west asia synopsis.pdf
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1 FatahUS Diplomatic relationship in West Bank Background The history of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has its roots in the late 19th century and beginning of 20 th century along with the history of region and continues to the present day. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are marked by the birth of two major nationalist groups as the Jews and the Arabs. In the 7th century, a new influence was growing in the West Asia that was known as Islam. The Islam as a practice started with the prophet Muhammad . The PalestineIsrael conflict is the ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the early 20th century. It is also important to look at the history of early 20 th century. How these problems were shaped. Major turning point in the history of the West Asia came when oil was discovered, first in Persia in 1908 and later in Saudi Arabia in 1938 and the other Persian Gulf states, and also in Libya and Algeria. It is also very fact that crude oil was the most important commodity in the 20th century of industrial world. However, the Ottoman Empire was defeated by British Empire forces in 1918. At the same time, the British promised to the Jews through the “Balfour Declaration (1917)” in creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The rise to power of German dictator Adolf Hitler in Germany had created a new urgency in the Zionist quest to immigrate to Palestine and create a Jewish state there. The immigration of Jewish has increased to the Land of Israel. However, it is also important to see the key issues of conflict between PalestineIsrael . These are the mutual recognition, settlement of refugees, borders, security, water disputes, control over Jerusalem, Israeli settlements. At first issue, the Jerusalem is most important for both parties, social, politically, theologically, and chronologically. It is also holy city for Judaism, Islam and Christianity. For Christians, Jerusalem has been a holy city since, even according to the New Testament , Jesus was crucified there. As well as, in Islam, Jerusalem is the thirdholiest city. In Islamic tradition in 610 CE it became the first Qibla , the focal point for Muslim prayer. Prophet Muhammad made his Night Journey over there. Whereas, the Western Wall is the ancient wall that surrounded the Jewish Temple’s courtyard and is one of the most and last sacred sites in Judaism. In sum up, the Old City is
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Transcript of west asia synopsis.pdf
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1FatahUSDiplomaticrelationshipinWestBank
Background
Thehistory of theIsraeliPalestinian conflicthas its roots in the late 19th century and
beginningof20thcenturyalongwiththehistoryofregionandcontinuestothepresentday.
Theendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcenturyaremarkedbythebirth
of two major nationalist groupsas the Jews and the Arabs. In the 7th century, a new
influencewasgrowingintheWestAsiathatwasknownasIslam.TheIslamasapractice
startedwiththeprophetMuhammad.
ThePalestineIsrael conflict is theongoing strugglebetweenIsraelisandPalestiniansthat
began in the early 20th century. It is also important to look at the history of early 20th
century.Howtheseproblemswereshaped.MajorturningpointinthehistoryoftheWest
Asia came whenoilwas discovered, first in Persia in 1908 and later inSaudi Arabiain
1938and theotherPersianGulf states,andalso inLibyaandAlgeria. It isalsovery fact
thatcrudeoilwas themost importantcommodity in the20thcenturyof industrialworld.
However,theOttomanEmpirewasdefeatedbyBritishEmpireforcesin1918.Atthesame
time,theBritishpromisedtotheJewsthroughtheBalfourDeclaration(1917)increating
aJewishhomeland in Palestine. The rise to power of German dictatorAdolf Hitler
inGermanyhadcreatedanewurgencyintheZionistquest toimmigratetoPalestineand
createaJewishstatethere.TheimmigrationofJewishhasincreasedtotheLandofIsrael.
However, it is also important to see the key issues of conflict between PalestineIsrael.
Thesearethemutualrecognition,settlementofrefugees,borders,security,waterdisputes,
controloverJerusalem,Israelisettlements.Atfirst issue, theJerusalemismost important
forbothparties, social,politically, theologically, andchronologically. It is alsoholycity
forJudaism,IslamandChristianity.ForChristians,Jerusalemhasbeenaholycitysince,
even according to theNew Testament,Jesus was crucifiedthere. As well as, in Islam,
Jerusalemisthethirdholiestcity.InIslamictraditionin610CEitbecamethefirstQibla,
the focal point for Muslim prayer. Prophet Muhammadmade hisNight Journey over
there.Whereas,theWesternWallistheancientwallthatsurroundedtheJewishTemples
courtyardandisoneofthemostandlastsacredsitesinJudaism.Insumup,theOldCityis
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2hometomanysitesoftremendousreligiousimportance,theTempleMountanditsWestern
Wall, theChurchof theHolyTomb, theDomeof theRockandAlAqsaMosque.These
religiousholysitescannotbeseparatedorcansayinseparablebecausetheirlocation.They
areattachedwithonetoothersbytheirwalls.
InApril,PalestinianPresidentMahmoudAbbasannouncedthatthePalestinianLiberation
Organization's (PLO) leading faction, Fatah, has agreed to a unity pact with its main
political rival,Hamas, endinga sevenyear riftbetween theparties.This led to thenews
immediatenegativereactionsfrombothIsraelandtheU.S.,whoconsiderHamasaterrorist
group. It is also a fact that Hamas and Fatah have long held fundamentally opposing
viewpointsonseveral issues,mostnotably, that statusof Israel,whichFatahhas tried to
workwith,butHamashasofficiallyvowedtodestroy.
