
Parathion (µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
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Table-IV Analysis Results of Physico-Chemical, Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Sediment samples in October, 2016
( Nangal Wetland)
1. Field
Observations
Sutlej at 100
mts, u/s of
H/W Nangal
Right Bank
of Nangal
reservoir
Left Bank of
Nangal
reservoir
River Sutlej D/S
Nangal Barrage River Sutlej
U/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S PACL
Co-
ordinates
Longitude N 31o23'
51.754" N 31o23'
36.308" N 31o23'
27.368" N 31o22'
33.734" N 31o22'
33.734" N 31o21'
03.124" N 31o20'
59.921"
Latitude E 76o 22'
8.360" E 76o 22'
05.163"
E 76o 21'
50.779"
E 76o 21'
52.797"
E 76o 21'
52.797"
E 76o 22'
4.904"
E 76o 22'
4.048"
i) Weather Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny
ii) Approximate
depth of main
stream/depth of
water table
0.5m 0.6m 0.5m 0.5m 0.4m 0.3m 0.3m
iii) pH 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.3 7.3
iv) Conductivity
µS/cm
66.3 30.0 32.0 80.0 27.0 61.5 82.0
v) Chloride µg/gm 50 10 0 100 0 40 60
vi) Sulphate µg/gm 100 0 20 320 0 80 280
vii) Calcium µg/gm 480 320 308 308 308 498 298
Viii) Magnesium
µg/gm
156 108 110 116 110 114 64
Trace Metals
i) Nickel (mg/gm) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL ii) Chromium
(mg/gm)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iii) Cadmium
(mg/gm)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iv) Zinc (mg/gm) 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.08
v) Lead (mg/gm) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Pesticides
(µg/gm)
i) Alpha HCH
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ii) Beta HCH (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iii) Gama HCH (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iv) 4,4' DDT (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL v) 4,4' DDE (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) 4,4' DDD (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vii) Alpha
Endosulphan
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
viii) Beta Endosulphan
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ix) Dieldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL x) Aldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xi) Endrin(µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xii) Endrin
Aldehyde(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
xiii) Methyl Parathion
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
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Table-II Analysis Results of Physico-Chemical, Biological, in water samples in
April, 2017
(Nangal Wetland) 1. Field Observations Sutlej at 100
mts, u/s of
H/W Nangal
Right Bank
of Nangal
reservoir
Left Bank of
Nangal
reservoir
River Sutlej
D/S Nangal
Barrage
River Sutlej
U/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S PACL
Co-
ordinates
Latitude N 31o23'
51.754" N 31o23'
36.308" N 31o23'
27.368" N 31o22'
33.734" N 31o22'
33.734" N 31o21'
03.124" N 31o20'
59.921"
Longitude E 76o 22'
8.360" E 76o 22'
05.163"
E 76o 21'
50.779"
E 76o 21'
52.797"
E 76o 21'
52.797"
E 76o 22'
4.904"
E 76o 22'
4.048"
i) Weather Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny
ii) Approximate depth of
main stream/depth of
water table
0.5m 0.6m 0.5m 0.5m 0.4m 0.3m 0.3m
iii) Colour and intensity Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless
iv) Odor odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless
v) Visible effluent
discharge
Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Effluent
discharge from
M/s NFL –
once through cooling
Nil
vi) Human activities
around station.
