Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million...

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Westward Expansion

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Transcript of Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million...

Page 1: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Westward Expansion

Page 2: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states

By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states– The average family had five children !!

50 Years Later…

Page 3: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 4: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Push Factors

“THE MOTIVATION”

What causes people to leave?

Page 5: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Push Factors to the WestOvercrowding (you need a new place to live)

Need for jobs (displaced workers)

Ethnic/Religious repression

Refuge for outlaws

Page 6: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Push Factors

Think about . . .

What “pushed” you out of bed today?

Page 7: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Pull Factors

“THE INSPIRATION”

What leads people to a particular area?

Page 8: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Land (cheap and plentiful)(you want a new place to live)

Riches (gold, silver, later oil)

Freedom of religion/beliefs

Family connections

Jobs and new opportunities

Page 9: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Adventure!

Page 10: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Or maybe to find love ??

Page 11: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Pull Factors

Think about this . . .

What “pulled” you to SS today?

Page 12: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Incentives to go west included:The Pacific Railways Act– granted railroad company’s 10 square

miles on either side of each track laid west

Morrill-Land Grants– land grants from states to educational

facilities with curriculum tied to agriculture and mechanical arts

– (Texas A&M, Oklahoma A&M etc..)

Page 13: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Incentives to go west included:

Homestead Act – for approximately $10, settlers could have 160 acres of western land, if they met certain criteria:

• American citizens who were 21 years or older, or the head of a household

• Built a home on their lot, and lived in it at least 6 mos. of the year

• Farmed the land for 5 years or more

Page 14: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Why did the government encourage so many Americans to go west?

A belief in the philosophy of Manifest Destiny, which stated that …..

Page 15: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

…. God, …, clearly wanted hard–working American(s) to occupy North America. It was inevitable and good that the United States occupy the continent “from sea to shining sea.”

Page 16: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

It is, he wrote, “our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”

John L. O’Sullivan gave these ideas a name: Manifest Destiny.

Page 17: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 18: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 19: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 20: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Were there any specific incentives for groups of people to travel west?

Page 21: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

What were some of the issues preventing western expansion?

Financially ExpensiveLong JourneyUncharted TerritoryFear of the UnknownClimate and GeographyNative AmericansForeign Claims to the Land

Page 22: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

If we wanted the land, how could we acquire it?

War

Purchase

Theft

Trade

Land Grants

Page 23: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Once we’ve decided to go west, how did we get there?

Page 24: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

on steam powered boats

Page 25: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Wagon Trains

Page 26: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

On Horseback

Page 27: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Stagecoach

Page 28: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Locomotive

Page 29: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Most often – WALKING!!!

Page 30: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 31: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 32: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 33: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 34: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Transcontinental Railroad

Connected the East Coast w/ the West Coast

2 Companies

1. Central Pacific Railroad

2. Union Pacific Railroad

Page 35: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Central Pacific Railroad

Moved east out of Sacramento, CA

Used Chinese Immigrants to lay track

Page 36: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 37: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Union Pacific Railroad

Moved west out of Omaha, NB

Used Irish Immigrants to lay track

Page 38: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 39: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Transcontinental Railroad

Took 7yrs to complete

May 10, 1869 @ Promontory Point Pres. Grant connected two lines w/ a golden spike

Time Zone were then created to keep trains on time.

Page 40: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 41: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Problems for Western Settlers

Drinking Water – collected rain water– “Prairie Fever” or Typhoid

Solution: Dig Wells– DANGEROUS!

Page 42: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 43: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Problems for Western Settlers

Squatters – people who moved onto land that doesn’t belong to them

Women find ways to preserve food, make clothing, soap, & candles

Page 44: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 45: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 46: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Exodusters

Groups of African Am. moved west.

Led by Benjamin “Pap” Singleton

Get away from harsh treatment

Page 47: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 48: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 49: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 50: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 51: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Exodusters

Where did they get their name?

BIBLE

– Book of Exodus

Page 52: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

1830’s Pres. Andrew Jackson removed all major Nat. Am. Tribes west of the MS River (Oklahoma)

Trail of Tears

Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, & Seminole

Page 53: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 54: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 55: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

Many Tribes signed land treaties

They were then put on reservations – federal land set aside for Nat. Am. Tribes

Page 56: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

Apache Wars – began during the Civil War in 1861; lasted 25 years

Apache were forced onto reservations

Geronimo – famous Apache leader

Page 57: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 58: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

Sand Creek Massacre – US troops led by Col. John Chivington raided a Cheyenne camp

450 men, women, & children were killed in the raid

Cheyenne tribe will surrender a yr later

Page 59: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 60: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 61: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 62: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

First Sioux War – started in 1866 when gov’t started building a road through their land

Sioux attacked the

men killing 80.

