Henry Clay of Kentucky – represented the WestHenry Clay of Kentucky – represented the West

Daniel Webster of MassachusettsDaniel Webster of Massachusetts

Represented the NorthRepresented the North

John C. Calhoun of South CarolinaJohn C. Calhoun of South Carolina

Represented the SouthRepresented the South

The Three Leaders of The Three Leaders of SectionalismSectionalism

1821 – Mexico wins it’s 1821 – Mexico wins it’s independence from Spainindependence from Spain

1823 – United Provinces of 1823 – United Provinces of Central America formed two Central America formed two years lateryears later

included the present included the present day nations of Nicaragua, day nations of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala.Honduras, and Guatemala.

Meanwhile!!Meanwhile!!

• In 1818 Andrew Jackson, In 1818 Andrew Jackson, withoutwithout formal permission from President formal permission from President Monroe launched an attack against the Monroe launched an attack against the Black SeminolesBlack Seminoles at the at the Negro Negro Fort in Spanish owned Florida.Fort in Spanish owned Florida.

• Spain protested but were involved in wars in Latin America and could Spain protested but were involved in wars in Latin America and could not risk war with the U.S.not risk war with the U.S.

• John Quincy Adams, the Secretary of State, worked out a treaty with John Quincy Adams, the Secretary of State, worked out a treaty with Spain called the Spain called the Adams - Onis TreatyAdams - Onis Treaty . .

• Spain agreed to Spain agreed to cede cede Florida to the U.S. for 5 million dollars.Florida to the U.S. for 5 million dollars.

WE Got Florida!!!!WE Got Florida!!!!

The first debate over slavery in the The first debate over slavery in the territories. It temporilary solved the territories. It temporilary solved the issue of slavery in the territories by issue of slavery in the territories by creating the Missouri Compromise creating the Missouri Compromise line.line.

http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/narrative.html

Take a look at the pictures on the following slides:Take a look at the pictures on the following slides:

Spend a few short sentences in response to each.Spend a few short sentences in response to each.

How do they make you feel?How do they make you feel?

A Study in Controversy and ContradictionA Study in Controversy and Contradiction

http://www.antislavery.org/breakingthesilence/upfromslavery.shtml

Election of 1824Election of 1824CandidatesCandidates

John Quincy Adams – Northern supportJohn Quincy Adams – Northern support

Henry Clay – Western SupportHenry Clay – Western Support

Andrew Jackson – Western SupportAndrew Jackson – Western Support

William Crawford – favored in the SouthWilliam Crawford – favored in the South

WHAT HAPPENED? WHAT HAPPENED?

•Jackson won a majority of the popular vote.Jackson won a majority of the popular vote.

• No candidate won a majority in the No candidate won a majority in the electoral collegeelectoral college..

• House of Representatives had to choose the President from House of Representatives had to choose the President from the top three candidates.the top three candidates.

• Clay finished fourth and was out of the running but he Clay finished fourth and was out of the running but he struck a deal with John Quincy Adams.struck a deal with John Quincy Adams.

• If Adams made him Secretary of State Clay would convince If Adams made him Secretary of State Clay would convince his fellow members of congress to vote for Adams.his fellow members of congress to vote for Adams.

• Adams won the electionAdams won the election

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

Elected President in 1828Elected President in 1828

After the “Corrupt Bargain of After the “Corrupt Bargain of 1824.” What was the Corrupt 1824.” What was the Corrupt Bargain?Bargain?

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun

• Spokesman for the South.Spokesman for the South.

• South Carolina senator and South Carolina senator and Vice President for Jackson Vice President for Jackson but resigned over states but resigned over states rights vs. federal rights vs. federal government argument.government argument.

Sam HoustonSam Houston

Stephen F. Stephen F. AustinAustin

James K. PolkJames K. Polk

The ALAMOThe ALAMO

Many Americans in the mid part of the 18oo’s argued that the United States had a right to expand to it’s natural borders.

What was this idea called?

Which President made it his goal to make it happen?

What might this idea have been called?

What did it mean?

Texan Independence

The Original settlers in Texas were lead by an American Land Speculator who had been given a land grant by his father.

Who was he?

As the relationship between Mexico and American settlers in Texas deteriorated Texans took up arms under the leadership of this man. Who was he?

Stephen F. Austin Texans and Mexicans under the leadership of Santa Anna, clashed here at an old Spanish mission called?

Sam Houston

The Alamo

As a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo the United States purchased territory from Mexico. Although the addition of this land helped the U.S. achieve Manifest Destiny it also posed many major problems.

What might some of these problems be?

The Major issue that arose with the addition of new territory to the U.S., was whether or not to allow slaves in the new territory.

California applied for Statehood in 1850 which deepened the debate in congress.

Many of the settlers who were moving west came from the South.

