Westward Expansion

113
Westward Expansion

description

Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states The average family had five children !!. 50 Years Later…. Push Factors. “THE MOTIVATION” What causes people to leave?. Push Factors to the West. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Westward Expansion

Page 1: Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion

Page 2: Westward Expansion

In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states

By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states–The average family had five children !!

50 Years Later…

Page 3: Westward Expansion
Page 4: Westward Expansion

Push Factors

“THE MOTIVATION”

What causes people to leave?

Page 5: Westward Expansion

Push Factors to the WestOvercrowding (you need a new place to live)

Need for jobs (displaced workers)

Ethnic/Religious repression

Refuge for outlaws

Page 6: Westward Expansion

Push Factors

Think about . . .

What “pushed” you out of bed today?

Page 7: Westward Expansion

Pull Factors

“THE INSPIRATION”

What leads people to a particular area?

Page 8: Westward Expansion

Land (cheap and plentiful)(you want a new place to live)Riches (gold, silver, later oil)Freedom of religion/beliefs

Family connectionsJobs and new opportunities

Page 9: Westward Expansion

Adventure!

Page 10: Westward Expansion

Or maybe to find love ??

Page 11: Westward Expansion

Pull Factors

Think about this . . .

What “pulled” you to SS today?

Page 12: Westward Expansion

Incentives to go west included:The Pacific Railways Act–granted railroad company’s 10 square

miles on either side of each track laid west

Morrill-Land Grants– land grants from states to educational

facilities with curriculum tied to agriculture and mechanical arts

– (Texas A&M, Oklahoma A&M etc..)

Page 13: Westward Expansion

Incentives to go west included:

Homestead Act – for approximately $10, settlers could have 160 acres of western land, if they met certain criteria:

• American citizens who were 21 years or older, or the head of a household

• Built a home on their lot, and lived in it at least 6 mos. of the year

• Farmed the land for 5 years or more

Page 14: Westward Expansion

Why did the government encourage so many Americans to go west?

A belief in the philosophy of Manifest Destiny, which stated that …..

Page 15: Westward Expansion

…. God, …, clearly wanted hard–working American(s) to occupy North America. It was inevitable and good that the United States occupy the continent “from sea to shining sea.”

Page 16: Westward Expansion

It is, he wrote, “our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”

John L. O’Sullivan gave these ideas a name: Manifest Destiny.

Page 17: Westward Expansion
Page 18: Westward Expansion
Page 19: Westward Expansion
Page 20: Westward Expansion

Were there any specific incentives for groups of people to travel west?

Page 21: Westward Expansion

What were some of the issues preventing western expansion?

Financially ExpensiveLong JourneyUncharted TerritoryFear of the UnknownClimate and GeographyNative AmericansForeign Claims to the Land

Page 22: Westward Expansion

If we wanted the land, how could we acquire it?

WarPurchaseTheftTradeLand Grants

Page 23: Westward Expansion

Once we’ve decided to go west, how did we get there?

Page 24: Westward Expansion

on steam powered boats

Page 25: Westward Expansion

Wagon Trains

Page 26: Westward Expansion

On Horseback

Page 27: Westward Expansion

Stagecoach

Page 28: Westward Expansion

Locomotive

Page 29: Westward Expansion

Most often – WALKING!!!

Page 30: Westward Expansion
Page 31: Westward Expansion
Page 32: Westward Expansion
Page 33: Westward Expansion
Page 34: Westward Expansion

Transcontinental Railroad

Connected the East Coast w/ the West Coast

2 Companies1. Central Pacific Railroad2. Union Pacific Railroad

Page 35: Westward Expansion

Central Pacific Railroad

Moved east out of Sacramento, CAUsed Chinese Immigrants to lay track

Page 36: Westward Expansion
Page 37: Westward Expansion

Union Pacific Railroad

Moved west out of Omaha, NBUsed Irish Immigrants to lay track

Page 38: Westward Expansion
Page 39: Westward Expansion

Transcontinental Railroad

Took 7yrs to completeMay 10, 1869 @ Promontory Point Pres. Grant connected two lines w/ a golden spikeTime Zone were then created to keep trains on time.

Page 40: Westward Expansion
Page 41: Westward Expansion

Exodusters

Groups of African Am. moved west.Led by Benjamin “Pap” SingletonGet away from harsh treatment

Page 42: Westward Expansion
Page 43: Westward Expansion
Page 44: Westward Expansion
Page 45: Westward Expansion
Page 46: Westward Expansion

Exodusters

Where did they get their name?

BIBLE – Book of Exodus

Page 47: Westward Expansion

FarmingHarsh ConditionsDry Farming – crops that don’t need much waterBonanza Farms – farm controlled by large businesses – grew single crop

Page 48: Westward Expansion

MiningGold & Silver strikes all over the westMining towns scattered all over west – mostly men

Page 49: Westward Expansion

MiningPlacer Mining – shovel loose dirt into boxes/ pans then run water over it.Once metals gone towns became ghost towns

Page 50: Westward Expansion
Page 51: Westward Expansion

Cattle IndustryGrowing pop. = demand for more beef

Problem: How to get cattle from TX ranches to railway centers in the north?