Page 63: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

Sioux agreed to live on a reservation in the Dakota Territory

1875 US gov’t violated the treaty

Allowed gold miners on the land

Page 64: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

Second Sioux War – Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse led a small band off reservation.

Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer- leader of 7th Cavalry; was set after Sioux

Page 65: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 66: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 67: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

Battle of Little Big Horn – the Sioux had joined forces w/ other tribes

Col. Custer & 200 of his men died in the battle

Page 68: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 69: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 70: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 71: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

In response – gov’t floods region w/ troops

Eventually Sioux returned to res.

Page 72: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Native American Wars

Massacre at Wounded Knee – after Sitting Bull’s death; followers left res. to perform Ghost Dance

7th Cav. sent – killed 200 unarmed Sioux

Page 73: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 74: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 75: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 76: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 77: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Extinction of the Buffalo

Railroad – killed to feed workers

Settlers – killed for hides/fun

Gov’t – killed them to starve out Native Am.

Page 78: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 79: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Dawes Act

Gave plots of land to Native Am families

Land not good for farming

Not interested in farming

Page 80: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Indian Territory

Present Day Oklahoma

Gov’t gave away 2 million acres of Indian land to whites in a race

April 22, 1889 – Great Race – over 10,000 settlers raced for claims

Page 81: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 82: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 83: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Indian Territory

Boomer – settler who rushed into the land legally

Sooner – settler who marked land before the race

illegally

Page 84: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Farming

Harsh Conditions

Dry Farming – crops that don’t need much water

Bonanza Farms – farm controlled by large businesses – grew single crop

Page 85: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Mining

Gold & Silver strikes all over the west

Mining towns scattered all over west – mostly men

Page 86: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Mining

Placer Mining – shovel loose dirt into boxes/ pans then run water over it.

Once metals gone towns became ghost towns

Page 87: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 88: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Cattle Industry

Growing pop. = demand for more beef

Problem: How to get cattle from TX ranches to railway centers in the north?

Page 89: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Cattle Industry

Long Drive – transporting cattle from ranges to cow towns/ railway centers

Cowboys helped move cattle

Page 90: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Cattle Industry

Farmers against cattle drives

Barbed Wire – invented by Joseph Glidden ended the Long Drive

Page 91: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Populist Party

Created by Farm and Labor Leaders

Page 92: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Populist Party

Increase circulation of $

Unlimited printing of silver

Progressive Income Tax – % of taxes owed increases w/ income

Page 93: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Populist Party

Gov’t control of communication & transportation

8 hour work day

Page 94: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Buffalo Soldiers – name give to African Am. Cavalry

Page 95: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Dime Novels – fictional western stories about real people

Page 96: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Pony Express – Relay mail delivery system

Page 97: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 98: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Deadwood Dick

Nat Love

African Am cowboy & rodeo star

Page 99: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Jesse James

Led gang w/ bro

Robbed banks & trains

Page 100: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 101: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Billy the Kid

William Boney

Hired Gun

Stole Cattle

Page 102: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Butch Cassidy

Led Wild Bunch

Robbed banks & trains

Page 103: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Sundance Kid

Henry Laughabough

Butch Cassidy’s partner

Page 104: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 105: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Doc HolidayJohn HoldiayDentist turned gamblerGunfight @ OK Corral

Page 106: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Wyatt Earp

US Marshall

Doc’s friend

Gunfight @ OK Corral

Page 107: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Bat Masterson

Town Sherriff

Friend of Wyatt Earp

Page 108: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Wild Bill HickockJames HickockTown SherriffKilled playing poker

Page 109: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Buffalo Bill

Bill Cody

Army Scout

Showman

Page 110: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Annie Oakley

Expert markswomen

Part of Buffalo Bill’s show

Page 111: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

Western Legends

Calamity Jane

Martha Jane Cannary

Army Scout

Page 112: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.
Page 113: Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had.

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Heading West – Push/Pull!. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in 13 states Fifty years later... In 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states Why do people.

Heading West – Push/Pull!. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in 13 states Fifty years later... In 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states Why do people.

fficial estimates, about 3.1 million people lived in Wales ... · In 2015, according to official estimates, about 3.1 million people lived in Wales. This is 5% of the population of

fficial estimates, about 3.1 million people lived in Wales ... · In 2015, according to official estimates, about 3.1 million people lived in Wales. This is 5% of the population of