In the South almost all of the land was already owned by very wealthy plantation owners who purchased and sold large numbers of slaves.

The West was an opportunity for small farmers to own land and purchase slaves in small numbers.

This debate raged in Congress.

Henry Clay - Senator from Kentucky presented a Compromise based on the original Missouri Compromise of 1820. Stricken with Tuberculosis Henry Clay asked Senator Stephen Douglass of Illinois to present the bill for him.

What did Clay’s Compromise say?

1. California would enter the union as a free state. Texas had entered in 1845 as a slave state.

2. The territory gained from the Mexican cession would be divided into two Territories – Utah and Nebraska. The slavery question would not be an issue until either territory applied for statehood. Oregon would be Free territory as it was well above the line and there no slaves there as of yet.

3. The Slave trade was banned in Washington D.C. People could still won slaves but the huge slave market in Washington D.C. was closed.

4. In order to satisfy the South who got less territory the bill called for a New Fugitive Slave Law. It fined anyone who helped slaves escape from the South and called for the return of any slaves who had already escaped.

As we look at the map / What is the problem? Why was the Missouri Compromise insufficient to deal with the issue of slavery in California?

Although Clay’s Bill temporarily solved the slavery issue it was also very controversial. Why? http://www.nps.gov/boaf/fugitiveslavelaw.htm

The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement which swept through the country in the early 1800’s. It was led by a preacher named Charles Grandison Finney.

The movement stressed a personal relationship with god and led to a movement for Social Reform in the 1800’s

What does social reform mean? Why was it necessary at this time?

The Second Great Awakening led to several key reform movements. The Temperance Movement was a campaign against alchohol abuse.

Many women took a leading role in this campaign which led to the development of a second reform movement aimed at increasing Women’s rights

In 1848 200 women and forty men met in Sennecca Falls Convention New York to pass a resolution demanding better rights for women.

During the Early 18oo’s Many Slaves had escaped to the north and purchased their freedom. During the Early 18oo’s Many Slaves had escaped to the north and purchased their freedom. There really were no laws protecting the property of the slave owners so many went free. The There really were no laws protecting the property of the slave owners so many went free. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 however paid judges more to return a slave to their master than to Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 however paid judges more to return a slave to their master than to make a slaves freedom legal. make a slaves freedom legal.

Another key reform movement that took place was the Abolitionist Movement.

The Abolitionists believed that slavery was morally wrong and that it needed to be eradicated.

A Key figure in the abolitonist movement was an escaped slave named Fredrick Douglass. He quickly became known for his dynamic speaking ability and his antislavery newspaper called the North Star

A key figure on the Underground Railroad was one of it’s most famous Conductors, Harriet Tubman who led more than 300 hundred slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad

Abolitonists – (Those totally opposed to slavery) refused to sit by and accept the Fugitive Slave Act. They responded by creating the Underground Railroad.

What do we know about the Underground Railroad?

The maps shows some of the routes that escaped slaves took.

Another major abolitionist was William Lloyd Garrison who wrote a passionately anti-slavery newspaper called the Liberator and also helped many slaves escape on the Underground Railroad.

Kansas and Nebraska Act -1854

In 1854 Senator Stephen Douglass of Illinois proposed a Bill that divided the Nebraska Territory into two territories – Kansas and Nebraska. SO WHAT?

Douglass acted on pressure from Railroad investors who wanted to build stations in the Nebraska terriory and needed it organized to do so.

•The Kansas and Nebraska Act / The Kansas and Nebraska Act /

•Southerners supported the bill.Southerners supported the bill.

• They reasoned that since The They reasoned that since The Compromise of 1850 allowed Compromise of 1850 allowed New New Mexico and Utah to Mexico and Utah to determine the determine the issue of slavery by issue of slavery by Popular Popular Sovereignty, Sovereignty, then it was then it was logical that logical that Kansas also ought to Kansas also ought to be able to be able to choose whether to be choose whether to be free or slave.free or slave.

David Wilmot

Member of Congress from Pennsylvania

Proposed a plan to ban slavery in all lands gained from Mexico.

Missouri Compromise only applied to Land in the Louisiana Purchase

Created Debate

The fight over slavery in the territories intensified

Northern Abolitionists wanted slavery abolished

Southern slave owners wanted Slavery to be allowed in the new territories.

Moderates advocated popular sovereignty – or a vote from the residents of the territory

Bleeding Kansas

After the Compromise of 1850 slavery in the territories was

decided by popular sovereignty.

Stephen Douglas Senator from Illinois introduced a bill in 1754

which divided the Nebraska Territory into two districts

1. Kansas

2. Nebraska

3. Proslavery and Antis-slavery forces rushed to Kansas to try and sway the elections. An-

slavery forces under the leadership of John Brown

massacred pro slavery supporters under cover of nightfall

John Brown