Page 52: Westward Expansion

Cattle IndustryLong Drive – transporting cattle from ranges to cow towns/ railway centersCowboys helped move cattle

Page 53: Westward Expansion

Cattle IndustryFarmers against cattle drivesBarbed Wire – invented by Joseph Glidden ended the Long Drive

Page 54: Westward Expansion

Populist PartyCreated by Farm and Labor Leaders

Page 55: Westward Expansion

Populist PartyIncrease circulation of $Unlimited printing of silverProgressive Income Tax – % of taxes owed increases w/ income

Page 56: Westward Expansion

Populist PartyGov’t control of communication & transportation8 hour work day

Page 57: Westward Expansion

Problems for Western Settlers

Drinking Water – collected rain water–“Prairie Fever” or TyphoidSolution: Dig Wells–DANGEROUS!

Page 58: Westward Expansion
Page 59: Westward Expansion

Problems for Western Settlers

Squatters – people who moved onto land that doesn’t belong to themWomen find ways to preserve food, make clothing, soap, & candles

Page 60: Westward Expansion
Page 61: Westward Expansion
Page 62: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

Indian Removal Act 1830’s Pres. Andrew Jackson removed all major Nat. Am. Tribes to the west of the MS River (Oklahoma) Trail of TearsCherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, & Seminole

Page 63: Westward Expansion
Page 64: Westward Expansion
Page 65: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

Many Tribes signed land treatiesThey were then put on reservations – federal land set aside for Nat. Am. Tribes

Page 66: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

Apache Wars – began during the Civil War in 1861; lasted 25 yearsApache were forced onto reservationsGeronimo – famous Apache leader

Page 67: Westward Expansion
Page 68: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

Sand Creek Massacre – US troops led by Col. John Chivington raided a Cheyenne camp450 men, women, & children were killed in the raidCheyenne tribe will surrender a yr later

Page 69: Westward Expansion
Page 70: Westward Expansion
Page 71: Westward Expansion
Page 72: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

First Sioux War – started in 1866 when gov’t started building a road through their landSioux attacked the

men killing 80.

Page 73: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

Sioux agreed to live on a reservation in the Dakota Territory1875 US gov’t violated the treaty Allowed gold miners on the land

Page 74: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

Second Sioux War – Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse led a small band off reservation.Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer- leader of 7th Cavalry; was set after Sioux

Page 75: Westward Expansion
Page 76: Westward Expansion
Page 77: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

Battle of Little Big Horn – the Sioux had joined forces w/ other tribesCol. Custer & 200 of his men died in the battle

Page 78: Westward Expansion
Page 79: Westward Expansion
Page 80: Westward Expansion
Page 81: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

In response – gov’t floods region w/ troopsEventually Sioux returned to res.

Page 82: Westward Expansion

Native American Wars

Massacre at Wounded Knee – after Sitting Bull’s death; followers left res. to perform Ghost Dance7th Cav. sent – killed 200 unarmed Sioux

Page 83: Westward Expansion
Page 84: Westward Expansion
Page 85: Westward Expansion
Page 86: Westward Expansion
Page 87: Westward Expansion

Extinction of the Buffalo

Railroad – killed to feed workersSettlers – killed for hides/funGov’t – killed them to starve out Native Am.Population rebounded

Page 88: Westward Expansion
Page 89: Westward Expansion

Dawes Act

Gave plots of land to Native Am familiesLand not good for farmingNot interested in farmingAssimilation of Native Americans to white culture.

Page 90: Westward Expansion

Indian Territory

Present Day OklahomaGov’t gave away 2 million acres of Indian land to whites in a raceApril 22, 1889 – Great Race – over 10,000 settlers raced for claims

Page 91: Westward Expansion
Page 92: Westward Expansion
Page 93: Westward Expansion

Indian Territory

Boomer – settler who rushed into the land legallySooner – settler who marked land before the race

illegally

Page 94: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Buffalo Soldiers – name give to African Am. Cavalry

Page 95: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Dime Novels – fictional western stories about real people

Page 96: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Pony Express – Relay mail delivery system

Page 98: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Deadwood DickNat LoveAfrican Am cowboy & rodeo star

Page 99: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Jesse JamesLed gang w/ broRobbed banks & trains

Page 100: Westward Expansion
Page 101: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Billy the KidWilliam BoneyHired GunStole Cattle

Page 102: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Butch CassidyLed Wild BunchRobbed banks & trains

Page 103: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Sundance KidHenry LaughaboughButch Cassidy’s partner

Page 104: Westward Expansion
Page 105: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Doc HolidayJohn HoldiayDentist turned gamblerGunfight @ OK Corral

Page 106: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Wyatt EarpUS MarshallDoc’s friendGunfight @ OK Corral

Page 107: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Bat MastersonTown SherriffFriend of Wyatt Earp

Page 108: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Wild Bill HickockJames HickockTown SherriffKilled playing poker

Page 109: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Buffalo BillBill CodyArmy ScoutShowman

Page 110: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Annie OakleyExpert markswomenPart of Buffalo Bill’s show

Page 111: Westward Expansion

Western Legends

Calamity JaneMartha Jane CannaryArmy Scout

Page 112: Westward Expansion
Page 113: Westward Expansion