Human
activities –
Nil,
Migratory
birds seen
Human
activities –
Nil,
Fishing was
done
Human
activities –
Nil,
Human
activities –
Nil, Mandir
at the bank
Human
activities –
Nil,
Human
activities –
Nil,
Human
activities –
Nil,
2. Core Parameters
i) Temperature
(Air/Water) in oC
35/22 34/21 34/22 32/21 33/17 32/22 31/17
ii) pH 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.8 8.0 7.7
iii) Conductivity µS/cm 284 295 287 286 284 299 318
iv) DO (mg/l) 8.4 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.5 7.8 7.8
v) BOD (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) Nitrate-N (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4
vii) Ammonia-N (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8
viii) Total Coli MPN/100 ml 170 320 280 210 220 240 280
ix) Faecal Coli MPN/100 ml 70 130 110 79 63 79 94
3. Bio Monitoring
i) Saprobity Index 5.5 - - - 3.0 2.6 2.5
ii) Diversity Index 0.4 - - - 0.4 0.4 0.3
4. General Parameters i) COD (mg/l) 1.6 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.8 4.0
ii) TKN 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.2
iii) TDS (mg/l) 168 172 169 164 162 179 196
iv) TFS (mg/l) 157 160 158 156 154 168 184
v) TSS (mg/l) 4 6 4 5 4 10 14
vi) Turbidity (NTU) 9 12 8 9 11 15 19
vii) Total Hardness (mg/l) 68 70 66 68 72 76 94
viii) Fluoride (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
ix) Boron (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
x) Chloride (mg/l) 11 13 12 12 11 19 26
xi) Sulphate (mg/l) 8 10 9 10 9 12 13
xii) T. Alkalinity (mg/l) 52 48 54 56 54 58 84
xiii) P-Alkalinity (mg/l) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil xiv) Phosphate (mg/l) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8
xv) Sodium (mg/l) 8 10 12 14 16 18 18
xvi) Potassium (mg/l) 1.40 1.65 1.85 2.02 2.18 2.24 2.30
xvii) Calcium (mg/l) 43 20 23 24 25 16 22
xviii) Magnesium (mg/l) 3.0 6.0 4.8 6.0 5.6 7.0 8.6
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
19
Table-III Analysis Results of Heavy metals and Pesticides in water samples in
April, 2017
(Nangal Wetland)
Field
Observations
Sutlej at 100
mts, u/s of
H/W Nangal
Right Bank of
Nangal
reservoir
Left Bank of
Nangal
reservoir
River
Sutlej D/S
Nangal
Barrage
River Sutlej
U/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S PACL
5. Trace Metals (mg/l)
i) Arsenic BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ii) Nickel BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iii) Copper BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iv) Mercury BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
v) Chromium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
vi) Cadmium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
vii) Zinc BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.10 0.11 0.13
viii) Lead BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ix) Iron BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.17 0.19 0.18
6. Pesticides (µg/l)
i) Alpha HCH
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ii) Beta HCH
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iii) Gama HCH
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iv) 4,4' DDT (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
v) 4,4' DDE (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
vi) 4,4' DDD (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
vii) Alpha
Endosulphan
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
viii) Beta
Endosulphan
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ix) Dieldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
x) Aldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
xi) Endrin(µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
xii) Endrin
Aldehyde(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
xiii) Methyl
Parathion (µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
20
Table-IV Analysis Results of Physico-Chemical, Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Sediment samples in April 2017
( Nangal Wetland)
1. Field
Observations
Sutlej at 100
mts, u/s of
H/W Nangal
Right Bank
of Nangal
reservoir
Left Bank of
Nangal
reservoir
River Sutlej D/S
Nangal Barrage River Sutlej
U/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S NFL
River Sutlej
D/S PACL
Co-
ordinates
Longitude N 31o23'
51.754" N 31o23'