US provide humanitarian assistance in West Bank. Although it is also a fact that
UNRWAs services encompass education, health care, relief, camp infrastructure and
improvement,communitysupport,microfinanceandemergencyresponsewiththesupport
ofUS.Hamas and Fatah have fundamentally different approaches to the state of Israel.
Hamas believes the state does not have the right to exist, and Fatah believes it does,
choosing to attemptpolitical solutions instead.Fatahhas anofficial stanceof nonviolent
resistance,whileHamashasconsistentlyusesterroristtacticsagainstIsrael.These(major)
disparities have kept the two from joining forces since 2006, whenHamas swept
PalestinianelectionsandunseatedFatahastherulingpartyinthePalestinianAuthorityfor
adecade.Abbashadjusttakenhisseataspresidentinanelectionthatfollowedthedeathof
longtimeleaderYasserArafat,andwasslatedtofinishouttheterm.
ReviewofLiterature
ElizabethMatthewa(2011),arguedthatEducationforpeaceisthebestwaytoensurethat
the next generations of Israelis and Palestinians have the skills, the knowledge, and the
motivation tocreatea trulypeacefulWestAsia.Hestressedalso that througheducation,
IsraelisandPalestinianchildrenmustbeprovidedwiththeskillsandknowledgetolivein
peaceandtocreatemutualrespectandunderstandingwhichwilltransformtheirlivesand
this region into cooperation, prosperity, and freedom.Asher Susser (2012) explores that
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3withthefailureofthepeaceprocessunderthesigningoftheOsloAccords,thetwostate
solution lost much of its appeal, legitimacy, and practicality in the region. The Israeli
settlements and the successive Israeli governments is somewhere in contendingwith the
challenge of the settler movement across the region. In this literature, the author also
focusesthepoliticalconfusiononthenatureofPalestinewiththePAandHamas.
ResearchQuestion
xWhatwerethecoreissuesofPalestineIsraelConflict?xWhatexplainstheRelationofFatahandUSinWestAsianPolitics?xWhatdifferentformatsofassociationwithHamasFatahapplytoPalestineIsraelConflict?xWhatarechallengesandrestrictionsFatahUShumanitarianAid?
ResearchMethodology
This research will use both primary (official records and document of the states) and
secondary (books, journals and researchpapers etc.) sourcesofdata and adopt inductive
methods to analyze the subject of the research. This research will also use historical,
descriptive,andanalyticaltoolsofmethods.
TentativeChapters
Chapter1:Introduction
Chapter2:RootcausesofConflictbetweenPalestineIsrael
ThischapterwillexaminetherootcausesofPalestineIsraelconflict,howithaschanged
time to timeasmanifested in the regionandeffect regionalpolitics.Thediscussionwill
payalsoattentiontothecoreissuesofconflicts.
Chapter3:UnderstandingnatureofFatahUSDiplomacy
ThischapterwillexaminetheunderstandingnatureofPalestinianRefugee.Furtherwithit
willfollowthepoliticsoftheirRightsandintheregion.
Chapter5:Conclusion
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4Thischapterwillhighlightthefindingsandtestthehypothesisofthestudy.
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5Bibliography
Ahron Bregman Jihan ElTahri (1998), The fifty years war: Israel and the Arabs, .
London:PenguinBooks.
Akram,SusanM. (2002), PalestinianRefugeesandTheirLegalStatus:Rights,Politics,
andImplicationsforaJustSolution,JournalofPalestineStudies,31(3):3651.
Arthur Koestler, Koestler, Arthur (2007),Promise and Fulfilment:Palestine 19171949,
RamagePress.
Bregman,Ahron(2002),Israel'sWars:AHistorySince1947.London:RoutledgePress.
Gilbert,Martin(1998),Israel:AHistory,Doubleday:London.
Gordon,NeveandYinonCohen(2012),WesternInterests,IsraeliUnilateralism,andthe
TwoStateSolution,JournalofPalestineStudies,41(3):618.
Khalaf, Issa (1991),Politics in Palestine: Arab Factionalism and Social Disintegration,
StateuniversityPressofNewYork:NewYork.
Lenczowski, George(1990), American Presidents and the West Asia, Duke University
Press:Durham.
Louis, Wm. Roger (1986),the British Empire in the West Asia: Arab Nationalism, the
UnitedStates,andPostwarImperialism,OxfordUniversityPress:London.
Matthewa, Elizabeth (edts.) (2011), the IsraelPalestine Conflict, Parallel discourses,
RoutledgePress:London.
Susser, Asher (2012), Israel, Jordan and Palestine, the twostate imperative, Brandeis
UniversityPress:NewEngland.
THEDECLARATIONOFTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHESTATEOFISRAEL
May 14, 1948, [online: web] Accessed 5 Feb. 2013 URL:
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6http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Esta
blishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm.