36.308" N 31o23'
27.368" N 31o22'
33.734" N 31o22'
33.734" N 31o21'
03.124" N 31o20'
59.921"
Latitude E 76o 22'
8.360" E 76o 22'
05.163"
E 76o 21'
50.779"
E 76o 21'
52.797"
E 76o 21'
52.797"
E 76o 22'
4.904"
E 76o 22'
4.048"
i) Weather Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny
ii) Approximate
depth of main
stream/depth of
water table
0.5m 0.6m 0.5m 0.5m 0.4m 0.3m 0.3m
iii) pH 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.4
iv) Conductivity
µS/cm
69 82 82 70 80 76 74
v) Chloride µg/gm 80 92 90 78 82 82 80
vi) Sulphate µg/gm 70 76 74 72 76 76 74
vii) Calcium µg/gm 460 490 480 490 480 510 504
Viii) Magnesium
µg/gm
154 160 154 164 160 162 160
Trace Metals
i) Nickel (mg/gm) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL ii) Chromium
(mg/gm)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iii) Cadmium
(mg/gm)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
iv) Zinc (mg/gm) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02
v) Lead (mg/gm) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Pesticides
(µg/gm)
i) Alpha HCH
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ii) Beta HCH (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iii) Gama HCH (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iv) 4,4' DDT (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL v) 4,4' DDE (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) 4,4' DDD (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vii) Alpha
Endosulphan
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
viii) Beta Endosulphan
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
ix) Dieldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL x) Aldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xi) Endrin(µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xii) Endrin
Aldehyde(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
xiii) Methyl Parathion
(µg/l)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
21
Annexure-I
Monitoring Protocol for Water and Sediment Samples
S.No. Parameters to be Monitored Frequency
1 Water Samples Twice (October & April)
a Field Oservations Twice (October & April)
b Core Observations Twice (October & April)
c General Parameters Twice (October & April)
d Bio Monitoring Twice (October & April)
e Trace Metals Twice (October & April)
f Pesticides Twice (October & April)
2 Sediment Samples Twice (October & April)
a General Parameters, Trace Metals&
Pesticides
Twice (October & April)
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
22
Annexure-II
Parameters analysed in the Water Samples
1. Field Observations i) Weather
ii) Approximate depth of main stream/depth of water table
iii) Colour and intensity
iv) Odor
v) Visible effluent discharge
vi) Human activities around station.
2. Core Parameters i) Temperature (Air/Water)
ii) pH
iii) Conductivity
iv) DO
v) BOD
vi) Nitrate-N
vii) Ammonia-N
viii) Total Coliform
ix) Faecal Coliform
3. Bio Monitoring i) Saprobity Index
ii) Diversity Index
4. General Parameters i) COD
ii) TKN
iii) Total Dissolved Solids
iv) Total Fixed Solids
v) Total Suspended Solids
vi) Turbidity
vii) Hardness
viii) Fluoride
ix) Boron
x) Chloride
xi) Sulphate
xii) Total Alkalinity
xiii) P-Alkalinity
xiv) Phosphate
xv) Sodium
xvi) Potassium
xvii) Calcium
xviii) Magnesium
5. Trace Metals
i) Arsenic
ii) Nickel
iii) Copper
iv) Mercury
Annexure-II
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
23
Parameters analysed in the Water Samples
v) Chromium
vi) Cadmium
vii) Zinc
viii) Lead
ix) Iron 6. Pesticides i) Alpha HCH ii) Beta HCH iii) Gama HCH iv) 4,4' DDT v) 4,4' DDE vi) 4,4' DDD vii) Alpha Endosulphan viii) Beta Endosulphan ix) Dieldrin x) Aldrin xi) Endrin xii) Endrin Aldehyde xiii) Methyl Parathion
Wetland Nangal 2016-17
24
Annexure-III Parameters analysed in the Sediment Samples
1. Field Observations i) Weather
ii) Approximate depth of main stream/depth of water table
2. Core Parameters ii) pH
iii) Conductivity
iv) Chloride
v) Sulphate
vi) Calcium
vii) Magnesium
3. Trace Metals
i) Nickel
ii) Chromium
iii) Cadmium
iv) Zinc
v) Lead
4. Pesticides
i) Alpha HCH
ii) Beta HCH
iii) Gama HCH
iv) 4,4' DDT
v) 4,4' DDE
vi) 4,4' DDD
vii) Alpha Endosulphan
viii) Beta Endosulphan
ix) Dieldrin
x) Aldrin
xi) Endrin
xii) Endrin Aldehyde
xiii) Methyl Parathion
*************